Browsing by Author "Ritvik,"

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    Effect of Consumption of Micronutrient Fortified Candies on the Iron and Vitamin A Status of Children Aged 3-6 years in Rural Haryana.
    (2007-11-07) Anand,; Lakshmy,; Janakarajan,; Ritvik,; Misra,; Pandey,; Kapoor,; Sankar,; Bulusu,
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of micronutrient fortified sugar candies in improving the iron and vitamin A status in children aged 3 to 6 years. DESIGN: Triple blind randomized controlled trial. SETTINGS: Anganwadis and preparatory schools in rural Haryana. METHODS: 410 children were randomized in four groups. One group received full dose candy (vitamin A 1000 IU and 14 mg elemental iron) daily, the second group received full dose candy for 3 days a week, the third group received half dose candy (vitamin A 500 IU and 7 mg elemental iron) daily and the fourth received placebo. The candies were provided to children under supervision of field workers. Hemoglobin, S. ferritin, S. retinol and S. retinol binding protein levels were estimated at baseline and after 13 weeks of intervention. RESULTS: The increase in hemoglobin was least in the placebo group (0.3 g/dL) as compared to the two full dose groups (1.15-1.18 g/dL, P <; 0.001). Among anemic children, the increase in hemoglobin was about 2 g/dL in the full dose group and 0.7g/dL in the placebo group (P <; 0.001). S. ferritin levels increased significantly only in the full dose daily group ( p <; 0.05). The prevalence of anemia decreased from around 50% at baseline to 9.6% in the full dose daily group (p <; 0.01). Based on the S. retinol levels, the study area was not vitamin A deficient and the intervention did not result in a significant improvement in the vitamin A status of the children. CONCLUSION: Micronutrient fortified candies were effective in improving the hemoglobin level and decreasing anemia prevalence. It could serve as a suitable vehicle for micronutrient supplementation in children and other target groups.
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    Profile of biochemical risk factors for non communicable diseases in urban, rural and periurban Haryana, India.
    (2008-03-14) Nongkynrih, Baridalyne; Acharya, Anita; Ramakrishnan, Lakshmy; Ritvik,; Anand, K; Shah, Bela
    BACKGROUND: Globalisation and increasing urbanisation in most developing countries including India raises concerns of possibility of a major increase in NCDs in these countries. WHO has recommended a STEPwise approach for NCD risk factor surveillance since risk factors of today are diseases of tomorrow. This paper presents the estimation of biochemical risk factors for NCDs undertaken as a part of the ICMR six centre study. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and levels of bio-chemical risk factors (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL and triglyceride levels) in urban, rural and periurban locations in Ballabgarh, Haryana. METHODOLOGY: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in urban, rural and periurban areas. A total of 1513 subjects were enrolled (501 in urban, 504 in periurban and 508 in rural areas) with equal distribution by area of residence, sex and age group. Fasting blood glucose and lipids were estimated using enzymatic kits. RESULTS: The mean levels of fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, TGL and low HDL were the highest in the urban area, though there was not much difference in the rural and periurban areas. There was also an increasing trend of all the parameters as age increased in both men and women. 11.4% of men in urban areas had fasting blood glucose above the cut off levels and 44.3% of urban men and women had high cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION: This study documents a high burden of biochemical risk factorsnot only in urban areas but also in the periurban and rural population. It has also brought out some technical and operational issues for carrying out biochemical risk factors surveillance in the community. There is a need to scale up from surveys to surveillance mode using appropriate tools and application of this information for policy planning and programme implementation.