T cell costimulation, checkpoint inhibitors and anti-tumor therapy

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dc.contributor.authorNandi, Dipankaren_US
dc.contributor.authorPathak, Sanmoyen_US
dc.contributor.authorVerma, Taruen_US
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Madhulikaen_US
dc.contributor.authorChattopadhyay, Aviken_US
dc.contributor.authorThakur, Samriddhien_US
dc.contributor.authorRaghavan, Abinayaen_US
dc.contributor.authorGokhroo, Abhijeeten_US
dc.contributor.authorOwjfard, Vijayamahanteshen_US
dc.date.accessioned2020-11-18T10:14:22Z
dc.date.available2020-11-18T10:14:22Z
dc.date.issued2020-03
dc.description.abstractThe hallmarks of the adaptive immune response are specificity and memory. The cellular response is mediatedby T cells which express cell surface T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize peptide antigens in complex withmajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen presenting cells (APCs). However, binding ofcognate TCRs with MHC-peptide complexes alone (signal 1) does not trigger optimal T cell activation. Inaddition to signal 1, the binding of positive and negative costimulatory receptors to their ligands modulates Tcell activation. This complex signaling network prevents aberrant activation of T cells. CD28 is the mainpositive costimulatory receptor on naı¨ve T cells; upon activation, CTLA4 is induced but reduces T cellactivation. Further studies led to the identification of additional negative costimulatory receptors known ascheckpoints, e.g. PD1. This review chronicles the basic studies in T cell costimulation that led to the discoveryof checkpoint inhibitors, i.e. antibodies to negative costimulatory receptors (e.g. CTLA4 and PD1) whichreduce tumor growth. This discovery has been recognized with the award of the 2018 Nobel prize in Physiology/Medicine. This review highlights the structural and functional roles of costimulatory receptors, themechanisms by which checkpoint inhibitors work, the challenges encountered and future prospects.en_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsCentre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Undergraduate Program, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.citationNandi Dipankar, Pathak Sanmoy, Verma Taru, Singh Madhulika, Chattopadhyay Avik, Thakur Samriddhi, Raghavan Abinaya, Gokhroo Abhijeet, Owjfard Vijayamahantesh. T cell costimulation, checkpoint inhibitors and anti-tumor therapy. Journal of Biosciences. 2020 Mar; : 1-36en_US
dc.identifier.issn0250-5991
dc.identifier.issn0973-7138
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/214313
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherIndian Academy of Sciencesen_US
dc.relation.volume45en_US
dc.source.urihttps://dx.doi.org//10.1007/s12038-020-0020-2en_US
dc.subjectCostimulationen_US
dc.subjectCTLA4en_US
dc.subjectimmunotherapyen_US
dc.subjectPD1en_US
dc.subjectT cell biologyen_US
dc.titleT cell costimulation, checkpoint inhibitors and anti-tumor therapyen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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