Browsing by Author "Yarlagadda, Padmaja"
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Item Etiology of opportunistic respiratory tract infections in patients suffering with HIV/AIDS from a tertiary care hospital, Chinakakani, Andhra Pradesh.(2015-08) Yarlagadda, Padmaja; Yenigalla, Bindu Madhav; Simgamsetty, Susmitha; Myneni, Ramesh BabuBackground: HIV infection / AIDS is a global pandemic with cases reported from every part of the globe. India currently harbours 20.89 Lakh of HIV infected patients. Opportunistic infections (OI’s) and cancers have been recognized as common complications of HIV infection. The present study has been taken up with an aim to know the incidence of various opportunistic infections in HIV positive patients attending our hospital for either medical / surgical treatment. Methods: One hundred patients who were known to be infected with HIV having pulmonary symptoms, who were clinically diagnosed to have lower respiratory tract infections are included in the study. Early morning sputum samples were obtained from the patients and are sent to the Department of Microbiology for isolation and identification of infectious agents. All the samples were processed as per standard guidelines for Bacterial, Mycobacterial and Fungal cultures. Results: All the sputum samples were subjected to bacteriological, Mycobacterial and fungal cultures. Most of the samples grew either monomicorbial or polymicrobial bacterial cultures associated with either Mycobacterial or fungal pathogens. Out of 100 samples, 32 were positive for single pathogenic organisms and 68 were positive for polymicrobial organisms. The bacterial flora isolated in the present study includes Staphylococcus aureus (32.38%) followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (17.14%), Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CONS) (15.23%), Streptococcus spp (12.38%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.57%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.7%), Acinetobater spp (3.8%) and Escherichia coli (3.8%). Antibiotic sensitivity for all the bacterial isolates were performed where Linezolid was the most sensitive drug in case of Gram Positive Organisms and Imipenem in case of Gram Negative Organisms. Conclusion: Education, counseling and behavior modification are important issues which are the need of the hour and concerted effort from every organization and individual is requested to save us from the brink of this inevitable disastrous pandemic called AIDS, which will be undoubtedly the scourge of this century.Item Study of seroprevalance of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus and Cytomegalovirus (ToRC) infections in antenatal women presented with bad obstetric history and comparative evaluation of Nanoplex ToRCH screen ELISA kit with VIDAS.(2015-05) Simgamsetty, Susmitha; Yarlagadda, Padmaja; Yenigalla, Bindu Madhav; Myneni, Ramesh BabuBackground: Infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus and Cytomegalovirus are major causes of Bad Obstetric History (BOH). Cause of BOH may be genetic, hormonal, abnormal maternal immune response, and maternal infection. Women affected with any of these diseases during pregnancy are at high risk for miscarriage, stillbirth, or for a child with serious birth defects and/or illness and also a hazard to attending staff nurses. Methods: A total 96 serum samples were collected from antenatal women with BOH attending the out-patient services of department of gynaecology at NRI general hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. Serum samples were obtained and were subjected to screening for Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies of Toxopalsma gondii, Rubella Virus and CMV infections by VIDAS (bioMerieux, France) and Nanoplex ToRCH Screen kit [Lilac Medicare (P) Ltd, Maharastra, India]. Results: Majority of cases with BOH were found in females aged 18-23 years (25, 52.08%) followed by 24-29 years (18, 37.5%). Congenital anomalies and other complications were found to be more in age group 18-23 years followed by 24-29 years. The disease prevalence as studied with respect to IgM antibodies was found to be 31.25% for Cytomegalovirus Infections, 23.96% for Toxoplasma gondii, 21.88% for Rubella virus infections. The overall agreement in the Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) between VIDAS and Nanoplex ToRCH Screen kit for the detection of specific IgM and IgG antibodies in our study was excellent with sensitivity ranging from 90.91%-96.00% and specificity ranging from 89.47%-95.59% for the detection of IgM& IgG antibodies. The discrepancies were relatively less with 8.3% for CMV IgM, 6.2% for CMV IgG, 5.20% for Rubella IgM, 6.25% for Rubella IgG, 6.25% for Toxo IgM and 5.20% for Toxo IgG. Conclusion: Nanoplex ToRCH Screen Kit is a cheap, cost effective, efficient and innovative alternate for the diagnosis of ToRCH infections. As the technology is new, it needs to be further explored bring out various multiplex kits for diagnosing other infectious diseases.