Browsing by Author "Singh, Sanjay"
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Item Accuracy of references cited in articles published in Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology: A pilot study.(2009-09) Singh, Sanjay; Chaudhary, RahulBackground: Progress in science takes place when investigators build on the work of others. Therefore, in scientific communications, it is very important that others' work is correctly noted and understood. Cited references have been found to be inaccurate in every journal in which they have been examined. Aim: To analyze references cited in articles published in Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology for their citation and quotation precision as an indicator of the quality of articles. Methods: Twelve citation and five quotation errors were identified and defined. Fifty cited references were selected randomly from the May-June 2008 issue of the journal. For these citations, we obtained 44 full texts of papers and two abstracts. In one case, only citation errors could be verified from the Internet. Three citations of books could not be verified. Thus, citation errors were examined in 47 and quotation errors in 46 citations. Results: Thirteen cited references (28.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 15.3-41.3%) were error-free. Twenty-eight citations (59.6%; 95% CI 45.5-73.6%) contained citation errors and 20 (43.5%; 95% CI 29.2-57.8%) quotation errors. Conclusion: Results of this pilot study suggest that improving accuracy of the references is important. Solutions to this problem are suggested.Item Acyclovir is not effective in pityriasis rosea: Results of a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial.(2016-09) Singh, Sanjay; Anurag; Tiwary, Narendra KBackground: Acyclovir is considered to be an effective treatment for pityriasis rosea but randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trials have not been performed. Aims: To test the efficacy of acyclovir in pityriasis rosea in a randomized, triple–blind, placebo-controlled trial. Methods: Twenty seven patients with pityriasis rosea were randomly allocated to receive placebo (n = 13) or acyclovir (800 mg fi ve times daily for one week) (n = 14). The severity of disease was assessed by the pityriasis rosea area and severity index. Cure was defi ned as the absence of erythema, with no or minimal scaling. Results: The number of days (mean ± standard deviation) taken for cure was not signifi cantly different between the two groups (placebo 26.54 ± 9.14 days versus acyclovir 33.29 ± 9.49 days; P = 0.0720, t-test; 95% confi dence interval of difference −0.65 to 14.14 days). Limitations: The sample size for the present study was calculated using data from an earlier study. As the standard deviation was not mentioned in that article, a common standard deviation of fi fteen days was assumed. A study with a larger sample size may be more effective in detecting minor treatment differences between acyclovir and placebo, if they exist at all. Conclusion: Acyclovir is not an effective treatment for pityriasis rosea.Item Annular scaly plaque confined to presternal keloid treated with intralesional injections(Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists & Leprologists, 2019-09) Singh, Sanjay; Gupta, Vishal; Gupta, SomeshItem Ashy dermatosis-like pigmentation due to ethambutol.(2008-05-28) Srivastava, Neeraj; Solanki, Lakhan S; Chand, Satish; Garbyal, Rajendra S; Singh, SanjayItem Association of HLA phenotype with primary non-response to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine: a study from north India.(2004-07-03) Das, Kunal; Gupta, R K; Kumar, V; Singh, Sanjay; Kar, PThe hepatitis B vaccine is considered to be highly immunogenic and has a good safety profile. In adults, it has a primary non-response rate of 5%-10%. Causes of nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccine include age, sex, obesity smoking. Certain human leucocyte antigen (HLA) phenotypes have been known to be associated with responsiveness to the vaccine, and found to be different in different ethnic groups, such as Caucasians and Orientals. The study was designed to identify the HLA phenotypes that are associated with non-responsiveness to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination amongst a cohort of Indian subjects who agreed to participate in the vaccination programme. The study was offered to 107 volunteers, of whom 102 were found to be negative for HBV markers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], anti-HBc, anti-HBe, anti-HBs, hepatitis Be antigen [HBeAg]) . All 102 volunteers were offered recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (20 microg) at 0, 1, and 6 months. Anti-HBs antibody titres were tested on days 90 and 210 of the first vaccine dose. HLA typing was done using standard microlymphotoxicity tests. The seroconversion rate of the hepatitis B vaccine was 86.3% (88/102). Fifteen nonresponders (15/102) and 15 of the 88 responders were randomly selected after age and sex matching for the purpose of studying the HLA phenotypes. HLA subtypes A1, B15, B40, A10 and DQ2 were found to be increased among nonresponders while HLA- A11, C3, DR10, DR51 (p>0.05) were the most common phenotypes amongst the responders. Further studies are needed to characterize the HLA phenotypes amongst the responders in different ethnic groups in India with respect to HBV vaccination.Item Asymptomatic erythematous plaque on eyelid.(2008-01-15) Srivastava, Neeraj; Solanki, Lakhan Singh; Singh, SanjayItem Benign abducens nerve palsy: diagnosis by exclusion(Medip Academy, 2019-05) U., Praveen; Save, Sushma; Singh, SanjayOf all the cranial nerves, the abducens nerve has the longest intracranial course hence is most common cranial nerve to be affected secondary to any potentially devastating intracranial cause. It can indicate significant underlying pathology. Abducens or sixth cranial nerve innervates lateral rectus muscle and pathology of this nerve results in abduction deficiency of ipsilateral eye. Most of the time it will be unilateral but bilateral involvement is also well known. It can recurrent without any underlying identifiable pathology. The 6th nerve palsy is considered as benign after ruling out all possible causes. Benign causes account for just 9 to 14% of all 6th nerve palsies in children. Most of the time benign 6th nerve palsy occurs after viral infection or vaccination as an immunological reaction. In our case patient had history of pentavalent vaccination 1 month back. After thorough investigation and ruling out all possible causes it was attributed to post vaccination immunological reaction. which resolved spontaneously over 4months.Item A case of foetal macrosomia(Medip Academy, 2019-09) Acharya, Pushpashree; Singh, SanjayFetal macrosomia is an upcoming challenge in the field of obstetrics due to its rising incidence. The incidence varies according to ethnicity, genetic differences and anthropometric discrepancies between populations. Obesity, previous history of macrosomia, multiparity, diabetes and post-dated pregnancy are few risk factors associated with macrosomia. Management of macrosomia is a big challenge as no precise guidelines have been set. Macrosomia is associated with multiple maternal and foetal complications like operative delivery, post partum haemorrhage, perineal trauma, shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus injury, skeletal injury, birth asphyxia etc. We report a case of foetal macrosomia, weighing 5.5kg which was delivered by LSCS to a woman having BMI - 26.6kg/m² with 39 weeks of pregnancy with history of previous LSCS. There was no maternal or foetal complication. There was no history of diabetes in present pregnancy and inter conception period. Because of rarity of this condition we report this case of foetal macrosomia with a short review of literature.Item A case report of tinea nigra from North India.(2009-09) Tilak, Ragini; Singh, Sanjay; Prakash, Pradyot; Singh, Dharmendra P; Gulati, Anil KItem Comparison between laparoscopy and laparotomy in the management of ectopic pregnancy: a retrospective study(Medip Academy, 2020-02) Singh, Suneeta; Sandhu, Namrita; Singh, Sanjay; Kumar, Praveen; Aziz, AtiyaBackground: Ectopic pregnancy is one of the most important causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in the first trimester of pregnancy. Objective of this study was to compare the safety, feasibility and advantage of laparoscopic approach with that of laparotomy in management of ectopic pregnancy.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at two tertiary hospitals over a period of two years i.e.; from Aug 2015 to July 2017. Seventy-five patients who had histopathology confirmed tubal ectopic pregnancy were divided into two groups; laparoscopy (Group I, no-39) and laparotomy (Group II no-36). The main outcome measures were operative time, blood loss, and requirement of blood transfusion, requirement of analgesia and duration of hospital stay.Results: Seventy-five patients of ectopic pregnancy who were managed surgically were studied. There were 39 cases in laparoscopy group and 36 cases in laparotomy group. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 1.56% (out of all deliveries over 2 years). Ampullary region was the commonest site of ectopic pregnancy (74.6%). No difference was found in the two groups regarding age, site of tubal pregnancy, pre op Hb status and haemoperitoneum. Mean operating time was significantly shorter in the laparoscopy group 39 min (range 30 - 52 min) versus 50 min (range 40-60 min) in the laparotomy group. There was no difference between the groups regarding the treatment with blood products and perioperative complications. Hospital stay was significantly longer in the laparotomy group (3.5 days) as compared to 2 days in laparoscopy group. The duration of post op analgesia requirement was also longer in laparotomy group (4 days) as compared to 2 days in laparoscopy group.Conclusions: Laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy is a safe, effective and beneficial option in the hands of an experienced laparoscopic surgeon even in cases of massive haemoperitoneum. It definitely offers the advantage of shorter duration of surgery, faster post op recovery, shorter duration of hospital stays and lesser requirement of post op analgesia.Item Continuing Education in Dermatology.(2013-09) Singh, SanjayItem Correlation between Stature and Arm Span: A Prospective Regional Study in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.(2016-05) Alam, Md Tabrej; Singh, Sanjay; Rai, Rahul; Shaheen, SalehaBackground: When actual measurement of stature cannot be done, other surrogate parameters can be used to predict stature. Stature in clinical medicine and in the field of scientific research can be easily estimated using various anthropometric parameters like arm span, knee height, foot length and breadth etc. Arm span has been proven to be one of the most reliable predictors. Thus this study was undertaken to estimate the stature from arm span using regression equation and to determine correlation between stature and arm span. Methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Ataria, UP. Our study consisted of 124 MBBS students (85 boys and 39 girls). The stature and arm span was measured directly using anthropometric technique and measuring tape. The data collected were recorded and analysed with SPSS 16. Regression equations were derived for stature estimation and the relationship between stature and arm span was determined by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: We found that the males with stature 171.34±9.71cm had the arm span of 174.27±8.63cm and the females with stature 159.41±6.33cm had the arm span of 156.47±7.85cm. The stature calculated using regression equation was 171.25±6.69cm in male and 159.25±4.95cm in females. The correlation between stature and arm span was positive and significant (r=0.689 for male, r=0.783 for female, p<0.05). Conclusion: Body height correlates well with the arm span so it can be used as a reliable marker for stature estimation using regression equation.Item Does using a high sun protection factor sunscreen on face, along with physical photoprotection advice, in patients with melasma, change serum vitamin D concentration in Indian conditions? A pragmatic pretest-posttest study(Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists & Leprologists, 2019-05) Singh, Sanjay; Jha, Bandana; Tiwary, Narendra Kumar; Agrawal, Neeraj KumarBackground: Use of sunscreens on the face is becoming popular, and patients with melasma are prescribed sunscreen for use on the face. Results of a few Western studies on the effect of sunscreen use on serum vitamin D concentration are not applicable to Indian conditions. Aims: To examine the effect of use of a high sun protection factor (SPF 50+, PA++++) sunscreen on face in patients with melasma on serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Methods: Forty-five Indian patients (Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV) with melasma were advised to use a sunscreen with SPF 50 + for 3 months, 43 (33 female, 10 male; age 32.9 ± 8 years) completed the study. Patients staying outdoor for <4 hours applied sunscreen once daily after bath. Patients staying outdoors for >4 hours reapplied sunscreen 4 hours after first application. Patients were provided a container to measure the amount of sunscreen for use, which was approximately equal to recommended thickness. Compliance was tested by weighing the used tubes and tubes in use during monthly visits. Serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was tested before and after the study period. Results: Amount of sunscreen advised (100.5 ± 29.2 ml) and the actual amount used (96.6 ± 27.9 ml) were similar (P = 0.53, t-test). The difference between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D at the baseline (19.20 ± 9.06 ng/ml) and at 3 months (18.91 ± 8.39 ng/ml) was not significant (P = 0.87, paired t-test, 95% confidence interval of difference −3.33 to 3.92). No correlation was found between the amount of sunscreen used and the percentage change in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration at 3 months (rho = 0.099, P = 0.528, Spearman's rank correlation). Limitations: Longer duration of application and a larger sample size may detect minor differences in vitamin D concentration. Conclusion: Using a high SPF sunscreen on the face, along with physical photoprotection advice, in patients with melasma for 3 months does not influence serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in Indian conditions.Item Dot-in-circle Sign of Mycetoma on Magnetic Resonance Imaging(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-05) Jain, Deepak; S. B. S., Netam; Singh, Sanjay; Agrawal, SanjayMycetoma is a chronic granulomatous disease prevalent in tropical countries, but it also occurs in Europe and the United States.Early diagnosis is important as it has therapeutic implications. Although biopsy and microbiological culture provide the definitivediagnosis, these are difficult to achieve in many instances. The dot-in-circle sign is a recently proposed magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI) sign of mycetoma, which is likely to be highly specific. We present a case of mycetoma of the left calcaneumwith characteristic MRI features.Item End of the road for terbinafine? Results of a pragmatic prospective cohort study of 500 patients(Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists & Leprologists, 2018-09) Singh, Sanjay; Shukla, PrakritiBackground: There is a general impression among dermatologists in India that terbinafine has been losing its effectiveness in dermatophytoses over the past few years, but there are no recent data to support this. Aims: To determine the effectiveness of terbinafine in tinea corporis, tinea cruris and tinea faciei with a pragmatic prospective cohort study. Methods: A sample size of 361 patients was calculated taking a 5% margin of error and a 95% confidence level. Five hundred patients with tinea corporis, tinea cruris and tinea faciei confirmed by potassium hydroxide microscopy received oral terbinafine (5mg/kg/day) and topical terbinafine 1% applied twice daily for 4 weeks. Patients were evaluated at 2 and 4 weeks. Cure was defined as total clearance of lesions and negative microscopy. Results: Patients who came for follow-up at 2 and 4 weeks numbered 357 and 362 respectively. Ten patients were cured at 2 weeks (cure rate 2%, 95% confidence interval 1.0–3.7%, intention-to-treat analysis) and 153 patients were cured at 4 weeks (cure rate 30.6%, 95% confidence interval 26.7–34.8%). Limitations: Culture and antifungal susceptibility testing were not performed since this was a pragmatic study. There was also no follow up after completion of treatment to check for relapses, but the poor response makes this less relevant. Conclusion: The effectiveness of terbinafine in dermatophytosis was abysmal in this study.Item Ethics in research.(2012-07) Singh, SanjayItem Evidence-based treatments for pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, and bullous pemphigoid: A systematic review.(2011-07) Singh, SanjayBackground: Pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita are autoimmune diseases of skin associated with considerable morbidity and sometimes mortality. There is no cure for these diseases. Aims: To summarize evidence-based treatments for these diseases by performing a systematic review. Methods: The research protocol included the following steps: identification of databases to be searched, defining search strategy, searching the databases for references, first-stage screening of the abstracts, second-stage screening of full texts of articles identified after the first-stage screening, data extraction from the identified articles after second-stage screening, quality appraisal of the studies using the Delphi list, and summarizing the findings. Results: No randomized controlled trials of interventions in pemphigus vegetans, pemphigus erythematosus, and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita could be found. After the second-stage screening, 12 randomized controlled trials were analyzed, which included patients with pemphigus vulgaris or pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus, and 7 which included patients with bullous pemphigoid. Conclusions: Number of high-quality randomized controlled trials conducted on pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid is small. Oral corticosteroid along with a steroid-sparing agent appears to be the most effective treatment for pemphigus. Azathioprine may be most effective as a steroid-sparing agent. Topical corticosteroid therapy (as studied) is effective for bullous pemphigoid and appears to be superior to oral corticosteroid for extensive disease. Some suggestions about future research are made.Item Facial nerve injury following surgery for temporomandibular joint ankylosis: A prospective clinical study.(2013-07) Gokkulakrishnan, S; Singh, Sanjay; Sharma, Ashish; Singh, Amit Kumar; Borah, RajshreeObjective: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the incidence and degree of facial nerve damage and time taken for its recovery following surgery for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 subjects with the TMJ ankylosis with or without history of previous surgery were included in this prospective study. House-Brackmann grading system was used to assess the function of the facial nerve post-operatively. Results: Most of the subjects were in the age range of 13-15 years. Eight subjects had bilateral ankylosis and remaining 22 had unilateral ankylosis. Out of 32 joints in which gap arthroplasty was performed, 4 had Grade 1 injury, 14 had Grade 2 injury, 12 had Grade 3, and 2 with the Grade 4 injury 24 h post-operatively. Whereas, out of 6 cases of interpositional arthroplasty 4 had Grade 1 injury and 2 had Grade 4 injury. According to House-Brackmann grading system, at 24 h, 78.9% patients had different grades of facial nerve injury, which gradually improved and came to normal limits within 1-3 months post-operatively. Comparison of change in the Grade of injury at 3 months follow-up as compared to baseline (24 h) showed full recovery in all the cases (100%) showing a statistically significant difference from baseline (P < 0.001). Conclusion: When proper care is taken during surgery for TMJ ankylosis, permanent facial nerve injury is rare. However, the incidence and degree of temporary nerve injury could be either due to the heavy retraction causing compression and or stretching of nerve fiber resulting in neuropraxia.Item Familial Behcet's disease.(2007-07-07) Srivastava, Neeraj; Chand, Satish; Bansal, Manish; Srivastava, Kanchan; Singh, SanjayThere are very few reports of Behetaet's disease from India. Familial aggregation of Behetaet's disease has been reported with restricted geographical distribution. We report here familial Behcet's disease from India in two brothers aged 30 and 32 years. Both patients had recurrent oral and genital ulcers for approximately five years. They also had arthralgias on and off along with fever. Pathergy test was positive in both cases. Their younger brother and a sister had recurrent oral aphthous ulcers.Item Fatigue, macroglossia, xanthomatous papules and bullae.(2010-03) Singh, Sanjay; Kumar, Surendra; Chaudhary, Rahul
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