Browsing by Author "Sharma, A K"

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    Abdominal tuberculosis in children.
    (1990-07-01) Sharma, A K; Agarwal, L D; Sharma, C S
    Problems in the management of abdominal tuberculosis in children are discussed with reference to 80 surgically proven cases. The protean clinical manifestation depends on the site and the extent of the disease and its complications. The clinical diagnosis is difficult because of the vague symptoms, non-specific signs, and non-availablity of specific diagnostic tests. The most common type of pathology seen in abdominal tuberculosis in the paediatrics age were adhesive variety followed by nodal type. Strictures of the small bowel are uncommon and hyperplastic variety is rarely seen in this age group. Response to the antitubercular drugs is excellent however, the post operative complications and mortality remain high.
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    Abdominal tuberculosis in children: experience over a decade.
    (1993-09-01) Sharma, A K; Agarwal, L D; Sharma, C S; Sarin, Y K
    This presentation deals with 110 surgically proven cases of abdominal tuberculosis in the pediatric age group. The protean clinical profiles and complications of the disease entity made the clinical diagnosis difficult; the investigations were also found non-pathognomonic. The most common type of pathology seen was adhesive variety followed by nodal type. Strictures of the small bowel were uncommon and hyperplastic variety was rarely seen in the present series. The pathogenesis relating to various varieties has been suggested based on the vast experience from a single institution.
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    Acute idiopathic gastric gangrene with perforation.
    (2010-10) Tiwari, N; Sharma, A K; Galagali, A; Kumar, M; Chand, K
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    Acute intestinal obstruction in children as seen in north west India.
    (1978-12-01) Rao, P L; Sharma, A K; Yadav, K; Mitra, S K; Pathak, I C
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    Aggressive angiomyxoma of the jejunum: a rare cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.
    (2007-10-18) Tiwari, N; Magu, S K; Ghoshal, U C; Sharma, A K
    Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding accounts for nearly 5% of all gastrointestinal haemorrhage and is frequently due to a lesion in the small bowel. We report the case of a male patient with obscure overt gastrointestinal bleed in whom repeated upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy, computed tomography scanning and exploratory laparotomy showed no specific pathology. However, on capsule endoscopy done subsequently, a small polyp in the jejunum was located and resected. Histology revealed an aggressive angiomyxoma. This type of small bowel lesion has not been reported in the literature before.
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    Alkyl ester prodrugs for improved topical delivery of ibuprofen.
    (2001-03-10) Bansal, A K; Khar, R K; Dubey, R; Sharma, A K
    Topical delivery of ibuprofen directly to the site of inflammation can overcome gastrointestinal side effects associated with its long term oral administration. The set of physicochemical properties necessary for optimum topical delivery of ibuprofen can be imparted by formation of its ester prodrugs. Various alkyl ester prodrugs (methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-buty, n-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, lauryl, cetyl and octadecyl esters) were synthesised and studied for their physicochemical properties and activity in the carrageenan induced rat paw oedema by topical route. Favourable shift in lipophilicity and self penetration enhancing effect of prodrugs responded in improved topical activity over the parent drug ibuprofen.
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    Analysis of the activity of promoters from two photosynthesis-related genes psaF and petH of spinach in a monocot plant, rice.
    (2000-12-18) Mohanty, A; Grover, M; Chaudhury, A; Rizwan-ul-Haq, Q; Sharma, A K; Maheshwari, S C; Tyagi, A K
    The subunit III of photosystem I and ferredoxin-NADP(+)-oxidoreductase are encoded by nuclear genes, namely psaF and petH. The activity of their promoters from spinach has been evaluated in transgenic tobacco earlier. Evaluation of the activity of these Dicotyledoneae-specific promoters has been carried out in a monocot system (i.e. rice) by transient gene expression system, based on electroporation-mediated gene delivery into protoplasts from leaves and roots. It has been found that various promoter deletions show higher activity in leaf protoplasts and elements for quantitative response are widely distributed. Transgenic rice has also been produced with a petH promoter and gus reporter gene construct. Although petH promoter is a weak promoter in comparison to the 35S promoter, it expresses well in green tissues and could be useful for plant genetic engineering.
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    Appendicitis in the newborns.
    (1992-10-01) Sharma, A K; Shukla, A K; Agarwal, L D; Gupta, A; Sharma, C S; Sharma, S C
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    Association of Helicobacter pylori with peptic perforation in Chattisgarh region of India.
    (2000-01-03) Sharma, A K; Mittal, S; Malvi, S K
    BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is present in over 90% cases of peptic ulcer. There are very few reports regarding prevalence of H. pylori infection in peptic ulcer perforation which is the commonest complication of peptic ulcer disease. In the present study we have drawn this association. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 44 cases of peptic perforation were included in this study. Per-operative biopsy was taken from the margin of perforation. The criteria for H. pylori positivity were, Positive Rapid Urease Test and evidence of H. pylori infection on histological examination using Modified Giemsa and H&E stains. RESULTS: Prevalence of H. pylori infection in peptic perforation was 61.4%. This is well above the usual prevalence in normal population of 45%. H. pylori infection was significantly more common in cases of chronic dyspepsia (> 6 months) and not significantly related to sex, blood group, addiction, family history of acid peptic disease and previous H2 blocker therapy. INFERENCE: H. pylori is found more commonly in patients with peptic ulcer perforation than in those without.
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    Auxotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae as an additional epidemiological marker.
    (1992-09-01) Agarwal, S K; Deb, M; Prakash, K; Sharma, A K
    Auxotypes and penicillin sensitivity of 102 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were studied. Ten distinct auxotypes on the basis of growth requirement to seven amino acids were observed. The commonest pattern seen was zero auxotype (33.3%), followed by auxotype requiring proline (18.6%). MIC of 72 (71.5%) strains ranged from < 0.003 IU/ml to 0.062 IU/ml of benzyl penicillin. MIC of the other 30 (29.5%) strains was found to be > or = 0.125 IU/ml, indicating penicillin resistance. None of the strains were penicillinase producers. A case of reinfection was also detected on the basis of change in auxotype pattern.
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    Avian flu and possible human pandemic.
    (2006-04-03) Lahariya, Chandrakant; Sharma, A K; Pradhan, S K
    Avian flu is affecting the poultry animals world over since first outbreak in 1997 in Hong Kong and has resulted in 92 human deaths and culling of more than 150 million poultry animals in Asia and Europe. The loss to the economy has also been enormous. 13 new countries, including India, reported occurrence of the disease in poultry animals in February 2006 only, to the World Health Organisation. This rapid rate of spread of virus along with notoriety of the virus for frequent genetic re-assortment, which might enable H5N1 to infect human beings, threatens of possible influenza pandemic since the last pandemic in 1968. The human influenza caused by this subtype of the virus (H5N1) has high case fatality of 54% and majority of affected humans are between the age of 5 to 23 years. Lack of effective vaccine, poor knowledge about treatment, and with scarcity of public health measures in developing countries are major causes of concern. The real threat of impending pandemic can be avoided only if we act immediately on the basis of currently available source of information and apply scientific knowledge rationally for containment and prevention of bird flu and treat human cases promptly.
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    Bacteriological findings of dysenteric disorders in Calcutta.
    (1967-11-01) Sharma, A K; Majumdar, S K; Chakrabarty, A N
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    Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in asthma--a double blind study.
    (1975-11-01) Radha, T G; Viswanathan, R; Sharma, A K
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    Beneficiary level factors influencing Janani Suraksha Yojana utilization in urban slum population of trans-Yamuna area of Delhi.
    (2013-09) Vikram, K; Sharma, A K; Kannan, A T
    Background & objectives: Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), a conditional cash transfer scheme introduced to improve the institutional delivery rates and thereby reduce the maternal and infant mortality was implemented in all States and Union Territories of India from 2007. The present study was carried out to identify the beneficiary level factors of utilization of JSY scheme in urban slums and resettlement colonies of trans-Yamuna area of Delhi. Methods: A cross-sectional community based survey was done of mothers of infants in the selected areas of the two districts by stratified random sampling on a population proportionate basis. Socio-demographic factors, antenatal services availed and distance of nearest health facility were studied. Outcome variable, a beneficiary, was a woman who had ever interacted with the ASHA of her area during the antenatal period of previous pregnancy and had child birth in an institution. Descriptive tables were drawn; univariate analysis followed by multiple logistic regression was applied for identifying the predictors for availing the benefits. Results: Of the 469 mothers interviewed, 333 (71%) had institutional delivery, 128 (27.3%) had benefited from JSY scheme and 68 (14.5%) had received cash benefits of JSY. Belonging to Hindu religion and having had more than 6 antenatal check ups were the significant predictors of availing the benefits of JSY. Conclusion: There is a need to improve the awareness among urban slum population about the utilization of JSY scheme. Targeting difficult to access areas with special measures and encouraging more antenatal visits were essential, prerequisites to improve the impact of JSY.
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    Benign and malignant breast disease presenting to Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital.
    (2005-10-02) Sharma, A; Bandari, R; Gilbert, D; Sharma, A K
    OBJECTIVE: In the absence of formal breast screening services in Nepal, patients must self present upon developing symptoms relating to the breast. Clinical examination and diagnostic tests are then used to differentiate benign and malignant conditions. Referral / presentation patterns are not well studied and this paper aims to investigate this. METHOD: Here we present the clinico-pathological diagnoses of patients presenting to Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital with breast related complaints within a six month period, and report upon their subsequent management. RESULTS: 727 patients presented with breast related complaints, of whom 34 were diagnosed with breast cancer. These tended to present at late stage and their subsequent management is discussed. CONCLUSION: As the incidence of breast cancer in Nepal is likely to be under-reported and more than likely rising, patient awareness campaigns are underway in order to facilitate the earlier diagnosis of malignant disease and thus beneficially influence treatment outcomes. To this end the need for the development of dedicated breast services is highlighted.
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    Blood transfusion: does it cause leucocytosis and relative lymphocytopenia?
    (1999-07-26) Sharma, N K; Srivastava, S S; Sharma, H L; Dhanda, R; Sharma, A K
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    Carcinoma in Graves' disease.
    (1995-09-01) Thakur, S; Sharma, A K; Agarwal, A; Mishra, S K; Bhatia, E
    Association of thyroid carcinoma in thyrotoxicosis is uncommon. Preoperative diagnosis of such association is difficult. In a retrospective study of 49 operated cases of Graves' disease (GD) such an association was found in four patients. Findings of a palpable nodule, calcification and a cold nodule on scanning in Graves' disease should increase suspicion for such an association and a frozen section study should be underken in all these cases during surgery to exclude possible co-existing malignancy.
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    A case of disseminated histoplasmosis treated successfully with ketoconazole.
    (1988-11-01) Sharma, A K; Dhar, A; Murti, P K; Deshpande, S; Dhar, P
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    Citrus tissue culture employing vegetative explants.
    (2001-11-22) Chaturvedi, H C; Singh, S K; Sharma, A K; Agnihotri, S
    Citrus being a number one fruit of the world due to its high nutritional value, huge production of fruits and fruit products, the citrus industry may be considered a major fruit industry. Though citrus orchard area in India is comparable to USA, the produce is far less, while its export is nil. Biotechnology has played an outstanding role in boosting the citrus industry, e.g., in Spain, which is now the biggest exporter of citrus fruit with the application of micrografting. Amongst the fruit trees, perhaps the maximum tissue culture research has been done in citrus during the past four decades, however, the results of practical value are meagre. The shortfalls in citrus tissue culture research and some advancements made in this direction along with bright prospects are highlighted, restricting the review to vegetative explants only. Whilst utilization of nucellar embryogenesis is limited to rootstocks, the other aspects, like, regeneration and proliferation of shoot meristems measuring 200 microm in length--a global breakthrough--of two commercially important scion species, Citrus aurantifolia and C. sinensis and an important rootstock, C. limonia, improvement of micrografting technique, cloning of the same two scion species as well as some Indian rootstock species, employing nodal stem segments of mature trees, of immense practical value have been elaborated. A rare phenomenon of shift in the morphogenetic pattern of differentiation from shoot bud differentiation to embryoid formation occurred during the long-term culture of stem callus of C. grandis. Stem callus-regenerated plants of C. aurantifolia, C. sinensis and C. grandis showed variation in their ploidy levels and a somaclonal variant of C. sinensis, which produced seedless fruits was isolated. Tailoring of rooting in microshoots to a tap root-like system by changing the inorganic salt composition of the rooting medium, resulting in 100% transplant success, and germplasm preservation through normal growth culture of shoots of C grandis without loss of regeneration capacity during 31 years, observed so far, are some other significant results. Plants of C. aurantifolia and C. sinensis raised from shoot meristem and micrografting were grown in a nethouse and those from nodal stem segments in the field along with the in vitro-raised plants of rootstocks, namely, C. jambhiri, C. karna and C. limonia. All the plants showed normal healthy growth. Significantly enough, the meristem regenerated plants of C. aurantifolia attained the reproductive phase just in 1 year of transplantation to soil similar to those raised from nodal stem segments of mature trees, which also produced normal fruits in the subsequent year while growing under field conditions. Thus, a significant fundamental concept of a maturity factor, carried over through as small a shoot meristem as 200 microm in length to cloned plants has been demonstrated. The concept is of far-reaching significance in citrus industry besides production of pathogen-free orchards.