Browsing by Author "Rodrigues, J"
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Item Absence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in health workers after hepatitis B vaccination.(1988-02-01) Israel, Z; Bose, M; Rodrigues, J; Aramkalle, B; Athalye, N; Pavri, K MItem AIDS-the Indian scene.(1992-08-01) Rodrigues, JItem Awareness & knowledge of AIDS & HIV risk among women attending STD clinics in Pune, India.(1997-09-05) Mawar, N; Mehendale, S; Thilakavathi, S; Shepherd, M; Rodrigues, J; Bollinger, R; Bentley, MThe present study attempts to understand the awareness, knowledge and risk to HIV/AIDS among two groups of women: one reporting sex-work (FSW) and second reporting other work (FOW) from two clinics in Pune. The patients are screened for HIV and enrolled in the study. This paper includes 711 women covered between May 1993 and April 1995, 409 FSW and 302 FOW women, who differed by several characteristics. The FSW are older, less educated, unmarried, staying away from home, speak Kannada with 60 per cent using condoms for preventing pregnancy. FOW are ever-married women and among Family Planning method users only 7 per cent used condoms and 84 per cent had tubal ligation. At enrollment 47 per cent FSW and 14 per cent FOW were HIV positive with less than one third of all the women reporting AIDS knowledge. Among the knowledgeable women, 82 per cent understood the sexual route, half knew of transmission by blood and a third understood the vertical route of transmission; 77 per cent FSW and 48 per cent FOW knew that condom was protective. FSW reporting consistent condom use in past three months had greater knowledge of AIDS transmission, were more likely to have used condoms as contraceptive or had tubal ligation and less likely to have history of STD. This suggests the HIV/AIDS awareness and educational programs are having a limited effect specially among the married women who do not perceive of the risk of STD/HIV from their spouses and requires urgent preventive measures through innovative approaches that focus on female controlled methods. It is of critical importance that family planning and STD/HIV programs be integrated.Item Circulating immune complexes in healthy, HIV-antibody positive subjects.(1991-03-01) Thakar, M; Rodrigues, J; Randive, S; Kulkarni, S; Banerjee, KThe components of the circulating immune complexes (CICs) were characterised in asymptomatic HIV seropositive individuals. Forty four of 214 individuals (20.56%) showed the presence of CICs. Specific HIV anti-HIV CICs were detected in 33 of them (75%). The isotypic specificity of antibodies found to these CICs was measured. IgG and IgA immunoglobulin classes were detected in CICs.Item Cross-sectional, Observational Study to Assess Clinical Role of Oral and Injectable Linezolid in Post-operative Diabetic Foot Ulcers: COOLD Study(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-05) Rodrigues, J; Mondkar, S; Rodrigues, F; Korukonda, KrishnaprasadBackground: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remain difficult to treat with likely incriminating risk factors involving Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Linezolid offers complimentary consistent action against MSSA and MRSApathogens making it an ideal choice for inpatient, switch or outpatient therapy for complicated skin and skin structureinfections.Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of injectable versus oral linezolid in the management ofpost-operative DFUs.Materials and Methods: Retrospective analyses of 100 cases receiving oral or injectable linezolid. A total of 100 subjectswere enrolled in this study. Two groups were made of 50 patients each and labeled as Group A and Group B. In Group A,tablet linezolid was given in a dose of 600 mg BD for 7 days. In Group B, injectable linezolid was given in a dose of 600 mgintravenous (IV) BD for 7 days. Clinical and bacteriological improvement was documented. In both groups tablet cefuroxime,500 mg BD was given for 7 days in conjunction with linezolid.Results: We found 90–100% improvement in wound infections and in culture reports. Results in both the groups receivingoral or IV linezolid for post-operative DFU healing were comparable when administered for 7 days. Linezolid offered hightherapeutic success rates (75–100%) against the incriminated pathogens of S. aureus with little action against Acinetobacteror Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusion: These results suggest that linezolid given empirically is highly effective in the treatment of DFUs. The equivocalclinical and microbiological eradication rates for oral and injectable formulations with 7 days therapy makes them less liable forresistance induction or development.Item HIV-2 antibodies in serum samples from Maharashtra state.(1992-09-01) Kulkarni, S; Thakar, M; Rodrigues, J; Banerjee, KTwo hundred serum samples were tested to detect the presence of HIV-2 infection in Maharashtra state. The serum samples were derived from various groups including those with high risk behaviour for HIV infection. All samples were tested by three combined HIV-1 and HIV-2 ELISA kits. The reactivity was confirmed by LiaTek HIV 1+2 immunoblot. The study confirmed that HIV-2 infection exists in Maharashtra, as 14 samples showed antibodies to HIV-2 and 14 showed antibodies to both HIV-1 and HIV-2. Antibodies to HIV-2 or HIV-1 and HIV-2 were detected mainly in persons with high risk behaviour.Item HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS Identification of Polyphenolic Phytochemicals in Different Market Classes of Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).(2015) Nyau, V; Prakash, S; Rodrigues, J; Farrant, JAim: The aim of the study was to screen the market classes of common beans popularly grown in Zambia for their polyphenolic phytochemical profiles. Methodology: Three market classes of common bean (red, grey mottled and brown) were investigated for their polyphenolic phytochemical profiles using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESIMS). Results: Various phenolic compounds were identified in the Zambian market classes of common beans. Quinic acid, a syringic acid derivative, ferulic acid derivatives, medioresinol, p-coumaric acid, catechin, gallic acid and ferulic acid were identified in all the market classes investigated. However, the isomers of ferulic acid derivatives observed were 4 in red, 3 in brown and 1 in grey mottled beans. Epicatechin was only identified in the red and grey mottled beans. A compound with the molecular ion at m/z 567, tentatively identified as a flavonone derivative was only observed in red beans. Catechin glucoside was only identified in grey mottled and brown beans. Compounds tentatively identified as kaempferol glucoside and carnosol were only observed in brown beans and not in the other market classes. Conclusion: The study has shown that the market classes of common beans investigated contain various polyphenolic compounds that may be useful as nutraceuticals. The study assumes that the diversity in the phenolic phytochemical profile is an excellent opportunity for genetic improvement in the nutraceutical attributes of these common bean market classes by crop breeders.Item Human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in spouses of seropositive individuals.(1993-07-01) Nandi, J; Banerjee, K; Thakar, M; Bhavalkar, V; Rodrigues, JBACKGROUND. Unprotected sex can lead to transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) to the spouse of an infected individual. We studied the incidence of HIV-1 infection in the spouses of cases diagnosed to have HIV-1 infection by serology and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODS. Blood samples collected from 9 index cases and their respective spouses were tested for HIV-1 infection by ELISA, Western blot (WB) and PCR as well as from 10 healthy individuals with no high-risk behaviour. DNA extracted from both plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells was amplified by PCR, using multiple primer pairs for distinct regions of the HIV-1 genome. Specificity of the PCR product was demonstrated by hybridization to an oligonucleotide probe. RESULTS. All the index cases which were seropositive by ELISA and WB were also positive by PCR of plasma extracted DNA. Eight of the spouses were seronegative. Of these seven were positive by PCR--one spouse was negative by ELISA but showed a p55 band on WB and was positive by PCR. One spouse was negative by serology and PCR. The spouse belonging to the lone concordant couple was positive by serology and PCR. Except for one index case, PCR signals were obtainable only from DNA extracted from plasma but not from the DNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The control samples were negative by serology and PCR. CONCLUSION. It is possible to detect HIV-1 infection by PCR using DNA extracted from plasma even when the individuals are negative by ELISA and WB. It can help in the early counselling of HIV infected persons and their spouses.Item Serum beta 2 microglobulin levels in HIV seropositive persons.(1992-07-01) Thakar, M; Rodrigues, J; Athalye, N; Banerjee, KAs beta 2 microglobulin (B2M) has been found to be elevated in immunological disorders and also in HIV infection, its levels were studied in 475 HIV seropositive, asymptomatic persons; 101 HIV seronegative persons from high risk groups for HIV and 99 healthy controls. The B2M levels in asymptomatic HIV seropositives are found to be significantly higher than healthy controls (1.0 mg/1 to 2.7 mg/1, P less than 0.001) and HIV seronegatives from high risk groups (1.1 mg/1 to 2.7 mg/1, P less than 0.001). Two hundred and thirty four (49.26%) seropositives showed increased levels of serum B2M. Thus, quantitative analysis of B2M may be useful as an early nonspecific marker of HIV infection and immune dysfunction. The prognostic value of B2M was assessed in a follow up study of 54 HIV seropositives in a 2 yr period. Within this period, B2M levels were found to be significantly increased in these subjects (1.2 mg/1 to 4.6 mg/1, P less than 0.001). Three of the subjects who showed high increase in the B2M levels, progressed to AIDS-related condition, whereas one progressed to persistent generalised lymphadenopathy. Thus, the rising levels of B2M appears to correlate well with disease progression.Item Use of garenoxacin: a new generation antibiotic for surgical infections.(2015-01) Rodrigues, J; Ramani, A; Mondarkar, S; Nazareth, M; Sobti, V; Krishnaprasad, KBackground: The management of skin and skin structure infections (SSSI) still continues to be global challenge. USFDA has given strong recommendation for adequate empirical antibiotic coverage to avoid further complication of the wounds. Wound complications, especially in the diabetic population, patients with low immunity remains a big challenge though other factors like site of the wound, age of the patients also play an important role. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted to analyze clinical utility of garenoxacin for surgical prophylaxis. A total of 100 patients, 30 patients with diabetic foot and 70 patients with post-surgical intraabdominal wounds who were prescribed garenoxacin 2×200 mg as stat dose prophylactically. Swab culture from the wound slough and drain tube samples were sent for culture/sensitivity on day 0, day 5, and day 7. Wound healing was evaluated by estimating slough discharge, size of the wound, vascularity, and overall healing. They were categorized as treatment failure group, when sough/drain-discharge reduction was ≤50%, improved if sough/drain-discharge reduction was 50-75% and cure when sough/drain-discharge reduction was 75-100%. Results: The healthy granulation tissue was observed post 7 days therapy of garenoxacin 2×200 mg in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients when administered empirically before surgical debridement. In patients with post-operative infectious intraabdominal wounds, the most common isolated organisms were Enterococcus, Acinetobacter and Klebsiella. Post garenoxacin therapy used as switch therapy empirically for 5 days resulted in 100% sterile culture. While evaluating slough/draindischarge in DFU patients, 84% patients showed cure and 16% showed improvement at the end of day 7 and in patients with post-operative infectious intra-abdominal wounds cure was observed in 86% patients showed cure and 14% patient showed improvement. No side effects were reported during the study. Conclusions: Administration of garenoxacin used as empirical therapy for surgical prophylaxis and as switch therapy in patients with DFU s and post-surgical infectious wounds for the period of 5-7 days has been found effective indicating its wide spectrum of action.