Browsing by Author "Sarkhel, Sumana"

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    Antivenom potential of chitosan gold nanoparticles
    (The CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR) (formerly known as NISCAIR)., 2025-01) Saha, Kanchan; Sarkhel, Sumana
    Nanoparticle molecules have gained interest in medicine due to their properties of increased cellular uptake and efficacy. Keeping this in mind, the current study aimed to explore the neutralizing potential of chitosan gold nanoparticles (CH-AuNP) against the venom of Vipera russelli, in in vitro and invivo studies. UV-Vis Spectra of CH-AuNP exhibited absorbance at 530 nm. Dynamic light scattering report corroborated that there was a formation of monodispersed nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameter of about 89.65 nm. The zeta potential of CH-AuNP was found to be 24.7 mV. X-ray diffraction analysis of CH-AuNP which confirmed the cubic crystal shape of the gold nanoparticles. SEM studies of the synthesized CH-AuNP exhibited particle sizes ranging from 7 to 18 nm.In vitro haemagglutination, enzyme assays and coagulation effect of venom on blood were tested with and without the presence of CH-AuNP. Invivoassays included lethality, haemorrhage and nephrotoxicity with and without the presence of CH-AuNP. Results obtained in the anti-haemolytic assay with chitosan and CH-AuNP revealed 86.72% and 93.01% protection against viper venom induced haemolysis. The CH-AuNp also accorded significant protection against venom induced coagulation and proteolytic activity. The invivo studies revealed that the CH-AuNP neutralized venom induced lethargy and haemorrhagic activity. It can therefore be stated that the CH-AuNP can potentially have a therapeutic effect on venom induced patho-physiological changes.
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    Herbs and herbal constituents active against snake bite.
    (2010-09) Gomes, Antony; Das, Rinku; Sarkhel, Sumana; Mishra, Roshnara; Mukherjee, Sanghamitra; Bhattacharya, Shamik; Gomes, Aparna
    Snake bite, a major socio-medical problem of south east asian countries is still depending on the usage of antisera as the one and only source of treatment, which has its own limitations.  In India, mostly in rural areas, health centres are inadequate and the snake bite victims mostly depend on traditional healers and herbal antidotes, as an alternative treatment. The present review has been focussed on the varied folk and traditional herbs and their antisnake venom compounds, which might be a stepping stone in establishing the future therapy against snake bite treatment and management.
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    Invitro inhibition of Daboia russelii (Shaw & Nodder) venom with alginic acid-based silver nanoparticles
    (The India Publications and Information Directorate (CSIR-NISCAIR), 2024-07) Saha, Kanchan; Parua, Poulami; Sarkhel, Sumana; Jamal, Nuzhat Ara
    Envenomation by Russell’s viper [Daboia russelii (Shaw & Nodder, 1797)] is a major medical emergency in tropical countries. The antivenom therapy is a conventional remedy for such medical emergency, but it has limitations and side effects. Nanomedicine and nanotechnology are the most prospective areas of research in the current scenario. In the present study, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of crudeDaboia russelli venom (VRV) was performed. Alginic acid-based silver nanoparticles (AgNP-ALG) were synthesized and characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). SNPs have average hydrodynamic size of 80.30 nm with 0.271 PDI. X-ray diffraction analysis of AgNP-ALG, which confirmed the cubic crystal shape of silver. SEM studies of AgNP-ALG showed particle sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm. Spectroscopic analysis showed a decrease in the absorbance intensity of venom upon interaction with AgNP-ALG, indicating interaction with venom proteins. From the data available from fluorescence spectroscopy, it is evident that viper venom preincubated with AgNP-ALG causes quenching of fluorescence intensity. The results obtained by direct hemolytic assay,proteolytic activity and blood clotting test revealed venom action inhibition due to silver nanoparticles. Thus, in the present study we have emphasized that silver nanoparticles inhibit the action of Daboia russelli venom in vitro.
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    Preliminary studies of antivenom and antioxidant activities of Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. leaf extracts
    (The India Publications and Information Directorate (CSIR-NISCAIR), 2024-07) Jamal, Nuzhat Ara; Saha, Kanchan; Sarkhel, Sumana
    Medicinal plants are rich in biologically active phytoconstituents and therapeutic compounds that have wide applications in pharmaceutical industry. The ameliorative actions of such phytochemicals could be attributed to the presence of dietary fibre, detoxifying mediators, neuropharmacological agents, antioxidants, anticancer mediators, etc. In the present study, we investigated the in vivo antivenom potential of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br leaf extract (GSE)in experimental animal model. The study also investigated the antioxidant potential (in vitro) of GSE (aqueous and methanolic) along with qualitative phytochemical constituent tests. Phytochemical tests were performed by qualitative method to detect the presence of different phytoconstituents within the leaf. Different quantitative tests (DPPH scavenging, H2O2 scavenging, Ferric reducing activity) were performed. The IC50 value was determined from the different concentration. To detect the venom neutralization effects, in vitro PLA2 and in vivo lethality, haemorrhage, edema neutralization studies were performed. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of the leaf (400 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body wt.) provided protection against the lethal dose of venom and showed a successful anti-hemorrhagic and edema neutralization activity against Daboia russelli venom (DRV). In vitro PLA2 neutralization activity of the leaf showed up to 3-fold protection. Methanolic extract exhibited the significant results in both qualitative phytochemical analysis as well as in vitro antioxidant studies. The results specify that the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. possess antioxidant as well as antivenom potential and could act as a free radical inhibitor