Browsing by Author "Singh, M K"
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Item Accidental barium aspiration in a case of progressive bulbar palsy.(1995-08-01) Jha, S; Hashmi, A A; Singh, M KItem Acid base and electrolyte disturbance in diarrhoea.(2007-01-08) Shah, G S; Das, B K; Kumar, S; Singh, M K; Bhandari, G POBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to study the frequency of electrolyte imbalance in children with diarrhoea and the relationship between electrolyte abnormalities and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective, observational hospital based study. Fifty seven children admitted to paediatric ward with diarrhoea and dehydration was evaluated for electrolyte and acid base status at presentation. The variables were analyzed using chi-square and student t- test. RESULTS: Majority (70%) of patients were below 2 years of age. There were 37 (65%) males and 20(35%) females. Electrolyte disturbance was observed in 46 (80%) patients while acid base disturbance was observed in all (100%) where the estimations were done. The major electrolyte disturbances noted were hyponatremia (56%), which was either isolated (26%) or associated with hypokalemia (26%). The second common abnormality was hypokalemia (46%) which was again either isolated (14%) or associated with hyponatremia (26%). About 10% patient had hypernatremia and about 3% had hyperkalemia. Twenty one (37 %) patients had mixed electrolyte imbalance. ABG analysis was performed only in 16 patients. Arterial blood gas analysis could be performed only in 16 patients. Metabolic acidosis was present in 15 (94%) while one (6%) had metabolic alkalosis. Out of 57, five patients (8.7%) expired. All of them had electrolyte abnormalities. Out of five patients who died one had isolated hyponatremia, 2 had hyponatremia + hypokalemia, while one each had hypernatremia + hypokalemia and hypernatremia+ hyperkalemia. Statistically significant mortality was observed in patients presenting with either hyponatremia or hypokalemia as compared to the group with normal electrolytes. CONCLUSION: Hyponatremia, hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis are common electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities in children with diarrhoea and dehydration and often responsible for mortality.Item Amino acids in retinitis pigmentosa.(1988-07-01) Singh, M KItem Antithrombin III activity in cerebrovascular accidents.(2003-03-04) Singh, V P; Singh, M K; Kumar, V; Sinha, M K; Dwivedi, R C; Rai, M; Dube, BCerebrovascular accidents are commonly due to occlusive or haemorrhagic lesions. The present prospective study was planned to find out role of antithrombin in possible etiopathological process, which might predispose an individual for stroke. METHOD: Biological activity of antithrombin III was done by the method as described by Innerfield et al (1976). Immunological estimation of an antithrombin III was done by single radial immunodiffusion by the technique of Mancini et al modified by Fahey and Mckelvey. RESULTS: The biological and immunological activity of antithrombin III was measured in 98 patient of occlusive and 56 patients of haemorrhagic strokes. Significant depression in biological as well as immunological activity (p<0.001) was observed in occlusive stroke. In haemorrhagic stroke both, biological and immunological activity was increased. In follow up study, there was progressive normalization of both, biological as well as of immunological activity in both group. CONCLUSION: Decrease of antithrombin III in occlusive and increase in haemorrhagic stroke indicates that these changes have at least an additive role in the pathogenesis of stroke.Item Brain tumours in children.(2008-04-05) Shah, G S; Paudel, P; Srivastav, M; Sagar, K; Manandhar, S; Singh, M KA 10 years old, female patient presented with symptoms of abnormal movement of the body for 5 years, deviation of mouth to left side for 12 days and difficulty in walking for 12 days. We report a very rare case of Brain Stem gliomas. Clinical and imaging findings were suggestive of brain stem gliomas.Item Carcinoma of the uterine cervix metastatic to breast--report of a case.(1990-01-01) Singh, K; Chander, S; Rath, G K; Singh, M KA rare case of Carcinoma cervix metastasising to breast is reported and literature reviewed. Need to consider the diagnosis in patients with known malignancy is emphasized.Item Cardiac myxoma with glandular elements: a histologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical evaluation.(2003-03-19) Chopra, P; Ray, R; Singh, M K; Venugopal, PEpithelial differentiation in cardiac myxoma is a rare phenomenon. Out of 104 surgically excised specimens, we studied 3 cases of cardiac myxoma with glandular differentiation. All the cases had well formed glands in addition to the myxoma cells lying in a myxoid background. Detailed histochemical and immunohistochemical studies suggest that the epithelial islands in cardiac myxoma show an enteric phenotype.Item Chilblain lupus erythematosus mimicking acrofacial vitiligo.(2003-09-24) Khaitan, B K; Sood, A; Mittal, R; Singh, Y L; Singh, M KChilblain lupus erythematosus with depigmentation is a rare presentation of lupus erythematosus that may simulate vitiligo. A 52-year-old lady with such a manifestation is being reported.Item Chondrosarcoma--light microscopic and ultrastructural examination in fine needle aspirates.(1988-07-01) Singh, M K; Kapila, K; Verma, KItem Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Acute Liver Failure with Hepatic Encephalopathy in Children from Eastern Nepal.(2011-05) Shah, G S; Singh, M K; Shah, DIntroduction: Hepatic encephalopathy is a potentially reversible neurophyschiatric abnormality in the setting of liver failure. Acute liver failure (ALF) is a potentially life-threatening disorder in children. Objectives: The present study evaluated the clinical profile, outcome and factors influencing the outcome of children presenting with acute liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy presenting to a referral hospital of Eastern Nepal. Methodology: Thirty children (17 males and 13 females) were admitted with this diagnosis during two year period.Prospective study. Results: The most common cause of acute liver failure was mushroom poisoning seen in 30% of cases. Only 37% (11 out of 30) children survived, most of them in early stages (Stage I and II) of encephalopathy. Bleeding manifestations were significantly more common (P=0.002) in deaths as compared to survivors. Conclusion: As liver failure is associated with high mortality rates especially in absence of facilities for liver transplantation, efforts should be directed in favor of implementing preventive measures such as vaccination and community education to prevent toxin ingestion.Item Clinico- Biochemical Profile of Neonatal Seizure.(2008-01) Shah, G S; Singh, M K; Budhathoki, S; Kalakheti, B K; Baral, D DObjectives: The present study was undertaken to study the incidence, etiological factor, and days of onset, clinical types and biochemical abnormalities in babies having neonatal seizures. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, observational hospital based study. Ninety neonates, who developed seizures before 28 days of life and admitted to neonatal intensive care unit and nursery with neonatal seizure, were evaluated for incidence, etiological factor, clinical types and biochemical abnormalities found in neonatal seizure. The variables were analysed using Chi- Square and student t- test. Results: The incidence of neonatal seizure was 10.3/ 1000 live births. The seizures were common in male babies. 65 (72.2%) neonates were born to multiparous women while 35 (38%) were born to primigravidas. In birth asphyxia (n= 40), the most common type of seizure observed was subtle seizure 20 (50%), followed by focal clonic 10 (25%) and multifocal clonic 5 (12.5%). Tonic type of seizure was observed in 3 (7.5%) and myoclonic in 2 (5%). Meningitis and septicaemia was the second most common cause of neonatal seizure observed in our study. Among metabolic abnormalities hypoglycaemia was found in 20 (22%) and hypocalcaemia in 10 (11%). Conclusion: The commonest cause of seizure was birth asphyxia presenting within 72 hours of life. Among infection septicaemia and meningitis was the most common cause leading to neonatal seizure. Among biochemical abnormalities the most common cause of seizure observed in our study was hypoglycaemia and hypocalcaemia. Subtle seizures were the commonest type of seizure observed in this study.Item Colour preservation and restoration in gross specimens.(1987-10-01) Singh, M K; Chopra, PItem Correlation of radiological and pathological assessment of tumour volume with lymph node involvement in cancer cervix.(1998-03-16) Murmu, D; Bhatla, N; Bhargava, V L; Mittal, S; Kinra, G; Singh, M K; Rao, R CThe present study was carried out in 18 patients with carcinoma cervix stage IB through early IIB-Preoperative computerised tomography (C.T.) was done within seven days before surgery. Volume of tumour was determined from the C. T. films. Radical hysterectomy Type-III was performed in all 18 patients and specimens of cervix, parametrium and lymph nodes subjected to histopathological examination. Each specimen of cervix was cut into 4 to 12 equal sections depending on the size of the tumour mass. Cervical tumour volume was measured. Correlation of radiological with pathological tumour volume and of tumour volume with lymph node involvement was done. C. T. Scan was able to detect tumour mass accurately only four patients (Sensitivity 40%, Specificity 28.5%). In the Indian setting the conventional surgical approach appears to be the more appropriate.Item Diabetic retinopathy and microalbuminuria in lean type 2 diabetes mellitus.(2001-04-05) Singh, S K; Behre, A; Singh, M KBACKGROUND: Relationship between microalbuminuria and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been described. Patients with lean type 2 diabetes mellitus has some difference of insulin secretion and action in comparison with obese type 2 diabetes mellitus and there are evidences to support that lean type 2 diabetes mellitus is slow emerging type 1 diabetes mellitus in our population. The aim of this study is to find out correlation between retinopathy and microalbuminuria in lean type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Fifty two patients with lean type 2 diabetes mellitus (BMI < 18.5 Kg/M2) were selected. Diabetic retinopathy was observed in 25 patients only. Blood glucose sample was taken after 10 hours of overnight fasting. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by calorimetric method and urinary albumin was estimated in morning urine saniple by Micral II test strip. RESULTS: Patients with diabetic retinopathy had longer duration of diabetes detected than those with normal fundus but the difference was statistically insignificant. Fasting blood glucose greater than 200 mg/dl was found in 63.6% of patients with diabetic retinopathy and in 36.4% of patients with normal fundus but the difference was insiginificant. Patients with diabetic retinopathy had microalbuminuria test positive and level was significantly higher in patients with proliferative retinopathy than in patients with background retinopathy. CONCLUSION: Microalbuminuria is associated with diabetic retinopathy in lean type 2 diabetes mellitus. Increase in urinary albumin excretion correlates with development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in lean type 2 diabetes mellitus similar to type 1 and type 2 diabetes niellitus. This study emphasizes that microalbuminuria estimated by semi quantitative method is a cost effective and reliable marker of diabetic retinopathy in lean type 2 diabetes mellitus and high level of this may serve as an indicator of proliferative retinopathy in them.Item Dispersion of sulfamoxole in tissues of poultry.(1977-01-01) Banerjee, N C; Singh, M K; Jha, H N; Singh, S DThe blood levels and tissue dispersion of sulfamoxole in poultry has been investigated. The clinical importance and public health hazards on the basis of the results obtained has been discussed.Item Disseminated cryptococcosis.(1996-05-01) Handa, R; Banerjee, U; Gupta, K; Singh, M K; Singh, H; Wali, J PItem Distribution of silfusomidine in tissues of poultry.(1977-10-01) Singh, M K; Singh, S D; Sinha, S P; Banerjee, N CThe biological half life, blood level and tissue dispersion of sulfisomidine in poultry have been studied. The biological half life was observed to be 40 minuts. Following single dose (275 mg/kg) oral administration, the peak blood level of 13.92 mg% was found at 2 hr and the liver and small intestine showed highest drug residue at the end of 24 hr.Item Elephantiasic pretibial myxedema in Graves' disease.(2002-11-14) Sharma, V K; Sood, Apra; Sood, A; Singh, M KItem Evaluation of a new fixed duration (12 weeks) multi-drug regimen of bactericidal drugs in multibacillary leprosy.(2006-10-04) Tejasvi, T; Khaitan, B K; Khanna, N; Pandhi, R K; Singh, M KLeprosy still remains a public health problem mainly in Asia, Africa and South America. The WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy recommended, in 1997, the simplified treatment of leprosy for multibacillary (MB) cases, by reducing the duration of treatment from 24 to 12 months. From the operational point of view even this reduced duration is still long and monthly supervised drug administration may not always be practical in those areas where the accessibility is difficult and health infrastructure weak. The present study was carried out to compare the safety and efficacy of a new fixed duration regimen consisting of four bactericidal drugs with WHO/MDT (MB). METHODS: Thirty adult patients were randomly allocated to two groups. Group 1 (18 patients) received a new regimen of daily rifampicin 600 mg, sparfloxacin 200 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg and minocycline 100 mg for 12 weeks. Group 2 (12 patients) received WHO/MDT (MB) for 12 months. A detailed clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations, BI and MI were done at the baseline, every 4 weeks for 12 weeks, and thereafter every 8 weeks till 48 weeks. Skin biopsies were taken and chest X-rays were done at 0, 12 and 48 weeks. RESULTS: At 48 weeks, the net percentage clinical improvement in group 1 was 73.92% and in group 2 it was 66.66%. The net percentage reduction (NPR) in BI in group 1 was 19.17% and in group 2 it was 18.87% (p = 0.09). NPR in MI in both groups was 100% by 8 weeks, and somewhat faster in group 1. In group 1, 8 patients had mild gastrointestinal side-effect, and 16 had minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation. Three patients in group 1 developed type I reversal reactions. CONCLUSION: The regimen containing daily doses of rifampicin 600 mg, sparfloxacin 200 mg, minocycline 100 mg and clarithromycin 500 mg for 12 weeks was found to be an acceptable, effective and safe alternative regimen for MB leprosy with an additional operational advantage of shorter duration of treatment.Item Fine needle aspiration cytology as a preliminary diagnostic procedure for asymptomatic cervical lymphadenopathy.(1990-03-01) Sarda, A K; Bal, S; Singh, M K; Kapur, M MFine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was used as a preliminary diagnostic procedure in evaluating discrete, asymptomatic cervical lymphadenopathy of more than four weeks duration. Benign pathologies were encountered in 294/359 patients (82%); of these 86% had tuberculosis. Even in the elderly, a large number of patients (25/78) harboured tubercular lymph glands. FNAC obtained adequate material for cytologic diagnosis in 97.5% and had an overall accuracy rate of 97%. Malignancy was correctly diagnosed in 100%; in tuberculosis the accuracy rate of 96% with a 3.5% false negative results. FNAC is reliable as the initial evaluating procedure even in benign disorders; it is also cheap, speedy and easy to perform, with no complications, making it suitable for wider application in developing countries with scant resources.
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