Residual immune dysregulation in human immunodeficiency virus infection: implications for hypersensitivity

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dc.contributor.authorPake, IARen_US
dc.contributor.authorWidiasa, AAMen_US
dc.contributor.authorSuryana, Ken_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-18T11:13:49Z
dc.date.available2025-06-18T11:13:49Z
dc.date.issued2025-06
dc.description.abstractResidual immune dysregulation persists in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV) despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), characterized by chronic immune activation and imbalances in immune responses that increase the risk of allergic conditions such as drug hypersensitivity, atopic dermatitis (AD), and asthma. This literature review explores the mechanisms underlying immune dysregulation in PLWHIV and its implications for hypersensitivity reactions. HIV infection shifts the immune response from Th1 to Th2, increasing cytokine production, particularly IL-4 and IL-13, and elevating IgE levels, contributing to allergic reactions. Drug hypersensitivity, especially to nevirapine and abacavir, occurs more frequently in PLWHIV, with a higher risk of severe conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The management of allergies in PLWHIV remains challenging due to persistent immune dysregulation, limited therapeutic options, and the lack of specific clinical guidelines. Understanding these immunological changes is crucial for developing better strategies for allergy prevention and management in this populationen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wangaya General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsMahasaraswati University of Indonesia/Wangaya Regional General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Internal Medicine, Merpati Clinic, HIV Unit and Clinical Immunology Allergy, Wangaya General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesiaen_US
dc.identifier.citationPake IAR, Widiasa AAM, Suryana K. Residual immune dysregulation in human immunodeficiency virus infection: implications for hypersensitivity. International Journal of Advances in Medicine. 2025 Jun; 12(3): 323-328en_US
dc.identifier.issn2349-3925
dc.identifier.issn2349-3933
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/248368
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherMedip Academyen_US
dc.relation.issuenumber3en_US
dc.relation.volume12en_US
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20250722en_US
dc.subjectHIVen_US
dc.subjectImmune dysregulationen_US
dc.subjectHypersensitivityen_US
dc.subjectAllergyen_US
dc.subjectAntiretroviral therapyen_US
dc.titleResidual immune dysregulation in human immunodeficiency virus infection: implications for hypersensitivityen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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