Characterization of in vitro antimicrobial activity of gyrophoric acid isolated from Parmotrema indicum on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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dc.contributor.authorLe, TTen_US
dc.contributor.authorDuong, HTen_US
dc.contributor.authorNguyen, CHen_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-30T11:20:29Z
dc.date.available2024-11-30T11:20:29Z
dc.date.issued2024-03
dc.description.abstractMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a group of pathogenic bacteria associated with hard-to-treat infections in humans, which require new, effective antibiotics for treatment. In the search for new candidates for antibiotics against MRSA, we investigated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of gyrophoric acid isolated from the lichen Parmotrema indicum on MRSA. Gyrophoric acid exerted antimicrobial activity mainly on Gram-positive bacteria and one fungal strain, Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value for MRSA was 32 µg/ml, and at 8 × MIC, gyrophoric acid showed a bactericidal effect on MRSA after 24 hours of culture. This compound showed a low mutation frequency of 2.4 × 10?9 by a single-step resistance test. Gyrophoric acid expressed a synergistic effect with the antibiotic ampicillin that reduced 16-fold the MIC value of ampicillin on MRSA. Gyrophoric acid showed selective toxicity towards MRSA other than human cell lines, with the selective index ranging from 5.43-fold to 8.78-fold. Biofilm formation of MRSA was inhibited by gyrophoric acid starting from the concentration of 2 × MIC, and the biofilm inhibition was 94% at 16 × MIC of gyrophoric acid. The morphology of MRSA under treatment with gyrophoric acid showed a demolition of the cell envelope of the strain revealed by scanning electron microscope. The results of this study proved that gyrophoric acid is a good compound in the “hit validation and declaration” stage of the development procedure of a new antibiotic candidate for MRSA infection treatment.en_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsFaculty of Biology-Biotechnology, University of Science, VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Center for Research and Application in Bioscience, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnamen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsFaculty of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnamen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsFaculty of Biology-Biotechnology, University of Science, VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnamen_US
dc.identifier.citationLe TT, Duong HT, Nguyen CH. Characterization of in vitro antimicrobial activity of gyrophoric acid isolated from Parmotrema indicum on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2024 Mar; 14(3): 45-54en_US
dc.identifier.issn2231-3354
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/237577
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherOpen Science Publishers LLPen_US
dc.relation.issuenumber3en_US
dc.relation.volume14en_US
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2024.163764en_US
dc.subjectGyrophoric aciden_US
dc.subjectantimicrobial activityen_US
dc.subjectMRSAen_US
dc.subjectParmotrema indicumen_US
dc.subjectselective bacterial toxicity.en_US
dc.titleCharacterization of in vitro antimicrobial activity of gyrophoric acid isolated from Parmotrema indicum on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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