Browsing by Author "Sharma, M K"

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    Activity of glutathione related enzymes and ovarian steroid hormones in different sizes of follicles from goat and sheep ovary of different reproductive stages.
    (2001-11-22) Sesh, P S; Singh, D; Sharma, M K; Pandey, R S
    The investigations on enzymes related to glutathione like glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) have been carried out mostly in human and rat ovaries, however the studies on these enzymes in ruminants are relatively absent. In the present study the changes in the activity of these enzymes, in different sizes of follicles from goat and sheep ovaries of different reproductive stages, were investigated. The results demonstrated that the activity of the enzyme GST increased with the increase in size of the follicles from small to large follicles of follicular phase ovary and from small to medium follicles of luteal phase ovary in both the species, thereafter it decreased in large follicles of luteal phase ovary. There was increasing pattern in the activity of GSH-Px in the follicular phase follicles and a decreasing pattern in the luteal phase follicles from both the species. Thus the changes in the activity of glutathione related enzymes namely GST and GSH-Px in different size follicles from both the species during different reproductive phases are evident from the results. It is reasonable, therefore, to assume that these enzymes may have functional role in the steroid hormone metabolism in ruminant ovary as reported in human ovary.
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    Association of air pollution and mortality in the Ludhiana city of India: A time-series study.
    (2010-04) Kumar, Rajesh; Sharma, Suresh K; Thakur, J S; Lakshmi, P V M; Sharma, M K; Singh, T
    Background : With rapid industrialization, the quality of the air is being compromised in several Indian cities. Hence, the effect of air pollution on mortality was studied in the Ludhiana city of Punjab in northern India. Materials and Methods: Air quality and meteorological and mortality data were obtained for 2002-2004. Punjab Pollution Control Board monitored air quality on specific week days at different sites. Respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) (equivalent of PM 10 ) was measured by the gravimetric method and NOx and SO 2 by chemical method. The estimation of the daily average RSPM level was attempted by combining 24-h average of the monitoring stations working on a particular day. Sahnewal Airport records temperature, dew point, and relative humidity at 8.30 am, 11.30 am, and 5.30 pm. Visibility of fixed landmarks is observed manually every hour from 6.30 am to 6.30 pm. Daily death records were obtained from the civil registration system. The association between visibility as proxy for RSPM and mortality was established using the generalized additive model (GAM) with natural spline smoothers at 6, 3, 3 df in R software with deaths (excluding accidents) as a dependent variable. Smoothers for day of the week, temperature, and relative humidity were also included in the model. Results: Air quality monitoring days for different monitoring stations ranged from 86 to 138 per year. The annual mean RSPM ranged from 226.7 to 269 μg/m 3 , SO 2 from 11.6 to 20.9 μg/m 3 , and NOx from 32.2 to 46.3 μg/m 3 . The mean (SD) temperature was 25.6 (7.9)°C, relative humidity was 58.1 (19.3)%, and visibility was 3398 (1418) m. Overall 28,007 deaths were registered, with an average of 25.4 deaths (SD 5.8) per day. The association between air quality as indicated by visibility (haze) and daily mortality was found to be statistically significant. For every 1 km decrease in visibility at midday, mortality due to natural causes increased by 2.4%. Conclusions: In Ludhiana, air pollution levels were quite high. The air quality (as measured by visibility) was significantly associated with mortality.
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    Biochemical and hormonal characterization of follicles from follicular and luteal phase ovaries of goat and sheep.
    (1999-05-24) Singh, D; Sharma, M K; Pandey, R S
    Follicles from goat and sheep ovaries were characterized for their biochemical and hormonal parameters to investigate the effect of developmental stage of follicles on ovarian steroidogenesis. The follicles were isolated mechanically from follicular and luteal phase ovaries and divided in 6 morphologically different groups (small, medium and large follicular and small, medium and large luteal). Follicles were characterized for their contents of protein, DNA, estradiol-17 beta and progesterone and the activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. There was a progressive increase in the contents of all these biomolecules and activity of the enzyme as size of follicles increased in both the follicular and luteal phase ovaries. Follicles from follicular phase ovaries exhibited higher estradiol-17 beta content than those shown by luteal phase follicles. The reverse pattern was obtained for progesterone content. The results provide the basic data on biochemical and hormonal entities at different stages of follicular development in small ruminants which may be useful for in vitro studies on regulation of follicular development and steroidogenesis.
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    Changes in superoxide dismutase activity and estradiol-17 beta content in follicles of different sizes from ruminants.
    (1998-04-26) Singh, D; Sharma, M K; Pandey, R S
    Subcellular distribution of oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes has recently been demonstrated in goat ovary. In the present study the follicles of the follicular phase were isolated mechanically from goat and sheep ovaries and grouped as small (< 3 mm), medium (3-6 mm) and large (> 6 mm) follicles. The specific (units/mg protein) and total (units/g tissue) activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was estimated in homogenate of different sizes of follicles. The small follicles of both the species contained highest specific and total activity (6.99 +/- 1.49, 107.9 +/- 3.1 in sheep and 3.57 +/- 0.09, 76.5 +/- 4.0 in goat, respectively), whereas large follicles showed lowest specific and total activity (32.02 +/- 0.25, 80.4 +/- 5.5 in sheep and 1.71 +/- 0.06, 63.20 +/- 2.20 in goat, respectively). The estradiol-17 beta was also estimated and expressed as ng/follicle. The results show that estradiol-17 beta content was highest in large follicle (8.00 +/- 0.46 in sheep and 4.5 +/- 0.73 in goat). The content of estradiol-17 beta was increased progessively as the size of the follicles increased. From these findings, an inverse relationship was observed between SOD activity and estradiol-17 beta content in the follicles of different sizes from ruminants which may have functional role in follicle development and steroidogenesis.
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    Circadian variation of plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS) in cavitary and non-cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis.
    (1991-10-01) Singh, S; Singh, S K; Singh, S; Singh, R C; Sharma, M K
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    Circulating immune complexes in pre-eclampsia.
    (1991-09-01) Jain, A; Rohatgi, P; Singh, V K; Sharma, M K
    Serum samples from 20 non-pregnant women, 30 women with normal pregnancy and 50 women with pregnancy associated with pre-eclampsia were tested for circulating immune complexes using the polyethyleneglycol precipitation method. A highly significant positive correlation was found between circulating immune complexes and severe pre-eclampsia (BP greater than 140/90 mm Hg, albuminuria greater than 0.25 g/l). In contrast to this the difference in immune complex levels between non-pregnant subject, normal pregnancy cases and patients with mild pre-eclampsia was not statistically significant. A significant positive correlation was found between the level of circulating immune complexes and the severity of albuminuria. These findings suggest that circulating immune complexes, though not seeming to play an aetiological role in pre-eclampsia may very well be involved in its pathogenesis.
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    Correlation between two chemiluminescence based assays for quantification of hepatitis B surface antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.
    (2015-01) Gupta, E; Pandey, P; Kumar, A; Sharma, M K; Sarin, S K
    Purpose: Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) is the hallmark in diagnosing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In India many commercial assays are available for detection of HBsAg but very few can measure it quantitatively. The present study presents the comparative evaluation of two methods and their correlation with serum HBsAg in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients of CHB were included and there HBsAg levels were measured by two methods: (i) Elecsys, Roche Diagnostics, a qualitative assay and (ii) Architect, Abbott Diagnostics, a quantitative assay. The HBV DNA was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: Total of 136 patients were included in the study and there was a signifi cant overall correlation between both the assays (correlation coeffi cient [r] = 0.83; P < 0.001). Assays correlated well with each other across all subgroups of CHB: treatment naïve (r = 0.73; P < 0.001, n = 32), on treatment (r = 0.56; P < 0.05, n = 104), hepatitis Be (HBe) antigen positive (r = 0.67; P < 0.001, n = 62) and anti-HBe positive (r = 0.61; P < 0.05, n = 74) group. On correlation with serum HBV DNA, Architect assay demonstrated good correlation (r = 0.73; P < 0.001, n = 136) as compared to the Elecsys assay (r = 0.27; P = 0.068, n = 136). Architect HBsAg QT assay (A1) also correlated well with HBV DNA in the treatment naïve group (r = 0.69; P < 0.001, n = 32). Conclusions: Our study hence proved that both the assays are comparable and a simple qualitative assay with in-house modifi cation can be used easily for quatitation of HBsAg in clinical samples.
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    DNA isolation from goat blood using different brands of household detergents and its downstream application.
    (2006-10-30) Kumar, O Suneel; Sharma, M K; Singh, Dheer
    Rapid isolation of DNA from goat blood using different brands of detergents available in Indian market, is reported. The integrity and efficiency of these DNA preparations were compared with genomic DNA isolated by a standard kit (Flexi gene DNA kit), using amplification of exon 2 of CYP19 (aromatase) gene. The similar and significant amplification of this gene was obtained using genomic DNA isolated by kit and various detergents. However, among the detergents used, the Rin and Ezee were found to be the best to get DNA of high purity comparable to that obtained by kit.
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    Effect of anxiolytics on blood sugar level in rabbits.
    (2001-04-09) Dixit, R K; Puri, J N; Sharma, M K; Jain, I P; Singh, S; Ansari, N A; Singh, S P
    Anxiety disorders are more prevalent not only in normal individuals but also in diabetes mellitus. Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, and buspirone, an azaspirodecanedione, are the most often prescribed anxiolytics. Present study was aimed to investigate the effect of diazepam and buspirone on the blood sugar levels in rabbits. Buspirone (0.5 mg/kg/day p.o.) and diazepam (0.6 mg/kg/day p.o.) did not affect the glucose levels in rabbits even after one month of treatment. Present findings suggest that these two anxiolytics have minimal effect on blood sugar control.
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    Effect of isoniazid on insulin induced hypoglycemia in rabbits.
    (1989-10-01) Bharadwaj, S K; Jain, I P; Mishra, M L; Puri, J N; Kumar, N; Sharma, M K
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    Effect of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents on blood sugar level and on insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in albino rats.
    (1991-07-01) Gupta, N; Jain, I P; Sharma, M K; Puri, J N; Misra, M B; Misra, R K
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    Efficacy of itraconazole in the treatment of tinea versicolor.
    (2001-09-01) Mohanty, J; Sethi, J; Sharma, M K
    Twenty adult patients (15 males and 5 females) with extensive, clinically diagnosed tinea versicolor (TV.) resistant to topical agents, of long duration were selected. Laboratory investigations like KOH smear, routine haemogram, LFT, and RFT were done. They were given itraconazole (100 mg) orally twice daily for 5-7 days and followed up at the end of 1 week and again three weeks later. After one week itching, erythema and scaling subsided in 80% of cases. There was no recurrence during one year follow up.
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    Expression of mRNAs encoding tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its receptor-I in buffalo ovary.
    (2007-08-20) Madhusudan, G P; Dev, R; Sharma, M K; Singh, Dheer
    The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plays an important role in ovarian follicular development and ovulation process and acts through its receptor (TNFRI). The present investigation describes the expression of mRNAs encoding TNF-alpha and TNFRI in relation to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) and beta-actin as control genes, using RT-PCR, in granulosa cells, intact follicles and luteal tissues from buffalo ovary. There was significant higher expression of mRNAs encoding TNF-alpha in granulosa cells from medium follicles and TNFRI expression increased with increase in size of follicles. Post-ovulatory structures (corpus luteum and corpus albicans) exhibited significantly higher expression of TNFRI mRNAs as compared to that obtained in intact follicles suggesting its immediate and critical role just after ovulation, for mediating TNF-alpha action on these tissues. Though the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA was stimulated by treatment of granulosa cells with FSH during culture, the expression of TNFRI mRNA did not change. The FSH alongwith IGF-I did not exert any effect. These results suggested an important role of TNF-alpha and its receptor in buffalo ovarian functions.
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    Internet addiction as a comorbid condition among users with mild intellectual disability
    (Academy Publisher, 2020-06) Sharma, M K; Leeshma, B K; Prasad, K; Hamza, M A; Tadpatrikar, A; Thakur, P C; Singh, P.
    Background: Internet use provides the user with intellectual disability an opportunity for socialisation, entertainment, and knowledge. User with mild intellectual disability use internet more frequently during free time as well as for entertainment. The present case study is on the use of internet among users with mild intellectual disability. The users approached for management of addictive behaviour. Material and methods: Clinical interview, the Internet Addiction Test, the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire, and the Pornography Addiction Screening Tool were administered in individual setting. Results: The users found to have addictive use of internet, pornography, and game. It was associated with disturbance in their life style. Conclusions: It has implications for screening the addictive use of technology and their management among users with mild intellectual disability.
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    Multivariate analysis of groundwater quality data of District Jodhpur, Rajasthan (India).
    (2006-10-09) Sharma, M K; Jain, C K
    Multivariate analysis can be successfully used to determine the dominating constituents, which control the groundwater quality of a region. The ground water quality data of district Jodhpur was grouped as shallow aquifer (< 40 m depth) and deep aquifer (> 40 m depth). Principal Component Analysis was used to predict the dominating water quality constituents and it revealed that five principal components are accounted for the total chemical variability in the ground water quality of both aquifers. The common constituents-fluoride, nitrate, pH and potassium have perceptible influence on the quality of ground water of both aquifers of district Jodhpur.
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    Operationalisation of surveillance of communicable diseases in Chandigarh.
    (2005-09-04) Sharma, M K; Bhatnagar, T; Goel, N K; Verma, A; Swami, H M
    Weekly reports of listed communicable diseases from various departments and centres of Government Medical College, Chandigarh, involved in clinical care and laboratory diagnosis, compiled and forwarded by Department of Community Medicine, sub-nodal centre under National Surveillance Programme for Communicable Diseases (NSPCD), to Anti- Malaria-cum-Nodal Officer, NSPCD were analysed for a period of one year Out of 14,082 cases of various communicable diseases 9166 (64.62%) were of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI), 3586 (25.78%) of Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases (ADDs) and 576 (4.10%) of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. The proportion of ARI appeared higher among females while that of other diseases was higher among males. Most cases of ARI (76.5%) and Pneumonia (3.09%) reported in winter, ADDs (38.89%) and Pulmonary Tuberculosis (4.68%) in summer and Typhoid (1.57%) and Viral Hepatitis (1.23%) in monsoon season. No significant gender predilection was seen. Overall reporting of communicable diseases seen to be significantly more during winter and summer compared to monsoon season, with specific seasonal trends demonstrated by various morbidities.
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    Pattern of use of tobacco based products in urban area of Chandigarh.
    (2004-07-03) Goel, Naveen K; Sharma, M K; Bhatia, S P S; Bhatnagar, Tarun; Swami, H M; Kanwalpreet,; Renu,