Browsing by Author "SAXENA, RENU"
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Item Regulatory T cells: A review.(2012-11) DASGUPTA, ALAKANANDA; SAXENA, RENURegulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in the homeostasis of the immune system and in the modulation of the immune response. Tregs have emerged as key players in the development and maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance. Broadly speaking, CD4+ T cells possessing the ability to suppress immune responses can be divided into two types: naturally occurring (nTreg) and inducible (iTreg) or adaptive regulatory cells. Naturally occurring thymus-derived CD4+CD25+ Tregs are a subset of T cells which have immunosuppressive properties and are 5%–10% of the total peripheral CD4+ T cells. In normal conditions, Tregs regulate ongoing immune responses and prevent autoimmunity. Imbalanced function or number of these cells, either enhanced or decreased, might lead to tumour development and autoimmunity, respectively. These cells thus play a major role in autoimmune diseases, transplantation tolerance, infectious diseases, allergic disease and tumour immunity. These natural properties make Tregs attractive tools for novel immunotherapeutic approaches. The in vivo manipulation or depletion of Tregs may help devise effective immunotherapy for patients with cancer, autoimmunity, graftversus- host disease, infectious diseases and allergic diseases. It is crucial to understand the biology of Tregs before attempting therapies, including (i) the injection of expanded Tregs to cure autoimmune disease or prevent graft-versus-host disease or (ii) the depletion or inhibition of Tregs in cancer therapy. Recent findings in murine models and studies in humans have opened new avenues to study the biology of Tregs and their therapeutic potential. This overview provides a framework for integrating these concepts of basic and translational research.Item Seroprevalence of Covid-19 infection among healthcare workers: A study from a tertiary care hospital in the National Capital Region of India(All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 2022-08) KATARIA, SUSHILA; DESWAL, VIKAS; GUPTA, VAIBHAV; PHOGAT, RASHMI; SARMA, SMITA; SAXENA, RENU; ALAM, SAZID; TREHAN, NARESH; KUMAR, KULDEEP; SINGH, PADAM; SHARMA, POOJA; SINGH, MANISH; DUTT, ROHITBACKGROUND Seroprevalence studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can provide information on the target populations for vaccination. We aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence among healthcare workers (HCWs) at our tertiary care institution and to identify parameters that may affect it. METHOD We assessed seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 by the chemiluminescence immunoassay test among 3258 HCW in our hospital and evaluated as per gender, age, their previous Covid-19 diagnosis, role in hospital and type/risk of exposure. RESULTS Of 3258 participants, 46.2% (95% CI 44.4%– 47.9%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (i.e. IgG ?15 AU/ml). Higher seroprevalence was seen in non-clinical HCWs (50.2%) than in clinical HCWs (41.4%, p=0.0001). Furthermore, people with a history of Covid-19 were found to have significantly higher antibody levels (p=0.0001). Among the HCWs, doctors and nurses had lower relative risk (RR) of acquiring Covid-19 infection (RR=0.82; 95% CI 0.76–0.89) compared to non-clinical HCWs. CONCLUSION Seroprevalence in HCWs at our hospital was 46.2%. Clinical HCWs had lower seroprevalence compared to non-clinical HCWs. Previous history of Covid-19 almost doubled the seropositivity, particularly in those with current infection.