Beyond photography: Evaluation of the consumer digital camera to identify strabismus and anisometropia by analyzing the Bruckner's reflex.
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Date
2013-10
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Abstract
Amblyopia screening is often either costly or laborious. We
evaluated the Canon Powershot TX1 (CPTX1) digital camera
as an efficient screener for amblyogenic risk factors (ARF).
We included 138 subjects: 84‑amblyopes and 54‑normal. With
the red‑eye‑reduction feature off, we obtained Bruckner reflex
photographs of different sized crescents which suggested
anisometropia, while asymmetrical brightness indicated
strabismus; symmetry implied normalcy. Eight sets of randomly
arranged 138 photographs were made. After training, 8
personnel, marked each as normal or abnormal. Of the 84
amblyopes, 42 were strabismus alone (SA), 36 had anisometropia
alone (AA) while six were mixed amblyopes (MA). Overall
mean sensitivity for amblyopes was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83‑0.89) and
specificity 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77‑0.93). Sub‑group analyses on SA,
AA and MA returned sensitivities of 0.86, 0.89 and 0.69, while
specificities were 0.85 for all three. Overall Cohen’s Kappa was
0.66 (95% CI: 0.62‑0.71). The CPTX1 appears to be a feasible
option to screen for ARF, although results need to be validated
on appropriate age groups.
Description
Keywords
Amblyopia, anisometropia, digital camera, photoscreening, strabismus
Citation
Bani Sadat A O, Amitava Abadan K, Sharma Richa, Danish Alam. Beyond photography: Evaluation of the consumer digital camera to identify strabismus and anisometropia by analyzing the Bruckner's reflex. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2013 Oct ; 61(10): 608-611.