Beyond chemotherapy: Emerging targets and combination therapies for triple-negative breast cancer

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dc.contributor.authorJoneckson, Nen_US
dc.contributor.authorMsemakweli, JG.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-18T11:57:30Z
dc.date.available2025-06-18T11:57:30Z
dc.date.issued2025-01
dc.description.abstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive and heterogeneous subcategory of breast cancer characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC accounts for approximately 15%–20% of all breast cancer cases and mostly affects the younger female population, with the majority being from African and Hispanic lineages. Up to now, TNBC has been handled by a few lines of options, mainly chemotherapy, which alone leads to less-than-optimal outcomes in the absence of hormonal or HER2-targeted therapies. In recent years, important steps forward in the elucidation of the molecular and genetic characteristics of TNBC have been achieved, including the identification of new therapeutic targets. This review discusses several key emerging therapeutic targets, including but not limited to immune checkpoint inhibitors, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, androgen receptor inhibitors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors, and agents targeting DNA damage repair mechanisms. A number of new therapeutic options epitomizing this paradigm shift in the treatment of TNBC are outlined here, offering new hope for more effective and personalized therapies. Combination therapies that may improve treatment effectiveness and eventually overcome resistance are discussed. The study also outlines the challenges posed by resistance mechanisms, tumor heterogeneity, and the identification of predictive biomarkers and provides statements regarding the future direction of therapy in TNBC, with a focus on personalized medicine.en_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzanien_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzaniaen_US
dc.identifier.citationJoneckson N, Msemakweli JG.. Beyond chemotherapy: Emerging targets and combination therapies for triple-negative breast cancer . International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health. 2025 Jan; 11(1): 1-7en_US
dc.identifier.issn2277-338X
dc.identifier.issn2320-4664
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/249724
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherEldaghayes Publisheren_US
dc.relation.issuenumber1en_US
dc.relation.volume11en_US
dc.source.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.5455/IJMSPH.2025.v11.i1.1en_US
dc.subjectTriple-negative breast canceren_US
dc.subjectImmune checkpoint inhibitorsen_US
dc.subjectPARP inhibitorsen_US
dc.subjectPI3K/AKT/mTOR pathwayen_US
dc.subjectAndrogen receptor inhibitors.en_US
dc.titleBeyond chemotherapy: Emerging targets and combination therapies for triple-negative breast canceren_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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