Five Pond-centred Outbreaks of Cholera in Villages of West Bengal, India: Evidence for Focused Interventions.

dc.contributor.authorMukherjee, Rita
dc.contributor.authorHalder, Debasish
dc.contributor.authorSaha, Subhasish
dc.contributor.authorShyamali, Rudra
dc.contributor.authorSubhranshu, Chakrabarti
dc.contributor.authorRamakrishnan, R
dc.contributor.authorMurhekar, Manoj V
dc.contributor.authorHutin, Yvan J
dc.date.accessioned2016-02-20T07:48:23Z
dc.date.available2016-02-20T07:48:23Z
dc.date.issued2011-10
dc.description.abstractIn rural West Bengal, outbreaks of cholera are often centred around ponds that is a feature of the environment. Five investigations of laboratory-confirmed, pond-centred outbreaks of cholera were reviewed. Case-control odds ratios were approximated with relative risks (RRs) as the incidence was low. The environment was investigated to understand how the pond(s) could have become contaminated and could have infected villagers. The five outbreaks of cholera in 2004-2008 led to 277 cases and three deaths (median attack rate: 51/1,000 people; case fatality: 1.1%; median age of case-patients: 22 years; median duration: 13 days, range: 6-15 days). Factors significantly (p<0.05) associated with cholera in the case-control (n=4) and cohort investigations (n=1) included washing utensils in ponds (4 outbreaks of cholera, RR range: 6-12), bathing (3 outbreaks of cholera, RR range: 3.5-9.3), and exposure to pond water, including drinking (2 outbreaks of cholera, RR range: 2.1-3.2), mouth washing (1 outbreak of cholera, RR: 4.8), and cooking (1 outbreak of cholera, RR: 3.0). Initial case-patients contaminated ponds through washing soiled clothes (n=4) or defaecation (n=1). Ubiquitous ponds used for many purposes transmit cholera in West Bengal. Focused health education, hygiene, and sanitation must protect villagers, particularly following the occurrence of an index case in a village that has ponds.en_US
dc.identifier.citationMukherjee Rita, Halder Debasish, Saha Subhasish, Shyamali Rudra, Subhranshu Chakrabarti, Ramakrishnan R, Murhekar Manoj V, Hutin Yvan J. Five Pond-centred Outbreaks of Cholera in Villages of West Bengal, India: Evidence for Focused Interventions. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 2011 Oct; 29(5): 421-428.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1606-0997
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/173632
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.source.urihttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3225103/?report=classicen_US
dc.subjectCase-control studiesen_US
dc.subjectCholeraen_US
dc.subjectCohort studiesen_US
dc.subjectCross-sectional studiesen_US
dc.subjectDisease outbreaksen_US
dc.subjectEnvironmenten_US
dc.subjectHygieneen_US
dc.subjectPonden_US
dc.subjectRetrospective studiesen_US
dc.subjectSanitationen_US
dc.subjectWater pollutionen_US
dc.subjectIndiaen_US
dc.titleFive Pond-centred Outbreaks of Cholera in Villages of West Bengal, India: Evidence for Focused Interventions.en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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