Pattern of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Their Management Plan
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Date
2024-07
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Publisher
Society for Health Care & Research Development
Abstract
Background: Carcinoma of the thyroid gland is an uncommon cancer, 0.6% and 1.6% of all cases of malignant neoplasms in men and women respectively. But is the most common malignancy in the endocrine system. This study aimed to analyze the pattern of differentiated thyroid carcinoma and its management plan. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Otolaryngology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, and Department of Otolaryngology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), from July 2011 to Jun 2012. A total of 40 patients were selected as study subjects by simple random sampling technique. A descriptive analysis of data was carried out by using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) 22.0 for Windows. Results: The highest number of cases were found in the 3rd and 5th decade of life in papillary and follicular carcinoma respectively. The male-to-female ratio was 1:2.5 in papillary, and 1:5 in follicular carcinoma, with a majority (55.0%) from rural areas. Most of the cases (35, 87.5%) suffered from papillary carcinoma, followed by (5,12.5%) follicular carcinoma. The commonest symptom for seeking medical admission was swelling in the neck (Lymph node swelling included), which was present in 39(97.5%) cases. Symptoms of distant metastasis and dyspnoea were present in 3(7.5%) and 1(2.5%) case respectively. Through FNAC 38 (95.0%) cases were diagnosed or suspected preoperatively. Conclusions: The majority of the patients present in the 3rd and 5th decade of life in papillary and follicular carcinoma respectively, with a female preponderance. Moreover, papillary carcinoma is more common than follicular carcinoma, which commonly presents with unilateral tumors. Concerning the symptoms, swelling of the neck (including lymph node swelling) is the most common feature. It can be emphasized that nodal metastasis needs total thyroidectomy, and neck dissection with radio-iodine ablation. Distant metastasis needs total thyroidectomy, surgical resection of the metastatic mass, radio-iodine ablation (if the radioiodine scan is positive), and/or radiotherapy with thyroxine.
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Keywords
Neck swelling, Thyroid Carcinoma, FNAC, Metastasis.
Citation
Shahrear Md. Khaled, Haque Muhammad Mahmudul, Iqbal Ashik, Nafis Ali Azim Muhammad, Khatun Romena. Pattern of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Their Management Plan. Annals of International Medical and Dental Research. 2024 Jul; 10(4): 49-56