Social impacts on adult use of tobacco: findings from the International Tobacco Control Project India, Wave 1 Survey.
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Date
2016-09
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia
Abstract
Background: Social impacts on tobacco use have been reported but not well
quantified. This study investigated how strongly the use of smoked and smokeless
tobacco may be influenced by other users who are close to the respondents.
Methods: The International Tobacco Control Project (TCP), India, used stratified
multistage cluster sampling to survey individuals aged ≥15 years in four areas of
India about their tobacco use and that of their close associates. The present study
used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for tobacco use for each
type of close associate.
Results: Among the 9780 respondents, tobacco use was significantly associated
with their close associates’ (father’s, mother’s, friends’, spouse’s) tobacco use
in the same form. After adjusting for confounding variables, women smokers
were nine times more likely to have a mother who ever smoked (OR: 9.0;
95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.3–24.7) and men smokers five times more likely
(OR: 5.4; 95% CI: 2.1–14.1) than non-smokers. Men smokers were seven times
more likely to have close friends who smoked (OR: 7.2; 95% CI: 5.6–9.3). Users
of smokeless tobacco (SLT) were five times more likely to have friends who used
SLT (OR: 5.3; 95% CI: 4.4–6.3 [men]; OR: 5.0; 95% CI: 4.3–5.9 [women]) and four
times more likely to have a spouse who used SLT (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 3.0–5.8 [men];
OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 3.6–5.3 [women]), than non-users. The ORs for the association
of the individuals’ tobacco use, whether smoked or smokeless, increased with the
number of close friends using it in the same form.
Conclusion: The influence of family members and friends on tobacco use needs
to be appropriately addressed in tobacco-control interventions.
Description
Keywords
India, smokeless tobacco, smoking, social environment, tobacco, tobacco use
Citation
WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health 2016;5(2): 123-132.