Evaluation of Etiopathology and Management of Primary and Secondary Amenorrhea in Adolescent and Young Women in North Indian Population
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Date
2024-12
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Publisher
Society for Scientific Research
Abstract
Background: Amenorrhea, the absence of menstruation, is categorized into primary (before menarche) and secondary (after menarche) forms, with significant implications for female reproductive health. Methods: This observational study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George’s Medical University, assessed the etiological factors and management of amenorrhea in adolescent and young women aged 11-24 years from January 2020 to January 2021. Results: Out of 73 participants, 42.46% were diagnosed with primary amenorrhea, while 57.54% had secondary amenorrhea. Mullerian anomalies were identified as the leading cause of primary amenorrhea, accounting for 83.8% of cases. Other causes included imperforate hymen (9.67%), constitutional delay (9.27%), androgen insensitivity syndrome (3.23%), and Turner variant (3.23%). In contrast, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) emerged as the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea, observed in 80.95% of cases, followed by hyperprolactinemia (7.14%), hypothyroidism (7.14%), premature ovarian failure (2.38%), and Asherman syndrome (2.38%). Management strategies were tailored to the underlying etiology, with surgical interventions such as vaginoplasty (48.39%), septum excision (3.23%), and cruciate incision (9.68%) being the primary treatments for structural causes of primary amenorrhea. For secondary amenorrhea, out of 42 cases 34 PCOS and 1 premature ovarian failure patient i.e. 83.34% were particularly treated by lifestyle modification and cyclical E+P therapy, 1(2.38%) by Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis for Ashman’s Syndrome, 3(7.14) by cabergoline treatment for hyperprolactinemia and 3 (7.14%) hypothyroidism by thyroxin treatment. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of early diagnosis and individualized treatment to enhance reproductive health outcomes in affected women. The findings also emphasize the need for further research to evaluate long-term outcomes and refine management protocols for both primary and secondary amenorrhea, ultimately aiming to improve patient care and fertility prospects.
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Keywords
Amenorrhea, adolescent, Management, Etiopathology, Women
Citation
Deo S, Singh S, Kumari P, Agarwal M, Ali W, Nigam N.. Evaluation of Etiopathology and Management of Primary and Secondary Amenorrhea in Adolescent and Young Women in North Indian Population . SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences. 2024 Dec; 10(6): 6398-6405