Browsing by Author "Singh, A."
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Item Assessment of cardiac complication in diabetic patient of rural India(Medip Academy, 2020-08) Ahmad, E.; Singh, A.; Chaudhary, R. R.; Sarda, M. S.Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disorder affecting approximately 382 million people worldwide. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is group of metabolic disorder in which glucose is underutilized, thus producing hyperglycemia resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, action, or both. Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death and disability among people with diabetes. The cardiovascular disease that accompany diabetes include angina, myocardial infarction (heart attack), Stroke, peripheral artery disease and congestive heart failure. In people with diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high blood glucose and other risk factors contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular complications.Method: This study was conducted to determine the cardiac complication in diabetic patient of rural India. It was Cross sectional retrospective study, done in between period of January 2018 to December 2019.Result: In the present study authors found that 47.7% patients have Coronary artery disease (CAD), Silent 21.6% have myocardial ischemia (SMI), 36% Diastolic dysfunction (DF), 28.8% have Systolic dysfunction (SDF).Conclusion: In this study authors found that wide spectrum of cardiac complications in diabetic patients ranging silent myocardial ischemia to heart failure. CAD was the most common complication including silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) which is the one of the major concern of rural diabetic population which need proper screening by exercise treadmill test.Item Assessment of genetic variability of chilli in Western Himalayan Region(Triveni Enterprises, 2020-03) Singh, S.R.; Ahmed, N.; Kumar, D.; Trivedi, A.K; Singh, A.; Mir, M.Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim to collect and evaluate the available genetic diversity of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) in order to identify promising accessions for cultivation as well as use in crop improvement. Methodology: A total 78 accessions of chilli were collected from Western himalayan region, i.e., Kashmir valley of India. Collected germplasm was evaluated at one location for fifteen quantitative traits of horticultural importance. Results: With ample diversity in these traits, a high coefficient of variation was found. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that first five principal components possessed eigen value > 1, cumulatively contributed > 65.2 percent of total variability. All the genotypes were grouped into five clusters showing non parallelism between geographic and genetic diversity. Interpretation: The genotypes grouped in different clusters may be utilized for hybridization programme to produce more heterotic recombinants.Item Assessment of knowledge Vis-à-vis Food Labels(Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India., 2022-09) Sharma, N.; Bahurupi, Y.; Singh, M.; Singh, A.; Aggarwal, P.Background: Public health initiatives focused on improving food at the community level to reduce the risk of nutritionrelated disorders have gained pace in light of the enormous illness burden associated with chronic diseases connected to nutrition. Delivering straightforward, pertinent, and understandable information regarding the nutritional value of food is the goal of Front of Package Labelling (FoPLs), which are intended to assist consumers in choosing healthier foods at the point of purchase. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study carried out online through a series of webinars using an online survey platform and a feedback-designed questionnaire to ascertain webinar participants' knowledge of front of package labeling. Results: Among the participants, only 75.4% correctly identified the characteristics of packaged foods that increase the risk of obesity. Also, it was found that 84.7% of the participants knew that food labels had to display complete nutritional information. About 93.6 percent of the individuals were aware of public health initiatives that raise awareness of FOPL. Only 38.9% of the individuals were aware that certain food products were free from labelling, in comparison. Conclusion: Front of package labelling (FOPL) regulation goals must be adopted in order to enable consumers to simply, quickly, and accurately identify items containing extra sugars, trans-fats, oils, and sodium. This will help the Government of India comply with WHO recommendations on unhealthy foods.Item Chemical characterization of an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral preparation- Mahalaxmivilas Rasa(Elsevier, 2019-10) Srikanth, N.; Singh, A.; Ota, S.; Sreedhar, B.; Galib; Dhiman, K.S.Background: To protect the massive trust of patient in Ayurveda, a need aroused for the researches toascertain the quality, safety & efficacy of herbo-mineral preparations on scientific lines. The rasa-aushadhis are having qualities such as instant effectiveness, requirement in very small dosage and ampletherapeutic utility. Mahalaxmi Vilas Rasa [AFI, 20:27] has been used for treatment of a variety of ailmentssince time immemorial.Objective: To prepare Mahalaxmi Vilas Rasa as per standard operating procedures (SoPs) mentioned inclassical text and to characterize it chemically using modern analytical techniques.Materials and Methods: The drug (Mahalaxmi Vilas Rasa) in three batches was prepared in GMP certifiedpharmacy. Physico-chemical analysis, HPTLC, Assay of elements by AAS & ICP-AES were carried out as perAyurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted using Rigaku UltimaIV X-ray diffractometer.Results: The elemental analysis shown the presence of Mercury, Sulphur, Calcium, Copper, Gold, Iron &Tin etc. and HPTLC revealed presence of organic constituents from plant material. The XRD had indicatedthat prepared drug contained free sulphur, cinnabar (mercury sulphide added as Kajjali), cassiterite (tinoxide, Vanga Bhasma), orpiment (Hartal, arsenic III sulphide) and mica (Leucite/ Zeolite, Abhrak Bhasma).The drug was also tested for residual pesticide and microbiological contamination which were foundwithin permissible limits.Conclusion: Classical pharmaceutical procedures of Mahalaxmi Vilas Rasa showed converting the macroelements into therapeutically effective medicines of micro form. Standards laid down in this study certainlyutilized as an important tool for standardization and quality assurance of this herbo-mineral formulation.© 2018 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Item Disseminated abdominal tuberculosis mimicking as advanced gastric carcinoma: A report of potentially devastating entity(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Soni, A; Jindal, S; Singh, G; Verma, P; Singh, A.Item Effect of COVID 19 pandemic on time to care, use of ambulance, admission characteristics, demography, injury characteristics, management and outcome of Paediatric Orthopaedic trauma patients admitted to the trauma centre(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2022-09) Bharat, A; Verma, V; Afaque, SF; Raikwar, A; Chand, S; Singh, A.Background: Lockdown imposed to limit the spread of COVID 19 may have had a significant effect on the time to care, demography, injury causation, injury characteristics, volume and nature of admission, management and outcome of paediatric orthopaedic trauma patients. Objective: To document the effect of lockdown on the time to care at KGMU, use of ambulance, volume and type of admissions, demography, injury causation, injury characteristics, management and outcome of paediatric orthopaedic trauma patients. Methods:. This record review compared age, sex, type of admission, mechanism of injury, injury characteristics, type of treatment, vehicle used for transport, and outcome among patients admitted in prelockdown, lockdown and post lockdown. Results: Lockdown was associated with decrease in the number of cases (p<0.01), increase in the time since injury to reception (p<0.040), a rise in the share of referred admission (p<0.040), time since reception at KGMU, time to definitive care (p<0.001), high energy falls (p<0.001), injuries at home (p<0.001), higher ISS (p<0.001), non operative treatment (p=0.038) and greater use of ambulance (p=0.003). Conclusion: Lockdown resulted in a significant change in the causation and management of injury, significant delays in timeliness of care, reduction in the volume of admissions, an increase in injury severity and share of referral admissions.Item Effect of digitization of medical case files on doctor patient relationship in an Out Patient Department setting of Northern India: A comparative study(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2022-12) Gandhi, PA; Goel, K; Gupta, M; Singh, A.Background: Digitization of health records and health delivery processes in health care settings may have an impact on the Patient-Physician communication, wait times, that affect the overall patient satisfaction with the health care services. Aim & Objective: We ascertained the effect of digitization of medical case files on the doctor patient relationship (DPR) domain of patient satisfaction at an urban primary health center in India. Settings and Design: Comparative, cross-sectional study in primary health centres. Methods and Material: The patient satisfaction was compared between the patients attending the Public Health Dispensary (PHD) that uses digitized medical case file system and a Civil Dispensary (CD) which follows the conventional paper based medical records, using a Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ). Statistical analysis used: Univariate analysis was done by chi-square test and adjusted analysis was done by multiple linear regression. Results: Patient satisfaction in DPR was found to be same between the digitized medical case files based and conventional OPD (p=0.453). Significantly higher overall patient satisfaction was reported in the conventional paper based OPD than the digitized OPD (p<0.001). Conclusions: Patient satisfaction towards the doctor-patient relationship (DPR) was same between paper based OPD and the digitized medical case files based OPD.Item Farmers’ Perception of Climate Change and Livelihood Vulnerability in Rainfed Regions of India: A Gender-environment Perspective(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2019-12) Singh, S.; Singh, A.This study has attempted to investigate the nature and magnitude of livelihood vulnerability in the Bundelkhand region, India. A multistage sampling technique has been used to select study sites and collect farm-level data of 200 households using a well-structured and pre-tested schedule. The findings revealed that female-headed households are relatively more exposed to changing climate than are the male headed households. Due to the lack of basic amenities and common-pool resources, the livelihood vulnerability score was highest for female-headed households. Therefore, to improve the livelihood security of vulnerable households’ measures like identifying vulnerable groups, providing innovative, practical and easy to use methods to visualize the extent and dimensions of livelihood vulnerability are imminent. The framework used to analyze and identify specific interventions would help in building livelihood resilience for the most vulnerable people within a community.Item Graphene Conjugated Usnic Acid Nano-Formulation For The Treatment Of Topical Fungal Infection(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2020-05) Dubey, N. K.; Mishra, S. B.; Mukerjee, A.; Singh, A.Objective: The study aims to investigate the antifungal response of the dug usnic acid with the carrier graphene. Methods: Nano-precipitation method by sonication was adopted to formulate the conjugate. SEM test was performed to check the shape and average size of the conjugate. FTIR test was performed for the chemical interaction between the drug and the carrier. Ointment was prepared by the fusion method and the viscosity test was performed by Brookfield viscometer. Spreadability test was performed by slide method. Animal activity was performed to confirm the antifungal effect of the formulated nano-conjugate. Statistical analysis was done by Anova. Results: SEM study shows that the conjugate is in the nano range and possess a spherical shape. FTIR study shows no interaction between the drug and the carrier. The result of in vitro drug release study shows that the conjugate posses a higher drug release rate as compared to the drug alone. Topical drug administration is more suitable for the treatment of the fungal infection, so the nano-conjugate was incorporated into the ointment by geometric mixing. The viscosity and the spreadability test were performed on the different formulations of the ointment and the suitable one was selected for the topical administration. Anti-fungal study had been performed on the Wistar albino rats for 6 d. Skin culture of rats was performed for the formation of the fungal colonies. Statistical analysis by Anova gives p<0.001. It was found that the normal form of usnic acid, graphene and the nano form both possess anti-fungal activity as 3/6 and 2/6 experimental animals are cured by normal formulation and nano-formulation. Conclusion: The present anti-fungal study revealed that the nano-form of the conjugate possess higher anti-fungal activity than the normal formulation of usnic acid with graphene.Item Hydro-chemistry of groundwater in a North Indian city and its suitability assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes(Triveni Enterprises, 2019-03) Ravindra, K.; Mor, Suman.; Singh, A.; Singh, V.J.; Dhanda, N.; Rani, P.; Mor, S.Aim: The current study aimed to identify the hydro-geological processes that control the groundwater chemistry. Further, groundwater quality was also evaluated for drinking and irrigation purposes. Methodology: Groundwater samples were collected from a semi-arid region of North India i.e., Ellenabad, Sirsa, Haryana. The samples were analyzed following the American Public Health Association standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Results: Most of the groundwater samples of study area fall under hard category. The saline nature of groundwater can be attributed to high concentration of total dissolved salts (340±104 mg l-1). Majority of the groundwater samples showed fluoride concentration below the permissible limit of WHO and BIS (1.0 mg l-1). Multivariate analysis including sodium absorption ratio was calculated to assess the water quality for irrigation purpose and it was found appropriate for majority of crops, except for sensitive plant species. Interpretation: Potability assessment of groundwater showed that more than 40% samples were unacceptable for drinking purpose without any prior treatment, hence, it is essential to conduct a routine monitoring of groundwater to determine its aptness for drinking, domestic and agriculture purposes.Item Intergeneric grafting for enhanced growth, yield and nutrient acquisition in greenhouse cucumber during winter(Triveni Enterprises, 2019-05) Kumar, P.; Khapte, P.S.; Saxena, A.; Singh, A.; Panwar, N.R.; Kumar, P.Aim: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance (based on growth, yield, quality, and nutrient acquisition) of commercial greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus) grafted onto different locally available species as rootstocks during winter. Methodology: The performance of cucumber cv. Infinity as scion was tested onto selected genotypes of three species of genus Cucurbita (pumpkin, squash and figleaf gourd), one each of Lagenaria (bottle gourd) and Cucumis (muskmelon) used as rootstocks. Plant growth, fruit yield and quality characteristics, and nutrient acquisition efficiency of rootstocks studied under prevailing sub-optimal temperatures during winter inside unheated greenhouse. Results: The highest fruit yield was obtained in intergeneric cucumber grafting onto figleaf gourd followed by bottle gourd rootstocks, with increase in total yield of 30 and 10%, respectively over non-grafted cucumber. Fruit dry matter content in muskmelon grafted plants and titratable acidity in figleaf gourd and muskmelon grafted plants were also increased. Interpretation: The improved performance of cucumber onto the cucurbit rootstocks, especially figleaf gourd was related to the increased root dry mass, root/shoot ratio and rootstock-stem thickness. This was also associated with the enhanced leaf nutrient status provided by vigorous root system of figleaf gourd rootstock under prevailing sub-optimal temperature.Item Knowledge and attitude of peripheral health workers regarding Non-Communicable diseases in a Rural area of Rajasthan(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2022-06) Meena, S; Rathore, M; Gupta, A; Kumawat, P; Singh, A.Background: Mortality due to Non communicable disease (NCD) has increased from 50% to 60% in India from 2004 to 2014. Increasing mortality due to NCD has compelled Government of India to launch a national program (NPCDCS). This program has involved peripheral health workers hence this study was conducted to assess level of knowledge and attitude of peripheral health workers working in rural area of CHC Naila regarding NCDs. Methods: Present study was conducted at CHC Naila, Rajasthan, during June to Dec 2019. All (38) peripheral health staff working under CHC Naila were assessed and categorised regarding NCD and NPCDCS program. Results: Majority (77%) peripheral health workers had more than ten years of field experience. All have heard about NPCDCS program and type of NCDs covered under it. they were aware of sign & symptoms of common NCDs, however 18.42% of these were not aware of their role of community awareness about risk factors of NCDs and conducting regular screening. Conclusion: Though the level of awareness of health workers regarding type of NCDs, its consequences and risk factors was good however skill development training is needed so that they can screen people effectively and motivate them for healthy life style for optimum result.Item Lessons for the future-psychosocial perspectives of vaccine literacy among beneficiaries at a COVID-19 vaccination center in a tertiary teaching hospital in Punjab, Northern India: A qualitative analysis(Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2022-08) Toor, AK; Mahajan, S; Kaur, H; Singh, A.Background: Due to the unprecedented magnitude of the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaccine development was fast-tracked; yet, there were barriers to vaccination uptake. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to understand the factors promoting vaccination and the barriers to vaccination, to explore the infection prevention and control practices followed after vaccination. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study using in depth interviews, both face to face and telephonic; among beneficiaries willing to participate and given at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine in the institutions’ vaccination center, stratified sampling technique was used. Informed consent was obtained. Absolute confidentiality was ensured. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and validated by back translation into vernacular. The results obtained were analyzed using framework approach and categorized into themes and subthemes and valid conclusions drawn. Results: Various factors promoting willingness for vaccination and barriers perceived by the participants in their community, social, and occupational setting have been revealed in the present study. Availability of vaccine along with clear and accurate information can go a long way in overcoming vaccine hesitancy and promoting vaccine literacy. Conclusion: Clear and accurate information should be disseminated. The role of social media, mass media, and dissemination of information by word of mouth cannot be undermined. It is hoped that results of the present study will aid in formulating future vaccination programs.Item Long-term Use of Balanced and Integrated Nutrient Management Improved Soil Aggregation and Carbon Stabilization in a Maize-wheat Cropping Sequence(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-08) Singh, A.; Dheri, G. S.; Benbi, D. K.Sustainable nutrient management practices have the potential to enhance carbon (C) storage capacity of agricultural soils that may help offset increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. Nutrient management practices on long-term basis differentially influence aggregates and distribution of soil organic C (SOC) present within aggregates, which in time may affect C stabilization. The present study assessed the impact of long-term application of fertilizers for 44 years either alone or integration with farmyard manure (FYM) on bulk density, SOC and C pools, potassium permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO4), aggregate stability and distribution of C fractions within different size aggregate under maize-wheat cropping sequence. The application of 100%NPK+FYM significantly (P< 0.05) improved soil aggregation and mean weight diameter (MWD). The percent of macro-aggregates (MacroA) and meso-aggregates (MesoA) was maximum in 100%NPK+FYM followed by NPK and the minimum in the control treatment. Irrespective of aggregate classes, TOC (g kg-1 aggregate) was maximum in 100%NPK+FYM treatment with an average of 8.42 g kg-1 aggregate as compared to control (5.05 g kg-1 aggregate). If averaged across the treatments, TOC concentration in aggregates followed the order MacroA> MesoA>MicroA. Correspondingly, results for KMnO4-C were similar in different treatments and aggregate classes. Application of FYM with inorganic fertilizers (NPK) or NPK showed a significant increase in all oxidizable organic C fractions particularly recalcitrant C fraction, which reflects the stable nature of OC as compared to very labile and labile C fractions. In general, C present in mineral fraction and large-sized aggregates (MacroA) has higher recalcitrant fractions of SOC as compared to small-sized aggregates (MesoF and MicroF). The study concluded that long-term balanced and integrated nutrient management improved soil aggregation, C distribution within aggregates, and C storage capacity of soils under maize-wheat. Carbon associated with macro aggregate and a mineral fraction has more recalcitrant C fraction compared to meso and micro aggregate fractions.Item Morphological and anatomical aberrations induced by waterlogging in sugarcane(Triveni Enterprises, 2019-07) Jain, R.; Singh, A.; Singh, S.P.; Chandra, A.; Pathak, A.D.Aim: The present investigation was carried out to study root anatomy of sugarcane cultivars (CoLk 94184 and CoJ64) planted under waterlogged condition through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Methodology: Two sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) cultivars, CoLk 94184 and CoJ 64 were evaluated for changes in root anatomy in response to waterlogging during 2017-2018. For waterlogging treatment, crop was grown in deep plot which was waterlogged upto a depth of 1 m during active grand growth stage (monsoon season) along with untreated control plot. After three months of waterlogging, the plants were uprooted to study the root morphology and anatomy through SEM. Results: Waterlogged plants showed aerial root formation in both the cultivars but number and mass were higher in CoJ64. Aerenchyma was formed in the cortical region of both control and waterlogging roots but the size was relatively increased in waterlogged. Irregular and damaged surface cells with longer root hairs were observed in waterlogging treatment. Waterlogged roots exhibited cell distortion, loss of uniformity in endodermis and pericycle regions and higher number of metaxylem vessels. Interpretation: The study concluded that waterlogging treatment caused structural anomalies and induced anatomical and surface ultra-structural changes in both the cultivars, but the level of deformation was relatively higher in genotype CoJ 64, indicating sensitivity towards waterlogging as compared to cultivar CoLk 94184.Item Physicochemical Characteristics Of Rasamanikya-An Ayurvedic Arsenical Formulation(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2019-05) Singh, A.; Ota, S.; Srikanth, N.; R, G.; Bojja, S.; Dhiman, K. S.Objective: The objective of this study was standardization and Chemical characterization of rasamanikya prepared as per standard operating procedures (SOP) mentioned in the classical text. Methods: Rasamanikya was prepared by putting churnodaka shodhita haratala (Orpiment-As2S3) between two abhraka (white mica) sheets which are heated for a while to obtain a red colored finished product. The Ayurvedic specifications for the analysis of rasamanikya were performed through qualitative and quantitative analysis. Physicochemical analysis, assay of elements by atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were carried out and some other tests such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive x-ray analyzer (EDAX) were also performed to ensure the quality of the drug. Results: In the finished drug Arsenic and Sulphur are present in the form of As4S4, As2S3, As2S5. On the basis of XPS survey scans, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray analyzer (SEM-EDAX) and carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur (CHNS) analysis the Arsenic to Sulphur (As to S) ratio is thus standardized as 39-47: 53-61. In addition to this powder, XRD shows a major conversion into an amorphous phase. Conclusion: The results could be used to lay down a new set of pharmacopoeial standards for the preparation of rasamanikya for getting optimal efficacy of medicine. Therefore, the information will help the Scientists and Researchers to build comprehensive standards, to screen the compounds responsible for different bioactivities, and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of action.Item Physiological and molecular traits conferring salt tolerance in halophytic grasses(Triveni Enterprises, 2019-09) Lata, C.; Kumar, A.; Rani, S.; Soni, S.; Kaur, G.; Kumar, N.; Mann, A.; Rani, B.; Pooja; Kumari, N.; Singh, A.Aim: This study was conducted to identify the physiological and molecular traits underpinning salt stress adaptation in halophytic grasses Urochondra setulosa and Leptachloa fusca. Methodology: To assess the salt tolerance potential of Urochondra setulosa and Leptachloa fusca, the rooted cuttings and seeds were collected from Rann of Kutch, Bhuj, Gujarat and ICAR-CSSRI Regional Research Station, Lucknow, India, respectively using physiological, biochemical and molecular traits. Results: Salt stress decreased the biomass production in both the species to varying extents. Leaf chlorophyll declined marginally (5-12%) in Urochondra and moderately (~28%) in Leptachloa under various salt treatments compared to controls. The values of ψw and ψs, i.e., – 3.98 MPa and 760.5 mmol kg-1 were obtained under salinity stress of ECe ~ 50 dS m-1 in Urochondra whereas the values of ψw and ψs were – 3.63 MPa and 556 mmol kg-1 in Leptachloa. Osmoprotectant (proline, glycine betaine, total soluble sugar) and epi-cuticular wax content increased with increasing sodicity/salinity stresses in both grasss. The results showed that both halophytic grasses maintained lower Na+/K+ in their roots and which excludes the salt through the shoots portion. Expression of NHX1 gene increased with an increase of not only sodic, but also saline stress in both the grasses. Interpretation: The results demonstrate that Urochondra has a better adaption towards salinity and Leptochloa towards sodicity stressItem Prevalence of hypertension: A study in field practice area of Aligarh(Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2022-10) Ahmad, MF; Munif, MA; Khan, AA; Kumar, A; Singh, A.Background: An international public health concern is hypertension, sometimes referred to as high or elevated blood pressure. It adds to the burden of early mortality, disability, kidney failure, heart disease, and stroke. Early-stage hypertension rarely manifests as symptoms, and many sufferers go undetected. Those who receive a diagnosis might not have access to care and might struggle to maintain long-term control over their sickness. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study is to ascertain the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in the Uttar Pradesh region of Aligarh. Materials and Methods: In the realm of community medicine, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the community. Six hundred and forty-four research participants, who had to be at least 18 years old, were chosen by a methodical random sample of homes. All study participants had their anthropometry and blood pressure assessed using standardized equipment and procedures. Appropriate statistical tests were applied as per the types of dataset. Results: Hypertension was 25.2% prevalent. Males (33%) had a greater rate than females (18.3%). Age-related increases in the prevalence of hypertension were observed. Hypertension was highly correlated with factors such as upper socioeconomic class and sedentary lifestyle. Conclusion: Hypertension is very common and is correlated with sociodemographic characteristics. Therefore, extensive attempts at primordial prevention are required.Item Role of visual evoked potential as a window to detect functional changes that occur without signs of diabetic retinopathy in fundoscopy: Case series involving symptomatic overt diabetic pregnant women(Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2023-01) Sharma, AK; Mohan, L; Mittal, S; Sekar, S; Bahadur, A; Gupta, R; Singh, A.Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus. Pregnancy is a major risk factor for DR in diabetic women. Recent evidenced suggests that in course of DR functional changes including damage of pre-ganglionic and ganglionic cells in retina precede structural microvascular changes. A number of studies in the past have highlighted the role of pattern visual evoked potential (VEP) in detecting such functional changes. However, the study of VEP changes in diabetic pregnancies remains unexplored. This case series has the objective of exploring VEP changes in symptomatic OVD cases, who had no signs of DR on fundoscopy. We present two cases of overt diabetic women who complaint of straining of eyes, headache, and difficulty in reading during pregnancy. Complete ophthalmic examination was done in both the cases followed by a VEP test. VEP test was done as a part of a research project. The ethical clearance for the project was obtained from the Institute’s Ethics Committee before the commencement of the study. Fundoscopic examination in both cases revealed that the retina was within normal limits with no signs of retinopathy. In Case 1, P100 latency was increased for the left eye and was normal for the right eye during the first visit. While P100 latency was increased for both left and right eye during the second visit. There was a substantial increase in P100 latency for both eyes in second visit as compared to first visit. In Case 2, P100 latency was increased for both left and right eye and amplitude decreased for the left eye. This is a case series consisting of symptomatic overt diabetic pregnant women who had increased P100 latency despite no signs of retinopathy in fundoscopy. The previous studies have reported that multiple follow-ups with ophthalmoscopy may not be cost-effective in diabetic pregnant women. VEP provides a window for detection of early functional changes that may help identify at risk patients for follow-up and early intervention.Item Vulnerability to Mental Health Problems in Indian Population during Lockdown amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: An Alarm not to Snooze(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2023-03) Prithviraj, M; Singh, PB; Tripathi, R; Kharya, P; Singh, A.Background: Lockdown measures are being implemented in several parts of the world to control the spread of novel coronavirus. This unprecedented crisis has significantly affected the lives of people in different ways. Aim: To understand the experiences and vulnerability to mental health problems during lockdown among the Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey form circulated through various social media platforms from April 12 to May 3, 2020 containing self-reported questionnaires to collect lockdown related experiences and scales to assess anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9). A convenience sampling method was used. Results: 442 valid responses were received from different states of India. Statistical analysis revealed that one-third of the respondents suffered from some form of anxiety and depression during a lockdown. Less than 10% of them had severe levels of symptoms. The majority were males aged 18-45 years and private sector employees. Delivering essential services was involved with significant anxiety and depression. Availability of food and daily essentials was the most common problem. Difficulty in availing medicines and financial crisis were significant predictors of anxiety and depression. Worsening of interpersonal relationships was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Conclusions: The study concluded that experiences during the lockdown and associated psychological outcomes are important factors to consider and appropriate preventive measures to be taken in case of any future lockdowns.