Postgraduate Institute of Medicine: Colombo University

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Browsing Postgraduate Institute of Medicine: Colombo University by Subject "Accidents"

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    Road traffic accidents in the Kandy police area and its economic implications
    (Post Graduate Institute of Medicine, Colombo: PGIM., 2001) Dharmaratne, SD
    1520 vehicles were involved in these 949 accidents.The commonest vehicle to be involved was the van (26.1 per cent) while the motor car was second. The public transport vehicles,which comprised private (PVT) bus, Sri Lanka Transport board (SLTB) bus and the three wheeler (TW) accounted for 35.3 per cent of all the vehicles. Only 4.5 per cent motorcycles (MCs) and 0.7 per cent pedal cycles being involved in these accidents may reflect their low use in the study area. These accidents killed or injured 353 road users. The commonest road user to be injured was the pedestrain (53.6 per cent) followed by the passanger (27.2 per cent).These accidents killed ten (2.8 per cent) road users and grievously injured 75 (21.2 per cent) road users.The total estimated cost of the 949 accidents was Rs.359,87,336.61 with the fatal accidents being most costly (Rs. 181,55,250.82). As road user error was identified as the main cause of these RTAs, in the prevention of them this has to be addressed. One important,practical and affordable measure in this aspect is the prevention of the pedestrain coming into contact with the motor vehicle.Therefore, keeping the pedestrians away from the road areas reserved for motor vehicle as far as possible and insisting that buses have closed doors when they are in motion are some of the recommendations made based on this study.
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    Socioeconomic and Behavioural risk factors of home accidents in a rural area of Sri Lanka
    (Post Graduate Institute of Medicine, Colombo: PGIM., 1992) KUMARASIRI, PVR
    This study was under taken as there are no properly conducted community based study on home accidents in Sri Lanka. This study was conducted in three parts, a descriptive one, a prospective one and a case control one. The descriptive study covering a cluster sample of 4450 rural individuals from the Kegalle districts, revealed a prevalence of 8.2 percent for nome accidents. The rate was slightly higher for males than females. It was higher among the under 05 age group, tended to decline with increasing age up to 60 years. The prevalence was slightly higher among the over 60 age group. 23 percent of the home accidents reported during the study period did not result in injury. 64 percent resulted in mild injuries, 13.1 percent resulted in moderate injuries and only one accident led to serious injury. The common accidents among the less educated people were falls on the same level. Falls from height, cuts and objects fallen on the body, while these among more educated people were cut injuries and struck in between objects. More than 80 percent of all nome accident events took place in between 6.00 am and 4.00pm, nearly half of them were occurring between 9.00 am and 10,00am and 2.00pm and 4.00pm. the prospective study conducted on a random sample of 586, 01 to 14 years children, showed that the incidence of home accidents was 827.6 for 1000 children over a period of three months. Girls had more accidentsthan boys and the smaller children had more accidents than older. the socio economic and demographic factors identified by the study as ris factors were age, sex, birth order, number of under 15's living at home, age of the mother, educational level of the mother, monthly percapita income of the family, household lighting, sopcial class and the condition of the house. the case control study was undertaken on 105 pairs of 05 to 10 year old children for the purpose of relating the behaviour to the risj of home accidents. The results revealed that the children with behavioural problems had a 3.9 times higher risk of home accidents than those with normal behaviour.
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    A Study of some factors, influencing home accidents in children, requiring hospitalization
    (Post Graduate Institute of Medicine, Colombo: PGIM ., 1991) ATHAUDA, GATK
    Two hundred children admitted at the Lady Ridgeway hospital after a home accident were compared with a control group of 200 children, admitted at the same hospital for a cause other than an injury. The socio-demographic characteristics, physical and psychosocial environment of the child and child care arrangements were compared between the two groups. there was no significant difference between the socio-demographic characteristics of the parents among the cases and controls. Increased risk in the physical environment was no found in the cases compared to controls. When the psycho-social environment was considered, more accident cases had serious physical illness of the father (p\<.01), negative attitudes of the mothers towards the child and abnormal behaviour of the child (\<.05) than the control children. Mothers of the cases spent less time at home than the controls (p\<.0001) and the child care arrangments were less satisfactory. The commenest method of injury was falls (43.5 per cent) with a variety of other injuries. According to this study the most important risk factors influencing home accidents in children are inadequate birth spacing, and insufficient time spent by the mother at home and the negative attitude of the mother towards the child. All these factors highlight the importance of the qualify of child care as a contributory factor towards home accidents.
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    A Study of treatment cost and some related factors contributing to road traffic accidents
    (Post Graduate Institute of Medicine, Colombo: PGIM ., 1992) DE LANEROLLE, DL
    This study comprise 225 road traffic accident patients admitted consequently to Accident Service Unit at Colombo South General Hospital. Factors associated with road traffic accidents and their treatment cost were studied. Patients were interviewed to get socio demographic factors related to toad accidents and they were followed up in the ward to get the information regarding the treatment. 48.44 per cent of all the accidents were in the age group between 21-40 years. Out of all road traffic accident patients males comprised 73.3 per cent while females were only 26.6 per cent. Peak hour of accidents (34 per cent) took place between 3pm and 6pm. Pedestrians ranked first (47.55per cent) among road users in the road accidents and ther were at fault in 31.8 per cent instances due to lack of care. Commenest sites of injuries were seen as head and neck, and lower limbs. Of the total treatment cost 30.11 per cent were on drugs and dressings while Accident Service staff salary accounted for 25.85 per cent. The highest cost was treating pedestrian victims. Treating fracture Tibia/Fibula ranked first (Rs. 9363/=) among other types of fractures. Average cost for a patient per day is Rs.290.00 and average total cost for a month treating all road traffic accident patients were Rs. 119,480/=