Browsing by Author "Ritu"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Advanced maternal age and obstetric outcome
    (Medip Academy, 2020-03) Ritu; Mini
    Background: The objective of this study was to compare the adverse obstetric and perinatal outcome of pregnancies in women with advanced maternal age > 35 years with that of younger women in age group 20-34 years.Methods: A retrospective comparative study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology at Adesh Medical College over the period of one year from June 2017 to June 2018. The obstetric and perinatal outcome of 100 women with advanced maternal age (study group) was compared with those of 100 younger women aged 20-34 years (control group).Results: Among antenatal complications, women of advanced maternal age had increased incidence of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (26.6% versus 4.4%; p = 0.00009) and breech presentation (8.8% versus 1.1%; p = 0.04).  The rate of caesarean delivery was significantly higher in advanced maternal age (28.8% versus 17.7%; p = 0.05). In perinatal outcome, older women had significantly higher incidence of perinatal death (7.7% versus 0%; p = 0.01).Conclusions: Thus, from this study, it can be concluded that advanced age women had higher incidence of hypertensive disorder of pregnancies and mal presentation, were more likely to deliver by caesarean section and had increased incidence of perinatal death.
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    Analysis of Factors Associated with Success Journey of Newly Entered Medical Students in a Rural Medical College of Haryana
    (International Society for Contemporary Medical Research, 2020-01) Sharma, Seema; Kumari, Sneh; Kataria, Pooja; Banga, Diksha; Sindwani, Pooja; Dhingra, Neha; Saini, Jyoti; Ritu
    Introduction: Competition for admission to medical collegein India is intense as the number of applicants for nationaleligibility cum entrance test (NEET) always exceeds theavailable seats. The choice of a career in the medical fieldis a complex personal decision influenced by a multitude offactors. Current study was done with the objectives to studysocio-demographic profile of newly selected medical students,to assess reasons of choosing medical stream as a career andto determine the association of socio-demographic and otherfactors with number of attempts taken by the medical studentsfor selection.Material and methods: This was a cross–sectional studycarried out among 96 newly entered medical students ofMaharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha (Dist. Hisar),Haryana. Appropriate statistical tests like chi-square (χ2)test and Fisher’s exact test were applied and mean, mode,percentages were also measured.Result: Out of total 39 students (40.6%) belonged to familywhere one or more member was in medical profession.However 86 students (89.6%) choose the medical professionby their own choice. Most of students (72.9%) were attendingregular classes during 11th & 12th in their schools. Maximumnumber of students (46.9%) cleared the NEET in their 2ndattempt. Maximum selection was in students who spent 9-12hours for study for preparation. Out of total 60.4% studentsspent 5-7 hours for sleep during preparation period. Out oftotal 91.7% students were joined coaching for preparationpurpose. Majority of students (67.7%) migrated from theirnative place for study purpose.Conclusion: In our study maximum students have chosenmedical profession because of their personal interest. Inpresent study maximum newly entered medical students werethose who have attended schools regularly in 11th and 12thclasses. Adequate sleep hours for students play constructiverole in favorable outcome.
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    Characterization of Hepatobiliary Masses: A Comparative Study of Ultrasound versus Computed Tomography
    (Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2019-05) Chander, Ramesh; Ritu; Ohri, Poonam; Neki, N.S.
    Detecting and characterization of hepatobiliary masses is one of the most confusing and controversial challenges in imaging today. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the role of Ultrasound and Computed Tomography in hepatobiliary masses and know the exact site of origin of lesion and its extension into surrounding structures. Methods: In this study, 100 cases of hepatobiliary masses were subjected to with USG and CECT abdomen. Imaging findings were evaluated and tabulated and correlated with the histopathological findings, surgical findings and follow up. The findings were checked and statistically tabulated. Results: Out of a total 100 patients included for study, most patients were in age range of 51 – 60 years. Males : Females ratio was 55 : 45. Out of 100 cases 73% were hepatic masses, 18% gall bladder masses and 8% common bile duct masses. 51 being true benign and 49 lesions being true malignant. Sensitivity (%) and Specificity (%) of diagnosing these lesions on USG was 84.5% and on 86.6% respectively. Sensitivity (%) and Specificity (%) of diagnosing these lesions on CT was 92.2% and on 94.8% respectively. Conclusion: Hepatobiliary masses remain a diagnostic challenge. These lesions are frequently caused by benign, malignant and metastatic etiologies. We conclude that USG plays an important role as an initial screening modality and as an adjunct to CECT and Triphasic CT in the evaluation of hepatobiliary masses.
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    Immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device insertions in caesarean and vaginal deliveries: a comparative study
    (Medip Academy, 2020-10) Ritu; Mini
    Background: Post-partum family planning is prevention of unintended and closely spaced pregnancies during first 12 months following childbirth. Postpartum IUCD is the best method of all as it is the safest, most effective, has no effect on breast feeding, reliable and with minimum complications.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in AIMSR Bathinda on 400 postpartum patients. It was a prospective, observational study of women who received PPIUCD in our region.Results: Out of total 400, 58% had normal vaginal delivery and 42% had cesarean section. PPIUCD was done in all cases after applying exclusion criteria and the females were called for follow up.  53% cases who had cesarean and 47% of normal vaginal delivery turned up for follow up. Acceptance is more in multipara (20.7%) than in primi patients (13.7%). Almost 90% patients had good continuation rate. There were few problems faced by patients like irregular bleeding for first few months, pain lower abdomen, leucorrhea etc. which were removed by good counseling and some treatment like NSAIDs for bleeding.Conclusions: The acceptance of PPIUCD was high in present study in both types of females delivered by normal vaginal delivery or post LSCS but with good counseling efforts. It was safe and effective and had high retention rate when done at good timing by trained service provider that is within 10 minutes of placental delivery. So the need of time is creating awareness of public towards it and removing fear from minds, breaking taboos and myths.
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    A Morphological Study of Ponticuli of the Human Atlas Vertebrae and its Clinical Significance.
    (2015-10) Akhtar, M d Jawed; Fatima, Nasreen; Ritu; Kumar, Vinod
    BACKGROUND: The first cervical vertebra, atlas plays a vital role in the movement of skull & neck. The anatomy of atlas is complex due to its three dimensional structure. There is a groove on superior surface of posterior arch of atlas for passage of 3rd part of vertebral artery and first cervical spinal nerve (suboccipital nerve). Sometimes the oblique ligament of atlas which is present at the lower border of posterior atlanto-occipital membrane may ossify and convert this groove into a foramen. This foramen may be complete or incomplete, In some cases a bony bridge also extends from lateral masses of atlas to the posterior root of transverse process and form an additional foramen through which vertebral artery travels. The vertebral artery is prone to compression in its entire course between foramen transversarium and foramen magnum during extreme rotation movement of head & neck. This condition may be aggravated by the presence of these ponticuli & results in compromised blood flow and causes vertebrobasilar insufficiency presenting with dizziness, fainting, vertigo, transient diplopia & various neurological disturbances. MATERIALS & METHODS: The present study was carried out on 118 (Male-62, Female-56) dried fully ossified adult human atlas of known sex for the presence of complete or incomplete ring for vertebral artery i.e. different ponticuli on the superior surface of the atlas vertebra. RESULTS: We observed 21.17% cases of ponticulus posterior in which 7.62% specimens had complete ring while 13.55% specimens had incomplete ring & ponticulus lateralis was reported only in 5.93% cases (unilateral: 2.54% & bilateral: 3.39%). Incidence of ponticulus posterior as well as lateralis were more common in male as compared to female. Complete ponticulus posterior was more common in right side, while incomplete ponticulus posterior as well as ponticulus lateralis were more commonly bilaterally. CONCLUSION: As indicated by our study, ponticulus posterior as well as lateralis are not so rare anomaly in the population of Bihar. So, the detail knowledge about these variations is very helpful to the neurophysicians, neurosurgeons, orthopedicians & otolaryngologists who faces regularly the patients complaining about the symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. These informations are also important for the spine surgeons to prevent vascular complications during spinal surgeries especially in those patients who required screw placements in the lateral mass of atlas.
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    Obstetrical outcome of pregnancy complicated with first trimester bleeding and subchorionic hematoma
    (Medip Academy, 2020-01) Agarwal, Kiran; Ritu; Singh, Amrita; Singh, Anjali; Mishra, Amrita
    Background: First trimester bleeding complicates around 20-27% of pregnancy. Objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the feto-maternal and pregnancy outcome in patients presenting with live pregnancy complicated with first trimester bleeding and subchorionic hematoma with those without subchorionic hematoma.Methods: In this prospective observational study, based on ultrasonography, live pregnancies were categorized into two groups, first group having first trimester bleeding with subchorionic hematoma and second with first trimester bleeding only without any hematoma. They were evaluated for the end outcome of pregnancy in terms of abortion and continuation. Continued pregnancies were evaluated for antenatal complications, delivery and intrapartum events along with fetal outcomes.Results: Outcome of pregnancies presenting with first trimester bleeding in terms of abortion was similar in both the groups, 22.8% and 21.5% with hematoma and without hematoma respectively. Incidence of preeclampsia was 11.4% and Fetal growth restriction was 7% in pregnancies with first trimester bleeding with hematoma and was significantly higher than those without hematoma which was 3.07% for preeclampsia and 3% for fetal growth restriction. Incidence of antepartum haemorrhage was higher in hematoma group but the result was not statistically significant. 20% pregnancies with first trimester bleeding with hematoma had preterm deliveries, while it was 7.7% in pregnancies without hematoma and the difference was statistically significant. Low birth weight had occurred in 20% of babies in first group of patients while 4.6% in second group, difference being statistically significant.Conclusions: We found that live pregnancies with first trimester bleeding and subchorionic hematoma were associated with similar risk of miscarriage and antepartum haemorrhage while increased risk of preeclampsia, fetal growth restrictions, preterm birth, non-reassuring fetal heart pattern, caesarean delivery and low birth weight baby when compared to patients with first trimester bleeding without subchorionic hematoma. There was no difference in 5 minutes Apgar score and the NICU admission in both the groups.
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    A Rare Case Report Of Retained Metallic Intraocular Foreign Body In Anterior Chamber Presenting As Hypopyon With Corneal Ulcer
    (Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2023-07) Patel, Namrata; Ritu; Mohan, Shalini; Mishra, Suraj
    Retained Intraocular Foreign Body (IOFB) following Penetrating Ocular Trauma is a vision-threatening condition but timely investigations, Diagnosis and management can save Vision and reduce complications . Patients of Ocular Trauma with no clear cut history of Penetrating injury and Cases which are Non-responding to appropriate treatment following Ocular Trauma should be considered for Surgical Exploration.
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    To Determine the Percentage of Isoniazid Monoresistant Tubercular Mutations Via Kat G V/S INH A Genes
    (Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2019-03) Mahajan, Sandeep; Gurleen; Guriqbal; Lakhvir; Singh, Ashi; Ritu; Neki, N S
    Some important challenges for TB control strategies include the increasing prevalence and rapid distribution of drug-resistant TB. Recently, this concern has been further intensified by reports of multi drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant-TB (XDR-TB). Although resistance to first and second line drugs poses the important risk to patients, resistance to isoniazid (INH) alone is also important. INH is the most potent anti-TB drug and is the main part of any first-line treatment regimen for TB. Our objective is to determine the percentage of isoniazid monoresistance mutations via Kat G v/s Inh A gene. Methods: We conducted a retrospective record review of 100 INH monoresistant TB patients without rifampicin resistance registered during Feb 2017 - March 2018. Results: Of the 100 INH monoresistant patients taken in a year, 82% were found to be resistant via Kat G gene and only 18% were found to be resistant for Inh A gene. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study showed increased prevalence of isoniazid resistance via Kat G gene mutation than with Inh A gene.
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    To Study The Role Of Suprachoroidal Injection Triamcinolone In Non-Infectious Uveitis
    (Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2023-06) Singh, Parul; Ritu; Mohan, Shalini; Khan, Perwez; Agarwal, Surbhi; Patel, Namrata
    Purpose:- The research was done to study the role of Suprachoroidal injection of Triamcinolone in patients of newly diagnosed non-infectious anterior, non-infectious intermediate and non-infectious posterior Uveitis and to evaluate the course of the disease and to evaluate the complications of Triamcinolone via Suprachoroidal route . Methods:- In our study, 60 patients of newly diagnosed Non-infectious Uveitis were included & given Suprachoroidal injection Triamcinolone after required investigations. Improvement assessment done by comparing Pre- Injection & Post injection visual acuity, Slit lamp examination, Fundus photo, & OCT Changes. Results:- In our study, Log MAR visual acuity Improvement in Non-infectious Anterior, Intermediate and Posterior Uveitis patients after 3 months follow up of Suprachoroidal injection Triamcinolone were highly Signi?cant (p<0.0001),& also there was (p<0.000001) highly Signi?cant reduction in Central Macular Oedema. Conclusions:- Our study shows that suprachoroidal administered Triamcinolone is a highly ef?cacious treatment option for non infectious anterior uveitis as evidenced subjectively (improved visual acuity) and objectively from OCT .Furthermore dreadful complications like raised IOP, endophthalmitis, are less likely to occur as ocular cavity is not penetrated in this route.