Browsing by Author "Sharma, N."
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Item Assessment of knowledge Vis-à-vis Food Labels(Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India., 2022-09) Sharma, N.; Bahurupi, Y.; Singh, M.; Singh, A.; Aggarwal, P.Background: Public health initiatives focused on improving food at the community level to reduce the risk of nutritionrelated disorders have gained pace in light of the enormous illness burden associated with chronic diseases connected to nutrition. Delivering straightforward, pertinent, and understandable information regarding the nutritional value of food is the goal of Front of Package Labelling (FoPLs), which are intended to assist consumers in choosing healthier foods at the point of purchase. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study carried out online through a series of webinars using an online survey platform and a feedback-designed questionnaire to ascertain webinar participants' knowledge of front of package labeling. Results: Among the participants, only 75.4% correctly identified the characteristics of packaged foods that increase the risk of obesity. Also, it was found that 84.7% of the participants knew that food labels had to display complete nutritional information. About 93.6 percent of the individuals were aware of public health initiatives that raise awareness of FOPL. Only 38.9% of the individuals were aware that certain food products were free from labelling, in comparison. Conclusion: Front of package labelling (FOPL) regulation goals must be adopted in order to enable consumers to simply, quickly, and accurately identify items containing extra sugars, trans-fats, oils, and sodium. This will help the Government of India comply with WHO recommendations on unhealthy foods.Item Effect of COVID-19 on Menstruation: An Observational Study(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2023-06) Singh, M; Kaur, M; Verma, A; Sharma, N.Introduction: COVID-19 patients have been reported to have systemic complications. Analyzing its effect on the endocrine system is essential to ensure women’s reproductive health. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 disease on menstruation. Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from October 2021 to April 2022, using a validated questionnaire to collect the data. The study included females (15 to 49 years) who had confirmed COVID infection. Results: A total of 132 females participated in the study. For 29 (22%) patients presenting with menstrual cycle changes, most common change was prolonged cycle (14%). An increase in menstrual volume was reported by 12%, where as 35% of patients experienced more pain during menstruation. Menstrual irregularities were significantly higher in severe infection (p-value 0.04). Conclusion: There were transient changes in menstruation in COVID-19-infected patients, with a higher probability of menstruation abnormalities among severely infected patients.Item Prevalence of mastitis in cow heifers and associated risk factors in Himalayan region, India(Triveni Enterprises, 2020-07) Kour, S.; Sharma, N.; Huma, Z.I.; Devi, S.; Ahmed, T.; Singh, R.; Kumar, A.Aim: The present study was aimed to understand the prevalence of heifer mastitis and its associated risk factors in Jammu region.Methodology: A total of 250 pregnant heifers (1000 quarters) were screened, and lacteal secretions were collected from 915 quarters individually, in order to estimate the prevalence of heifers mastitis by culturing. The prevalence was estimated based on the results of microorganism culture. Results: The overall prevalence of heifer mastitis was 90.80% by cultural examination whereas only 30% of the animals produced clinical signs. The prevalence was higher in organized management system and prime risk factors associated with mastitis were season of calving, prepartum intra-mammary infections, poor udder hygiene, etc., in both organized and unorganized managements. Interpretation: High pre-valence of heifer mastitis (as evidenced by presence of microorganisms) is alarming situation for dairy farming in India. Season of calving, milk leakage at calving, prepartum IMI, poor udder hygiene, sanitation, beddings, floor type, and contact of heifers with older cows could be the important risk factors.Item Study to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection and to identify the causative organism and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in severe acute malnourished children(Educational Society for Excellence, 2017) Sharma, IK; Garg, KK; Saxena, D; Sharma, N.Background: Malnutrition generally implies under-nutrition and refers to all deviations from adequate and optimal nutritional status in infants, children and in adults. In children, under-nutrition manifests as underweight and stunting (short stature), while severely undernourished children present with the symptoms and signs that characterize conditions known as kwashiorkor, marasmus or marasmic-kwashiorkor. Materials and methods: The present study was carried out in the department of pediatrics and microbiology at UP Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Saifai, Etawah (U.P) during April 2014 to March 2015. Total 85 children were included in study. Results: Although under reported UTI is common in children with SAM as came out in our study. Prevalence of UTI is common (22.4%) in children with SAM in our study. In our study, Urinary tract infection was more common in females than males in SAM children with maximum prevalence among 37-59 months of age .but there is no significant difference between sex. Sharma IK, Garg KK, Saxena D, Sharma N. Study to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection and to identify the causative organism and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in severe acute malnourished children. IAIM, 2017; 4(7): 89-104. Page 90 Conclusion: Most sensitive first line oral Antibiotic was Nitrofurantoin and parentral antibiotic was Amikacin for UTI in children with SAM, in our study.