Browsing by Author "Singh, SK."

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    Bradykinin-induced nociceptive responses are more potent than capsaicin-induced responses in rat models
    (Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2022-07) Roy, A; Revand, R; Singh, SK.
    Background: Peripheral blood vessels are concerned with sensing the perivascular nociceptive information and signaling it to the higher centers through ipsilateral somatic nerves, thereby regulating the cardiorespiratory parameters by means of vasosensory reflex responses. Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the potency of nociceptive responses elicited by bradykinin (BK) with the capsaicin-induced responses. Materials and Methods: Charles-Foster rats were anesthetized with urethane and injected intraperitoneally. After tracheostomy, the right femoral artery was cannulated with a 24G, double ported cannula for administering the chemicals/saline through vertical port and to record the blood pressure (BP) through horizontal port. BP, Electrocardiogram, and respiratory movements were recorded. Results: Injection of capsaicin into a segment of femoral artery evoked instantaneous transient tachypnoeic, hyperventilatory, and hypotensive responses. BK also produced similar pattern of nociceptive responses along with a transient fall in heart rate. In addition, the vasosensory responses produced by BK are of greater magnitude as compared to the capsaicin. Conclusions: BK is more potent in eliciting reflex nociceptive responses as compared to capsaicin. Further, BK has an additional cardioprotective role by slowing the heart, in the events of acute inflammation.
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    Correlation between Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index Score and body mass index in the patients suffering with ankylosing spondylitis
    (Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2023-06) Roy, A; Jayanthi, A; Jaiswal, R; Singh, SK.
    Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial spine that can manifest with various clinical signs and symptoms. Chronic back pain and progressive spinal stiffness are the most common features of this disease. It is an autoimmune disease which also leads to the involvement of skeletal, cardiac, nervous tissues, and other systemic organs. Aim and Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the correlation between the Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score/visual analog scale (VAS) and various age groups in the patients suffering with AS using standard questionnaire. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight AS patients having BASDAI scores of ?4 were included in this study. The height and weight were taken and responses to the standard questionnaire were recorded. BASDAI Score, body mass index (BMI), and VAS were computed. The patients with history of chronic diseases such as hyper/hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension or the use of any medication such as ?/? blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antiepileptics were excluded from the study. Results: The patients were divided into six different age groups, i.e., 15–20 years, 21–25 years, 26–30 years, 31–35 years, 36–40 years, and 41–45 years. The mean ± SEM values of the BASDAI score in various age groups were 6.8 ± 0.34, 6.3 ± 0.33, 6.2 ± 0.26, 7.1 ± 0.41, 6.5 ± 0.30, and 5.8 ± 0.48, respectively. The mean ± SEM values of VAS are shown in relation to the various age groups, i.e., 15–20 years, 21–25 years, 26–30 years, 31–35 years, 36–40 years, and 41–45 years and the values were 6.88 ± 0.312, 6.58 ± 0.22, 6.55 ± 0.66, 6.00 ± 0.23, 6.72 ± 0.25, and 6.0 ± 0.50, respectively. Conclusion: This study indicates that in the young age group, patients BASDAI score is higher and BMI is lower, and in the older age group, patients BASDAI score is lower and BMI is higher than each other indicating higher disease activity in the younger patients than older patients. An inverse correlation between VAS and age further substantiates our previous finding.
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    Effect of PGRs on Cucurbits: An Overview
    (Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-11) Rajbhar, P; Gurumurthy, N.; Faruk, M; Singh, AK; Singh, SK.
    Cucurbits, a popular vegetable, can thrive in deserts and moist tropics. The family Cucurbitaceae contains 118 genera and about 825 species. These crops are mostly grown in India during the summer and rainy seasons, with certain southern and western regions cultivating them in winter. These crops are annual and perennial. PGRs in cucurbits have shown promise in improving crop growth, productivity, and quality. PGRs affect several physiological and developmental processes in cucurbits. There are different effects of the various kind of the PGRs in cucurbits such as watermelon with 25-50 ppm GA3 yielded earlier and more fruits. Fruit count rose with 250 and 500 ppm ethrel. The 40 ppm GA3 increased vegetative growth and production. TIBA (20 ppm) increased fruit weight and yield. In case of cucumber GA3 at 20 ppm and NAA at 100 ppm increased cucumber growth and production. Application of GA3 (20 ppm) at the 4-leaf stage enhances growth, flowering, and yield in bottle gourd. In bitter gourd fruit per plant, fruit weight, and yield increased significantly with GA3 at 60 ppm. Ethrel at 50 ppm improved fruit set and weight. Gibberex treatments increased fruit quantity, weight, and yield per plant. Further study and fieldwork are needed to understand PGRs and determine the appropriate effects for cucurbits.
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    Effect of Washing and Non-washing of Seeds on Growth of Papaya Seedlings (Carica papaya L.) cv. Pusa Nanha
    (Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-11) Giri, AN; Sharma, A; Mehta, A; Dahiya, P; Singh, SK.
    The present experiment was carried out to investigate the response of washing and non- washing of seeds on growth of papaya seedling at the CRC Farm, ITM University, Gwalior (M.P.). The experiment was set up in the Randomized Block Design using 4 media with or without washing of seeds with tap water comprising 12 treatments combinations (viz., controlled (soil + water), vermiwash (50%) + wood dust, vermiwash (50%) + cocopeat, vermiwash (50%) + pond soil, cow-urine (50%) + wood dust, cow-urine (50%) + cocopeat, cow-urine (50%) + pond soil, vermiwash (100%) + wood dust, vermiwash (100%) + cocopeat, vermiwash (100%) + pond soil, cow-urine (100%) + wood dust, cow-urine (100%) + cocopeat, cow-urine (100%) + pond soil which were replicated thrice. For experimental purpose, freshly ripe fruits of papaya were purchased from the papaya-growing farmer of IARI, New Delhi and seeds were sown in the poly bag (4x24 inch sized). The results indicated that the application of application of Vermiwash (100%) + pond soil recorded maximum height of seedling (cm), number of leaves per seedling, stem diameter (cm), leaf area (158.41 cm2), fresh weight of seedling (8.49g), dry weight of seedling (1.17 g), dry weight of shoot (0.334g), dry weight of root (0.779), root/shoot ratio (2.34) as compared to without washing of seeds and other rooting media. Thus, application of Vermiwash (100%) + pond soil was found to the best treatment among all the treatments and it gave the maximum growth attributes which will inturn improve the yield of papaya.
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    Genetic Variability in Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.): A Review
    (Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-11) Luthra, S; Singh, BP; Singh, R; Nagar, BL; Singh, SK.
    The estimation of variability parameters, particularly heritability and genetic gain, holds significant importance in assessing the potential for character improvement through selection. It is observed that selection based on highly heritable traits tends to yield more successful outcomes. Hence, the utilization of heritability, in conjunction with other measures of variability, enables the prediction of gains under specific selection intensities. Additionally, the concept of predicted genetic gain provides insight into the degree of change achievable in a trait through simple selection. However, the process of selecting for features related to yield and quality can be enhanced by having access to information regarding the correlation between these traits. This can be further improved by doing a path coefficient analysis to gain a deeper knowledge of the relationship between the important characteristics. In order to enhance the traits that did not exhibit a favorable response to selection, it becomes necessary to divide the non-additive component of genetic variance through the process of hybridization, which can be accomplished by conducting genetic divergence studies.
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    Impact of Jeevamrut formulations and biofertilizers on soil microbial and chemical attributes during potato cultivation
    (Open Science Publishers LLP, 2024-07) Gurjar, RPS; Bhati, D; Singh, SK.
    Application of jeevamrut, fortified with neem cake or vermitea, in combination with consortia of plant growth- promoting microorganisms such as Azotobacter, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) or Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) would attenuate the negative effects of synthetic fertilizers over microbial and physicochemical properties of soil. The present study was carried out during 2021–2022 and 2022-23 with two factors, namely Factor-J (Jeevamrut) of 4 levels and Factor-B (Biofertilizers) of 5 levels. Four levels of factor-J include three jeevamrut formulations with one control while five levels of factor-B include four biofertilizer combinations with one control. Observations of various soil-based parameters confirm a significant reduction in soil pH and electrical conductivity of soil after harvesting potato crops (variety Kufri Bahar) under different treatments in comparison to controls and the initial value. Further, the organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of soil were reported to be enhanced after the application of jeevamrut fortified with vermitea or neem cake. The efficacy of fortified jeevamrut can be further improved by adding a consortia of biofertilizers consisting of PSB and Azotobactor or VAM fungi. These treatments have also a significant effect on enhancing soil microbial activities.
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    Prevalence of Hypouricemia and Hyperuricemia and Looking Beyond Serum Uric Acid in Patients with Newly Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh: A Cross-sectional Study
    (Association of Physicians of India, 2023-05) Singh, SK; Singh, R; Singh, SK.
    Introduction: The prevalence of hyperuricemia (HU) and hypouricemia (Hypo-U) is highly variable in different parts of India and there is a lack of data from the Eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. We designed this study in order to know the exact prevalence of HU and Hypo-U. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Varanasi. Data were collected from newly onset diabetic patients over a period of 1 year. Results: Among the 312 diabetic patients, 12.5 and 19.23% were found to have HU and Hypo-U, respectively. Hypouricemic diabetic patients are phenotypically different. They are characterized by the female sex, higher glycated hemoglobin A1c (GlyHbA1c), higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), lower body mass index (BMI), and less insulin resistance. Conclusion: The prevalence of HU and Hypo-U is high in newly-onset diabetic patients. Hypouricemic diabetic patients are phenotypically different. Hence routine screening of uric acid is essential for proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment of hypouricemic diabetic patients.