Assessment of radiation exposure: An in-depth analysis of dose evaluation in contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen imaging
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Date
2025-06
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National Academy of Medical Sciences
Abstract
Objectives: The advancement of diagnostic imaging highlights the critical role of computed tomography (CT) scans in disease diagnosis. contrast- enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen is widely utilized for detailed visualization of abdominal structures. However, it entails exposure to ionizing radiation, raising concerns, particularly regarding cancer risk. The radiation dose from CECT varies based on scan parameters, patient size, and imaging protocols. Medical professionals aim to optimize scanning parameters to minimize radiation exposure while preserving diagnostic quality. The objective of this study was to assess the variance in estimated doses received during CECT abdomen scans. Material and Methods: Data from patients undergoing CECT abdomen from March 2023 to March 2024, including volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP), were analyzed by a medical physicist and Radiation Safety Officer. Mean and cumulative doses were calculated using CTDIvol and DLP, with the effective dose determined using total DLP and a k-factor of 0.015 for the abdomen. Results: This study comprised 296 patients (211 males and 85 females), primarily presenting with abdominal symptoms, with an age range of 18–85 years. Mean CTDIvol varied from 5 mGy to 26.42 mGy in males and from 4.96 mGy to 21.9 mGy in females, with similar trends observed in DLP values and effective doses. Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference in radiation dose by sex, though variations in effective dose were noted, possibly due to differences in exposure parameters and patient demographics. Conclusion: While CECT scans effectively diagnose abdominal conditions, they do pose radiation risks. Radiology departments should monitor doses, standardized protocols, refine imaging techniques, and collaborate to ensure safety. Diagnostic reference levels are crucial for balancing the need for diagnostic information with the necessity to minimize patient exposure to radiation.
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Keywords
Contrast enhanced computed tomography, Computed tomography dose index, Dose-Length product, Dose, Effective dose
Citation
Aryal B, Bhat MR, Wani AA, Islam JU.. Assessment of radiation exposure: An in-depth analysis of dose evaluation in contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen imaging. Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India). 2025 Jun; 61(2): 113-117