Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia – A Diagnostic Dilemma
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Date
2025-02
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Akshantala Enterprises Private Limited
Abstract
PMD (Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia) is a rare, benign cystic lesion of the placental stroma generally categorized by placentomegaly and enlargement of chorionic villi. It is significantly associated with severe intrauterine growth restriction and intrauterine fetal demise. We present a case of a 31-year-old gravida 2 para 1 with previous intrauterine fetal death at 28 weeks with no fetal movements. Post-fetal expulsion, the placenta was sent for histopathology, which reported placental mesenchymal dysplasia. It is imperative to do a careful examination of the placenta and exclude rare cases of placental pathologies. PMD is associated with severe IUGR with fetal demise. PMD is a rare, benign, cystic disorder of the placenta. It is often misdiagnosed as a partial hydatidiform mole.[1] However, placental mesenchymal dysplasia is diploid in nature with normal trophoblast, while partial hydatidiform mole is triploid in nature with trophoblastic hyperplasia. The incidence of PMD is 0.02% in pregnancies.[2] PMD is associated with severe fetal growth restriction or fetal demise.[3] In few reported cases of PMD, there is a correlation to a pathogenic heterozygous variant in one of the genes. Hence, genetic counselling is important for future pregnancy care.
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Vijayakumar Meghana D, V Madhushree, Honne Deepthi, Ganguli Aparna . Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia – A Diagnostic Dilemma . Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences. 2025 Feb; 14(1): 3-5