Browsing by Author "Singh, V."
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Item Advancing early breast cancer detection with artificial intelligence in low-resource healthcare systems: a narrative review(Medip Academy, 2025-03) Corrales, VV; Shyyab, IMYA; Gowda, NS; Alaawad, M; Mohamed, MYH; Almistarihi, OJS; Gopala, AH; Jayaprakash, N; Yadav, P; Jakka, J; Singh, V.Breast cancer is a leading cause of illness and death worldwide, with early detection being key to improving survival rates. However, in low-resource settings, the lack of accessible, affordable, and efficient screening methods significantly hinders timely diagnosis and intervention. Traditional breast cancer screening methods, such as mammography, are often unavailable or impractical in these regions due to high costs, inadequate infrastructure, and a shortage of trained professionals. To address these challenges, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have emerged as promising tools to enhance breast cancer screening. AI-based solutions, such as AI-enhanced mammography, ultrasound imaging, thermography, and mobile applications, have the potential to address challenges in low-resource settings by offering cost-effective, portable, and user-friendly alternatives. These innovations can facilitate early detection, decrease diagnostic errors, and empower healthcare workers with limited training to perform screenings effectively. This review examines the role of AI in breast cancer screening, particularly in low-resource settings. It highlights the challenges associated with conventional screening methods and explores how AI can help fill these gaps. Success stories from initiatives such as RAD-AID International, Tata memorial centre, and the AI-driven ultrasound project in Rwanda demonstrate the feasibility of integrating AI tools into underserved healthcare systems. The review also discusses strategies for effective AI integration, including data collection, infrastructure development, and training. Additionally, it outlines future directions for enhancing AI applications in global health. AI has the potential to bridge the gap in breast cancer screening, ensuring that underserved populations benefit from improved early detection and better health outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of AI applications in breast cancer screening and offers insights into the future of AI in low-resource healthcare systems.Item Bio-Assay of Fungicides against the Neovossia indica Inciting Karnal Bunt of Wheat(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-01) Rathore, T; Shekhar, S; Pandey, KV; Sharma, S; Kumar, J; Nandy, R; Anand, A; Singh, V.When it comes to its use in various food and feed applications, wheat is the cereal that is farmed most frequently worldwide. It is utilized for feedstock and grain production in both developed and developing nations. In 2020–21, India is predicted to produce a record 109.24 MT of wheat, up from 107.86 MT in 2019–20. The illness has been continuously controlled with the use of chemical treatments, resistant cultivars, and cultural practices. Fungicides significantly improved seed germination in one year, with Tilt 250 EC and Folicur being most effective, with other fungicides also showing consistent efficacy. The study examined wheat seed that had been administered with different fungicides to prevent disease. The results showed that all fungicides significantly boosted seed germination in a single year, with Folicur and Tilt 250 EC showing the highest efficacy. The trend of efficacy remained unchanged.Item Comparison of orthopedic trauma patterns in geriatric patients during COVID-19 pandemic led lockdown and non-lockdown periods(Medip Academy, 2023-04) Singh, A.; Roy, S.; Singh, V.; Mohan, R.; Shantanu, K.; Agarwal, A.; Kushwaha, N. S.; Kumar, A.; Srivastava, D.; Gupta, S. S.Background: Lockdown had hindered persons’ ability to engage in regular physical activity. Our study analysed bone trauma patients who visited the orthopedic department based on the mode of injury, kind of extremity involved, and the bone implicated. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients visiting the orthopedic surgery department of a North Indian tertiary health care centre. Patient data was recorded from the case sheets. Results: A total of 792 patients’ data was collected, out of which 250 patients were those of during lockdown, and 542 patients were of non-lockdown phase. During the lockdown phase, the patients who have undergone RTA were 37 (14.8%), those admitted for domestic trauma were 128 (51.2%), and those for miscellaneous causes were 85 (34%). During the non-lockdown phase, RTA were 145 (26.739%), domestic were 318 (58.608%) and miscellaneous were 79 (14.652%). During lockdown, the site of injury was upper limb in 59 patients, lower limb in 154 patients, vertebrae in 37 patients. In the non-lockdown phase, the upper limb was injured in 95 patients, lower limb in 377 patients, vertebrae in 52 patients and hip bone in 17 patients. Femur was the most affected bone. Conclusions: There was a decrease in the number of instances during the lockdown. During both the periods, the majority of geriatric patients were from rural areas. Domestic trauma cases were most prevalent in the older age range, and the most common extremity implicated appeared to be the lower limb, with the femur being the most involved bone in both stages.Item Comparison of temporal-spatial gait parameter in patients with osteoarthritis knee: an observational cross-sectional study(Medip Academy, 2024-05) Rastogi, A.; Kalia, R. B.; Singh, V.Background: Osteoarthritis knee (OA) symptoms, including pain, joint stiffness, reduced joint movement, and muscle strength, can affect gait kinetics, kinematics, and temporal-spatial characteristics. Spatial-temporal gait parameters are useful for assessing and identifying clinically significant changes in an individual's gait patterns and helps in rehabilitation. Methods: In this study 108 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis knee according to EULAR classification knee OA were included in study. Age, gender and BMI were recorded for pain and function WOMAC Score was used, gait analysis was done to evaluate difference in temporo-spatial gait parameters between OA knee patients with KL grade 2 and 3. Results: A total of 108 patients with osteoarthritis knee were enrolled, including 40 men and 68 women. Total mean age was 55.92±9.05 years with P-value <0.05, and their average BMI was 27.24 kg/m2. Total WOMAC score mean 29.3±1.03. Mean WOMAC scores for pain 4.57±3.26, stiffness 2.60±0.12, function score 22.20±7.55 respectively. There was no significance difference between KL grade II and III including gender in temporal spatial gait parameters. Conclusions: This study suggests there is no significant difference in temporal-spatial gait parameters between Kl grade 2 and 3. Potential confounders including age, gender, BMI disease severity did not alter magnitude, although 95% CI.Item Current treatment options for allergic rhinitis: a review(Medip Academy, 2023-07) Swain, S. K.; Singh, V.Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E-mediated inflammatory reaction in the nasal mucosa caused by inhaled allergens such as dust, pollen, mold, or animal dander. AR is a common chronic disease that is often ignored, misdiagnosed, and/or mistreated. Clinically, AR is characterized by four major symptoms such as rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal congestion. It can be associated with certain co-morbid conditions like asthma and nasal polyposis. AR is diagnosed by taking proper history taking, nasal examination, and allergy tests. A proper understanding of the pathophysiology of AR can lead to improved treatment of this disorder. The treatment for AR should target symptoms to improve the quality of life for patients. Undertreatment of AR often impairs quality of life. The important concern in the treatment of AR is the patient’s adherence to the treatment. Novel treatments are needed for cheaper, early, better, and more permanent symptom resolution in AR. Evidence-based guidelines for AR treatment are helpful to improve disease control. The treatment of AR includes avoidance of relevant allergens, appropriate pharmacotherapy, immunotherapy, patient education, and follow-up. Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective modality of treatment for AR. This review article discusses details of current treatment options for AR.Item Disaster and Mental Health Preparedness in India: A Scoping Review(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2022-06) Sutar, R; Majumdar, A; Amudhan, S; Satpathy, P; Singh, V.Background: Disaster and mental health preparedness are inseparable domains highlighted during all the major disasters in India. To build Disaster-Mental health Preparedness (Disaster MHP), one has to understand the existing strategies, systemic efforts, and ground-level implementation. In this scoping review, we have analyzed the mental health preparedness efforts during major disasters in India. Methodology: We followed the Peters MDJ et al framework for scoping review named ‘Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. This included the searching relevant articles on PubMed and google Scholar, and concept-context of the review. Results: The review identified major efforts taken during ten disasters in past 40 years and mapping of the potential areas for development of sustainable efforts towards Disaster MHP. Conclusion: This is the first systematic scoping review from India that provides insight into strength and sustainability of disaster mental health preparedness in India. The mapping of the review focuses on the models emerged from Bhopal, Odisha, Tamilnadu and NIMHANS for the future infrastructure, capacity building, and environment required for Disaster-MHP in India.Item Effect of FYM, Vermi-Compost, Azotobacter Inoculation and Chemical Fertilizers on Growth and Yield in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-12) Yadav, AK; Dheer, V; Singh, J; Yadav, A; Singh, KK; Kumar, P; Singh, V.In rabi 2018-19, a field experiment using wheat cultivar K 1006 was carried out at the Students Instructional Farm of C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.). The location of the experiment is between 25° 56' and 28° 58' North and 79° 31' to 80° 34' East longitude. The study location was described as having a sandy loam texture, being alkaline (pH 8.19), containing 0.41% organic carbon, 187 kg/ha of available nitrogen, 11 kg/ha of available phosphorus, and 177 kg/ha of available potassium. Eight treatments (RDF-120:60:40 NPK Kg ha-1 as the recommended dose of fertilizer), RDF + Azotobacter, RDF + Azotobacter + Vermicompost @ 3.0 t ha-1, RDF + Azotobacter + Vermicompost @ 4.0 t ha-1, RDF + Azotobacter + Vermicompost @ 5.0 t ha-1, RDF + Azotobacter + FYM @ 4.0 t ha-1, RDF + Azotobacter + FYM @ 8.0 t ha-1, and RDF + Azotobacter + FYM @ 12.0 t ha-1 were setup in a randomized block design with three replications. The highest plant height at 30 DAS (21.67 cm) and 90 DAS (99.50 cm), the number of total (5.52) and productive (5.15) tillers /plant, the initial (115.25) and final (459) plant population /m2, the spike length (11.15 cm), the number of grains /spike (54.60), the grain weight /spike (2.26 g) and test weight (41.45 g), biological yield (131.25 q/ha), grain yield (56.40 q/ha), straw yield (74.85 q/ha), and harvest index (42.98) were found to be most effectively affected by the combination of RDF + Azotobacter + Vermi-compost @ 5.0 t ha-1.Therefore, the growth and yield of wheat might be increased by up to 16–18% beyond the prescribed fertilizer dosages when the seed was infected with Azotobacter @ 1 packet Azotobacter with 10 kg seed and soil amended with Vermi–compost @ 5 t/ha in addition to RDF.Item Gasserian ganglion metastases of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the absence of loco-regional metastases masquerading as trigeminal neuralgia(Medip Academy, 2023-05) Saxena, A.; Singhal, N.; Rath, A.; Singh, V.; Shankar, R.; Goel, M. M.We presented an unusual case of a 43-year-old man presenting with symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia with a clinico-radiological diagnosis of maxillary nerve schwannoma. Surgical excision and histopathology revealed a diagnosis of metastases of squamous cell carcinoma to Gasserian ganglion. On further investigation, the primary tumour was detected in the right alveolar region of mandible. Our purpose of presenting this case was to make the clinicians aware that all cases presenting with trigeminal neuralgia may not be benign and may be the sole presentation of brain metastases of oral cancer without the loco-regional spread.Item Gasserian ganglion metastases of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the absence of loco-regional metastases masquerading as trigeminal neuralgia(Medip Academy, 2023-05) Saxena, A.; Singhal, N.; Rath, A.; Singh, V.; Shankar, R.; Goel, M. M.We presented an unusual case of a 43-year-old man presenting with symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia with a clinico-radiological diagnosis of maxillary nerve schwannoma. Surgical excision and histopathology revealed a diagnosis of metastases of squamous cell carcinoma to Gasserian ganglion. On further investigation, the primary tumour was detected in the right alveolar region of mandible. Our purpose of presenting this case was to make the clinicians aware that all cases presenting with trigeminal neuralgia may not be benign and may be the sole presentation of brain metastases of oral cancer without the loco-regional spread.Item Morphological analysis and screening of wheat generations derived from HD2967 × Kharchia65 for salt tolerance(Triveni Enterprises, 2020-07) Varsha; Yashveer, S.; Singh, V.; Kumar, P.Aim: To screen wheat generations derived from cross HD2967 × Kharchia65 for two Nax loci imparting salt tolerance and background selection of the plants using polymorphic SSRs.Methodology: The study for salt tolerance was carried out on three generations, i.e., BC1F3, BC2F2 and F4, derived from the cross HD2967 × Kharchia65 in net house. Salt stress was provided at germination stage and the plants were grown to maturity. Data was recorded for various agro-morphological traits which contributed to yield. DNA isolated from young leaves of morphologically superior plants were checked for the presence of Nax1 and Nax2 genes using gene specific primers. Plants having either or both Nax loci were then subjected to polymorphic SSR markers screening for background selection of foreground selected plants. Results: On the basis of agro-morphological performance and presence of either or both Nax genes, 68 high yielding plants were selected. Out of total 178 SSR markers screened covering the whole genome uniformly (A, B and D), 31 markers were polymorphic for the parents HD2967 and Kharchia65. These polymorphic SSR markers were used to produce molecular diversity among the selected progeny plants. Cluster analysis of parents and all the three generations, showed that all the selected plants were inclined towards recurrent parent. Interpretation: This study showed that a linked marker like Nax1 and Nax2 could be a promising tool for breeding wheat with enhanced tolerance to salinity conditions. However, growth rates and biomass production provide reliable criteria for assessing the degree of salt stress and the ability of a plant to withstand it. Therefore, initial screening of seeds in the presence of salt stress provides additional advantage in directional selection. Plants selected with Nax loci, better mean performances, high heritability, and high genetic advance as 5% of mean for the studied traits could be further backcrossed with the recurrent parent to develop salt tolerant wheat lines.Item Perception of ethics committee members and investigators on implementation of e-EC software for ethics committees(Medip Academy, 2024-09) Shetty, Y; Marathe, P; Lad, M; Auti, P; Katkar, J; Singh, V.Background: An e-EC software (Create 4) was introduced since past 4 years at few institutional ethics committees (EC) in India. The software provided facilities for submission, online review and communication between investigator and EC. The study was to assess the perception of different stakeholders: investigators, chairperson, member secretary (MS), EC members, administrative staff regarding their experiences of using software, challenges faced and recommendations for improvisation. Methods: Following approval of the institutional EC, the participants were enrolled after obtaining their written informed consent. The questionnaires specifically designed and validated for each category of investigators, EC members and administrative staff were administered. Strict confidentiality was maintained. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 64 stakeholders who participated, there were 34 investigators, 18 EC members, 2 Chairpersons, 4 member secretaries, 6 administrative staff. The e-software was accepted well by majority of the stakeholders. Overall, the software was found to be user-friendly. A few challenges faced were: lack of adequate training for investigators and new EC members, inconvenience faced while downloading study documents one by one and the need to ensure uninterrupted internet access at workplace. The user ECs should ensure that the investigators and EC members are tech-savvy and they receive prior training. It was suggested that there needs to be an autofill option built-in while uploading document/s. Conclusions: E-software was found to be useful by the stakeholders and provided suggestions to optimize its us.Item Physiological Performance of Different Rice Hybrids under Agroclimatic Conditions of Uttar Pradesh(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-07) Kumar, KY; Singh, V.A field in the kharif season of 2021, a field experiment was conducted at Sam higginbottom University of Agricultural Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, with the purpose of evaluating ten rice hybrids (UR-26, UR-27, UR-28, UR-29, UR-30, UR-31, UR-32, UR-33, UR-34, and UR-35) under Uttar Pradesh's agro-climatic conditions. The study aimed to assess their growth, productivity, and grain quality attributes. The experiment addressed a gap in knowledge regarding which rice hybrids perform best in the specific agro-climatic conditions. By comparing these hybrids, the study sought to provide insights into selecting the most suitable varieties for maximizing agricultural productivity in the region. Among the hybrids evaluated, UR-32 demonstrated exceptional performance and exhibited superior grain quality characteristics including better hulling, milling, and head rice recovery rates. These results highlight UR-32 as a promising choice for farmers in Uttar Pradesh seeking to optimize both yield and grain quality during the kharif season. In conclusion, the study not only filled a research gap by identifying the top-performing rice hybrid under Uttar Pradesh's agro-climatic conditions but also provided valuable data for enhancing agricultural practices and crop selection strategies in the regionItem Prevalence of computer vision syndrome and associated ocular morbidity in a tertiary care hospital(Medip Academy, 2023-05) Chaudhary, A.; Rai, A.; Singh, S. P.; Singh, V.Background: This study was done to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome and associated ocular morbidity in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted on 673 patients based on the inclusion criteria. The patients were asked to fulfil the computer vision syndrome survey form 3 and OSDI questionnaire. Spontaneous eye blink rate, Schirmer’s test 1, tear break up time, refraction were performed for these patients. Data was collected and analysed by SPSS software. Results: The prevalence of computer vision syndrome was 73% with 294 males and 206 females. The mean age of the patients was 30.29 years. Most of the participants were between 21-30 years. The screen time for most of the study participants (59.80%) came out to be >6 hours/day on average. The chief complaint of majority patients was blurred vision and asthenopia whereas the secondary complaint was watering and headache. Maximum patients (38.20%) from our study were students and competitive exam aspirants followed by teachers and software engineers. The screen modality used by 34.20 % patients was mobile phones > laptops. The mean SEBR was 13.50 minutes. The mean OSDI was 17.44. The screen time was significantly correlated to SEBR (p<0.0001). Also the screen time and OSDI correlation came out to be significant (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The present study revealed a significantly high prevalence of CVS among our patients. The ocular symptoms are predominantly affecting the convergence power of eyes and tear film instability causing blurred vision and dryness.Item Prevalence of computer vision syndrome and associated ocular morbidity in a tertiary care hospital(Medip Academy, 2023-05) Chaudhary, A.; Rai, A.; Singh, S. P.; Singh, V.Background: This study was done to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome and associated ocular morbidity in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted on 673 patients based on the inclusion criteria. The patients were asked to fulfil the computer vision syndrome survey form 3 and OSDI questionnaire. Spontaneous eye blink rate, Schirmer’s test 1, tear break up time, refraction were performed for these patients. Data was collected and analysed by SPSS software. Results: The prevalence of computer vision syndrome was 73% with 294 males and 206 females. The mean age of the patients was 30.29 years. Most of the participants were between 21-30 years. The screen time for most of the study participants (59.80%) came out to be >6 hours/day on average. The chief complaint of majority patients was blurred vision and asthenopia whereas the secondary complaint was watering and headache. Maximum patients (38.20%) from our study were students and competitive exam aspirants followed by teachers and software engineers. The screen modality used by 34.20 % patients was mobile phones > laptops. The mean SEBR was 13.50 minutes. The mean OSDI was 17.44. The screen time was significantly correlated to SEBR (p<0.0001). Also the screen time and OSDI correlation came out to be significant (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The present study revealed a significantly high prevalence of CVS among our patients. The ocular symptoms are predominantly affecting the convergence power of eyes and tear film instability causing blurred vision and dryness.Item Role of MRI in evaluation of seizures(Educational Society for Excellence, 2016) Ravindernath; Singh, V.Background: Tai Chi Chuan (meaning Supreme Ultimate Force), popularly known as Tai Chi is an internal Chinese martial art practised for both defence and health purposes. Materials and methods: We selected 4 male persons of age group between 65 and 72 years with presbystasis. All of them had been treated with medication and good rest for a period of more than 6 months without much relief. We planned to evaluate the efficiency of Tai Chi through comparison of functional test of balance (Romberg test) and the perception of balance and falls by using Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaire obtained prior and following the Tai Chi course. Results: All the patients observed not only significant improvement in the balance, they also got more confidence in walking, running, bending and from the fear of falling. They were re-examined after one month (total 12 weeks of exercises) with Romberg test (to rule out bias by the patients) and DHI questionnaire. There was a significant improvement in the Romberg test and there was significant decrease in the DHI score from average 63.5 (severe dizziness) to 43.5 (moderate dizziness) Conclusion: The findings of the Tai Chi in the rehabilitation of balance problem in the elderly persons found to be very effective. Tai Chi is easy to carry out and very comfortable for the older people. They can practice the exercises at home, at outdoor without much effort and difficultyItem Spectral pattern of cough sounds as an aid to diagnosis in children with common respiratory diseases(Medip Academy, 2025-04) Ansari, MS; Singh, P; Awasthi, R; Sethi, TP; Singh, V.Background: Objectives were to identify discriminatory spectral patterns of cough consistent with common respiratory sounds, through machine learning, to assist diagnosis. Methods: Spectral analysis of cough recordings of 50 children each with crackles alone, wheezing alone and absence of crackles and wheezing. Identification of unique features through machine learning by dividing them into training (75%) and testing (25%) datasets. Feature extraction was done using R python and Librosa programming language. Two class classifications of the features extracted from the training dataset were done using classifier models like support vector machine, random forest, K nearest neighbor and classification and regression tree. Identification of the most suited classifier model that could accurately differentiate between the studied respiratory sounds in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Results: Random forest classifier model using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) gave the best results in differentiating crackles from wheezing with sensitivity and specificity of 66.67% and 66.67%. Classifier model performance improved when augmented with clinical features (Respiratory rate, history of recurrent nebulization and family history of atopy); providing sensitivity and specificity of 83.33% and 91.67%. Conclusions: Cough features extracted and classified by machine learning can be used for non-auscultatory diagnosis of crackles and wheeze. This raises the possibility to develop smart applications for possible use by non-medical personnel to enhance their capability.