Browsing by Author "Srivastava, A.N."

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    Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Gene Rearrangement Detection Using Fluorescene In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) In Lung Cancer Prognostication
    (Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, 2016-07) Singh, Alok; Srivastava, A.N.; Singh, Pooja
    Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. It is increasing at a very fast rate in both men and women. Some significant mutations occurring at molecular level in lung adenocarcinoma, like ALK, EGFR, KRAS, MET, and, ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene mutations for an ALK encoded transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase domain and subsequently participating in the progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma (NSCLC). Some fusion partner genes involved in this process are EML-4, KLC1, KIF5B and TFG. The ALK-EML-4 rearrangement is the second most common oncogenic mutation in the nonsmall cell lung adenocarcinoma. There is 3-7% ALK mutation occurring in early or never-smokers in accompanying NSCLC. The NSCLC with ALK gene mutation generally do not have EGFR or KRAS gene mutation which are also molecular markers, which get mutated in cancer. For the detection of ALK mutation in NSCLC, different types of techniques like Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH), Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) are being used. On the basis of sensitivity and specificity, FISH is gold standard in detecting the mutation when compared with other methodologies like IHC and RT- PCR. However in the Indian setting, FISH is more expensive and hence not available everywhere. In this review the efficacy of these different techniques in detecting ALK mutation and the detailed interpretation of results obtained with FISH has been discussed. For the treatment of ALK/MET mutated NSCLC patients an orally administered drug, crizotinib drug (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) has been approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of United States. Highly sensitive and specific techniques are used for the detection of ALK gene mutation in NSCLC patients which have to be given for crizotinib treatment.
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    Cancer Cell Viability And Survival In Vitro As Function Of Cell Surface Electric Charge : An Analytical Study
    (Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, 2015-07) Khan, Mohsin Ali; Ahmad, Rumana; Srivastava, A.N.
    Electrical charge is an indicator of the cellular state of health. In cells, the cell membrane is a leaky dielectric. Capacitors are composed of two conducting sheets separated by a thin layer of insulating material known as a dielectric. Cells contain several forms of biological capacitors, which consist of an insulating material (the membrane) covered on both sides by collection of charged dissolved minerals, which serve the function similar to a conducting metal plate. This means that any condition, illness or change in dietary intake that affects the composition of the cell membranes and their associated minerals can affect and alter cellular capacitance. Healthy cells have a higher whole cell and cytoplasm conductivity and higher membrane capacitance than the malignant cells. The electric charge of cell membranes of mammals is negative at physiological pH. It is well-known that surface of cancer and tumor cells carry negative charge in excess to that of normal cells which is responsible for their increased mobility and invasiveness. The high negative surface charge on malignant cells and trophoblasts may mediate the lack of immune rejection of these cells. Thus, neutralizing or removing the tumor cell negative charge may allow negatively charged lymphocytes to approach and destroy them and thereby, the viability and survival of the cancer cells may be affected at least in vitro. The present study serves to - test this hypothesis on invasive human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 (ER ) using specially designed and constructed combination of circuits. Preliminary results showed that out of the 8 designed circuits, sets 1, 2 and 7 were able to produce significant growth inhibition of MDA cells in vitro. The application of electrostatic field through specially designed circuits is unique and has never been reported previously. Our long-term goal is to develop a minimally invasive device that will selectively target and destroy both metastatic and non-metastatic cancer cells in humans. Better understanding of effect of decreasing surface charge density of tumor cells may lead to device effective treatment strategy of human tumors in future.
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    Intraarticular Involvement By Synovial Sarcoma: First Diagnosed On Synovial Fluid Aspiration
    (Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, 2019-01) Irfan, Sumaiya; Tandon, Nishi; Panwar, Sneha; Srivastava, A.N.
    Synovial Sarcoma is a soft tissue neoplasm having incidence 6%- 10%.Malignant cells in synovial fluid aspiration is extremely rare. Only 5%cases have been reported to have joint cavity involvement. We report a case of synovial fluid malignant effusion of knee joint in a 35 year old male who presented with a left popliteal fossa swelling. Synovial fluid aspiration revealed tumor cell clusters with anaplastic morphology .Subsequent biopsy showed spindle cell tumor consistent with synovial sarcoma. This is a rare presentation of synovial sarcoma with the presence of malignant cells in synovial fluid
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    Lung Cancer Stem Cells-An Update
    (Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, 2017-01) Srivastava, A.N.; Tiwari, Neema; Yadav, Shailendra; Suryakant
    Lung cancer is regarded as one of the most common cancers in the world with a worldwide occurrence of approximately 1.8 million cases and an estimated mortality of 1.6 million in 2012 alone.1 In the United States, there are approximately 2,25,000 new cases of lung cancer with over 1,60,000 deaths annually. Lung cancer is a very serious problem of the Indian subcontinent, especially in the lower socioeconomic subgroups. In India lung carcinoma is the 5th most common tumor and 2nd most common tumor in the males as per the ICMR [Indian Council Of Medical Research] registry of 2002.It accounts for 6.9% of new cancer cases detected each year.3 The importance of study of stem cells and cancer stem cells lays in CSC acting as prognostic and therapeutic markers. It is a known fact that there are innate stem cells present in the lining of the bronchial epithelium, at the carina and alveolar lining which help in regeneration of lungs post injury , however there are present similar cells which post driver mutations are christened CSC and help in cancer survival, growth and chemo resistance. CSC also known as “cancer stem-like cells” (CSLCs), or “tumor-initiating cells” (TICs) are heterogeneous cell population comprising of a small subpopulation of cancer cells with the property of self-renewal and differentiation. CSCs are thought to be responsible for cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance.Important CSC under study in lung are, CD 133, ALDH 1, CD 44,ABCG2 etc.
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    Salivary Egfr As Biomarker For Oral Cancer & Pre-Cancer :A Case Control Study
    (Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, 2017-01) Irfan, Sumaiya; Tandon, Nishi; Iqbal, Mohammad; Srivastava, A.N.; Lal, Nirupma; Kumar, Vijay
    Oral cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer in India, new diagnostic modalities for early diagnosis and treatment will increase the survival of the patients. The present study was carried out with an aim to evaluate salivary levels of EGFR in oral cancer and pre-cancer as tumor marker. For this purpose an observational case-control study was carried out in which a total of 72 subjects were enrolled.Of these 24 (33.3%) were patients of premalignant oral lesions and 24 (33.3%) were patients of malignant oral lesions& 24 (33.3%) subjects were normal healthy controls. Demographic information and clinical data was obtained, estimation for EGFR was performed in saliva. In premalignant cases, buccal mucosa was the most common site involved (87.50%) whereas in malignant cases tongue was the most common site involved (n=10;41.67%). Mean salivary EGFR levels were higher in malignant cases (0.23±0.17 pg/ml) and low in controls (0.10±0.19 pg/ml). Mean EGFR levels in premalignant cases were 0.12±0.22 pg/ml. statistically, this difference was not significant (p=0.052). Statistically, no significant difference in mean EGFR levels among different TNM stages could be seen (p=0.145). EGFR levels showed a potential to discriminate between malignant and premalignanat cases but this difference was statistical insignificant due to lower sample size.
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    Walthard Cell Rest Over Fallopian Tube Mimicking? Brenner Tumor- A Curious & Interesting Case Report
    (Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, 2015-01) Gupta, Parul; Irfan, Sumaiya; Siddiqui, Aqwam; Gupta, Pankhudi; Goel, Neeru; Srivastava, A.N.
    Walthard cell rests are benign cluster of epithelial cells found in connective tissue of fallopian tubes and also seen in the mesovarium, mesosalpinx and ovarian hilus. It was proposed that Walthard cell rests may be a source of Brenner's tumor or primary urothelial cell carcinoma because of similar histogenetic origin of their cells. Here we report a case which not only during gross examination showed peculiar peritubal glistening tiny nodules but also demonstrated attention grabbing clusters of cell on histopathology, mimicking ? A tumor. A diagnosis of Walthard cell rest was made. One should always consider a differential diagnosis as Brenner's tumor (primary) or serosal implant from gynaecological, genitourinary or other tumors before making a confirmatory diagnosis of Walthard cell rest.