Browsing by Author "Singhal, K C"
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Item 5/6/7/8 mono or disubstituted 1H/1-phenyl-9H-pyrido [3,4 b] indoles--a new class of antifilarial agents and their relationship with voltage sensitive calcium channels in Setaria cervi.(1998-09-17) Kapoor, S; Singhal, K CSynthetic compounds of 5/6/7/8 mono or disubstituted 1H/1-phenyl-9H pyrido (3,4 b) indole series were screened for their antifilarial activity in vitro by observing their effect on the spontaneous movements of the whole worm and nerve muscle preparation of S. cervi (Nematoda:Filarioidea). Of the 10 compounds tested only compound 87/581 was able to modify the movements of whole worm and nerve muscle preparation. This compound caused inhibition of spontaneous motility of whole worm and nerve muscle preparation of S. cervi characterized by initial short lasting stimulation followed by irreversible paralysis. The concentration required to inhibit the movements of n.m. preparation was 10 micrograms/ml as compared to 25 micrograms/ml for the whole worm preparation, suggesting a cuticular permeability barrier. Prior addition of compound 87/581 to the bath fluid blocked the calcium ion dependent stimulant effect of Ach and pyrantel pamoate. Further the initial stimulant effect of the compound was blocked by prior addition of nifedipine a calcium channel blocker. The findings suggest that the action is due to blockade of voltage sensitive calcium channels.Item Acetylcholine: a possible neurotransmitter in Setaria cervi.(1978-01-01) Singhal, K C; Zehra, N; Singhal, U; Saxena, P NThe total and free acetylcholine (Ach) and cholinesterase (CHE) content of adult Setaria cervi were estimated. The Ach was estimated by bioassay on rectus abdominis muscle of frog and the CHE by measuring the drop in pH following incubation of worm homogenate with Ach chloride. The free and total Ach contents (4.0 +/- 0.57 and 6.0 +/- 0.48 microgram/g wet weight of worms respectively) were as high as found in mammalian brain cortex. The cholinesterase activity was found to be 5.57 +/- 0.6 units/g wet weight of worms. It is possible that there may exist a well developed system responsible for the synthesis, storage, release and destruction of Ach and that Ach may be acting as an excitatory neurohormone in S. cervi.Item Adverse reactions to antitubercular agents.(1985-10-01) Vershney, D P; Singhal, K C; Gupta, AItem Adverse reactions to gentamycin in patients with ear, nose or throat infections.(1992-07-01) Singhal, S; Sharma, S C; Singhal, K CEighty four patients requiring treatment with Gentamycin were selected from Otorhinolaryngology outpatient and those admitted to the hospital. Patients suffering from hepatic or renal disorders, pregnant women and children were excluded from the study. Seventy three were administered gentamycin 40 mg BD intramuscularly for 7-10 days and in 11 the drug was applied topically as ear drops for 6-12 weeks. Adverse reactions were observed in 9 (13.3%) and 11 (100%) patients given the drug parenterally and topically respectively. In parenteral group incidence was higher in females as compared to males and profile included nausea and vomiting, headache, cough, tinnitis, albuminuria, diminition of hearing and vertigo. Whereas diminition of hearing acuity was observed in all those who had topical application as evidenced by pure tone audiometry.Item Adverse reactions to propranolol, a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent in hypertensive patients--a collaborative study.(1993-01-01) Garg, K C; Singhal, K C; Kumar, S; Lal, APropranolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, although prescribed frequently, has not been monitored for its adverse reactions in Indian population. A collaborative ADR monitoring study was planned in 2661 hypertensive patients. Exclusion criteria were associated circulatory insufficiency, heart block, left ventricular failure, diabetic mellitus and airway obstruction. The incidence of ADR was 2.1%, which is lower than reported incidence of 8.7 to 43.7 percent in other studies. This could be attributed to improper selection of patients, differences in methodology of monitoring, or to racial variation. In the present study ADR of fatigue (1.1%), dizziness (0.4%) and headache (0.2%) constituted the bulk. Additional reaction of pain in chest (0.2%), heart block (0.1%), hypoglycemia (0.1%), loss of libido (0.1%) and shock (0.03%), were also observed.Item Albendazole therapy in orbital cysticercosis.(1996-07-01) Srivastava, V K; Srivastava, A; Singhal, K CA patient with orbital cysticercosis is being presented, where albendazole therapy was successfully used. Serial CT scans of the lesions showed definite signs of resolution. The role of albendazole therapy in cysticercosis has been discussed. The relevant literature has been reviewed in brief.Item Alteration in the levels of pyrazinamide in pleural fluid following simultaneous administration of prednisoline in patients of tubercular pleural effusion.(1990-10-01) Wagay, A R; Singhal, K C; Bhargava, R20 Patients of tuberculous pleural effusion were administered a combination of pyrazinamide (30 mg/kg) + isoniazid (300 mg) orally for 7 consecutive days and pyrazinamide was estimated by spectrophotometric method in serum and pleural fluid. Prednisolone was added to the above regimen for next 7 consecutive days and pyrazinamide was again estimated. The level of pyrazinamide in pleural fluid was 23.4 +/- 1.2 (micrograms/ml). Following addition of prednisolone the level increased (27.6 +/- 1.3) significantly (P less than 0.001). The serum pyrazinamide level was not influenced by simultaneous administration of prednisolone. The pleural fluid/serum pyrazinamide ratio was increased from 0.465 to 0.542 by the addition of prednisolone to therapeutic regimen.Item Anthelmintic activity of berberine hydrochloride against Syphacia obvelata in mice.(1976-05-01) Singhal, K CItem Antifilarial activity of Centratherum anthelminticum seed extracts on Setaria cervi.(1992-06-01) Singhal, K C; Sharma, S; Mehta, B KEffect of aqueous and alcoholic extract of C. anthelminticum was studied on the spontaneous movements of the whole worm and nerve-muscle preparation of S. cervi. Ethylacetate, acetone and methanol extract showed similar effect, of causing inhibition of spontaneous motility of the nerve-muscle preparation of S. cervi characterized by decreased amplitude and frequency of contractions. The inhibitory effect on the motility was reversible. Further, the extracts did not involve the blockade of cholinergic receptors as evidenced by the presence of unaltered stimulant response of acetylcholine in the presence of drug in bathing fluid.Item Antifilarial activity of Mallotus philippensis Lam. on Setaria cervie (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in vitro.(1997-10-11) Singh, R; Singhal, K C; Khan, N UThe effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaves of Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg. was studied on the spontaneous movements of the whole worm and nerve-muscle (n.m.) preparation of Setaria cervi and on the survival of microfilariae in vitro. Both the extracts caused inhibition of spontaneous motility of whole worm and the n.m. preparation of S. Cervi characterized by initial stimulation followed by depression in amplitude. The tone and rate of contractions remained visibly unaffected. Aqueous extract at higher concentration showed immediate reduction in tone. The concentration required to inhibit the movements of n.m. preparation was 1/5th for aqueous and 1/11th for alcoholic extract compared to that for the whole worm, suggesting a cuticular permeability barrier. The stimulatory response of acetylcholine was blocked by aqueous extract on whole worm movements. On the microfilariae the LC50 and LC90 were 18 and 20 ng/ml for aqueous and 12 and 15 ng/ml for alcoholic extracts respectively.Item Blue sclera with fragilitas ossium.(1974-03-01) Paul, A K; Singhal, K C; Khan, N AItem Can carbofuran be of use in 'chemical control' of hook worm?(1983-01-01) Singhal, K C; Rai, PItem A clinical trial with mebendazole in ascariasis and ankylostomiasis.(1975-12-01) Singhal, K C; Gupta, M C; Saxena, P NItem Cochlear toxicity of streptomycin in man.(1989-04-01) Sharma, S C; Singhal, K CThirty five patients of either sex suffering from tuberculosis were administered streptomycin 0.75 g (im daily, upto 14 yr and above 45 yr of age) and 1 g (im daily for age 15-45 yr) with other antitubercular drugs and followed for audiological status. Five patients were dropped as they developed vestibular dysfunction. Varying degree of hearing loss was detected in 4 of 10 patients in group I (below 15 yr), in 2 of 9 patients in group II (15-45 yr) and in 6 of 11 patients in group III (above 45 yr). Cochlear toxicity of streptomycin was not found to be related to does or duration of therapy. Supportive therapy restored hearing in 2 patients of group I and 1 of group II. None of the patients in group III showed recovery. It is recommended that patients on long-term streptomycin therapy should be periodically subjected to audiometric examination to detect any hearing loss.Item Effect of diethylcarbamazine on Setaria cervi in vitro.(1978-01-01) Singhal, K C; Madan, B R; Saxena, P NDiethylcarbamazine (DEC) produced an initial stimulation followed by depression of the movements of the intact worm and nerve-muscle preparation of Setaria cervi. The effective concentration of DEC was reduced to one hundredth in the nerve-muscle preparation as compared to the whole worm, suggesting that the cuticular barrier is highly effective in preventing the penetration of the drugs. The depressant effect of DEC was concentration dependent and was not reversed even after repeated changes of the bath fluid. The worms consumed 7.7 mg +/- 0.2 glucose/g wet weight/hr. The consumption of glucose was directly proportional to its motor activity; it increased during the stimulant phase with low doses of DEC and decreased during the depressant phase.Item Effect of drugs on the nerve-muscle complex of Setaria cervi.(1977-09-01) Singhal, K C; Madan, B R; Saxena, P NItem Effect of oral zinc supplementation on copper and haemoglobin levels in pregnant women.(1994-10-01) Garg, H K; Singhal, K C; Arshad, ZIn the present study, pregnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy were randomly allocated to untreated control group (Gp A; n = 58), and zinc treated group (Gp B; n = 104). Both groups were administered ferrous sulphate 60 mg, and folic acid 5 mg, twice daily throughout the period of study. Gp B subjects were also administered 45 mg elemental zinc, in a single daily post lunch dose. Maternal blood and urine samples collected in each trimester, and at the time of delivery, and blood taken from the umbilical cord were tested for Cu levels. Maternal Hb was also estimated. In Gp A, mean serum Cu increased significantly from 117.15 +/- 2.12 micrograms/dl in I trimester to 138.57 +/- 0.92 micrograms/dl in III trimester (P < 0.001). In Gp B, serum Cu declined significantly from 115.64 +/- 1.12 micrograms/dl in I trimester to 111.10 +/- 0.99 micrograms/dl in III trimester (P < 0.001). Urinary Cu declined significantly from 47.24 +/- 2.31 micrograms/24 hrs in I trimester to 37.43 +/- 2.06 micrograms/24 hrs in III trimester (P < 0.01). Zn treatment did not alter differentially the serum Cu levels in anaemic and normohaemic subjects. Gp B cord blood serum Cu was significantly lower as compared to respective controls, significance being proportional to duration of zinc administration. Hb levels increased significantly in all subjects. Increase in Hb in Gp B was significantly higher in comparison to that in Gp A (P < 0.05). Elemental zinc when administered to pregnant women in a dose of 20-45 mg/day, causes improvement in Hb level, without leading to hypocupremia.Item Effect of simultaneous isoniazid administration on pharmacokinetic parameters of pyrazinamide.(1991-08-01) Singhal, K C; Varshney, M KPyrazinamide (PZN) was administered to 10 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis (for 7 consecutive days) each day after an overnight fast. On 8th day serum levels and urinary elimination were measured at 2,4,6 and 8 hours. Simultaneous administration of isoniazid to same patients significantly decreased the peak serum concentration (Cmax). Although, time to peak serum concentration (Tmax) remained unaffected, serum half life (t1/2) prolonged, the elimination rate constant (Kel) and area under serum concentration time curve (AUC) decreased and apparent volume of distribution (Vd) and plasma clearance (Clp) of PZN increased significantly. However, the cumulative per cent dose of PZN excreted in urine was not changed significantly. Although, serum levels of PZN were decreased at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours, PZN levels remained above minimum effective concentration thereby not affecting the therapeutic status of PZN administered in combination with isoniazid, if PZN is administered in moderate doses.Item Effects of oral lithium on the action of various C.N.S. active drugs.(1996-07-01) Awasthi, P K; Garg, H K; Srivastava, V K; Singhal, K C; Chattaraj, T; Hasan, MEffects of prolonged lithium administration was seen on the action of various psychoactive drugs in animals. Apomorphine induced pecking in pigeons increased significantly by lithium treatment for 14 days, from 1445.3 +/- 202.5 in control to 2785.8 +/- 205.8 in Gp. B. Haloperidol-induced catalepsy score in albino rats increased significantly following chronic lithium treatment compared to control. Chlorpromazine-induced hypothermia in rabbits was immediate but transient, while in lithium treated rabbits induction of hypothermia was delayed, sustained and of greater magnitude. This action of lithium may be mediated by increasing the permeability of blood-brain barrier, or enhancing the sensitivity of alpha-adrenoceptors in brain.Item Evaluation of PGE2 gel for cervical ripening and induction of labour.(1994-07-01) Veena,; Saxena, K; Singhal, K CIn a prospective study a single dose PGE2 gel 0.5 mg was given in 97 Low Bishop Score subjects, 12 hrs prior to indicated oxytocin or PGE2 tab induction for cervical ripening. Analysis of 97 subjects shows that it is very highly effective. 56 primi and 21 multi delivered spontaneously with gel administration only while 4 primi and 2 multi delivered vaginally following oxytocin and 3 more cases delivered vaginally following PGE2 tab administration and fewer caesarian section (11) were performed. The endo cervical administration of PGE2 was well tolerated and systemic PGE2 effects were minimal.
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