Browsing by Author "Rao, Namrata"

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    Difference in Antihypertensive Medication Pattern in the First Year Compared to More than a Year of Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Northern India Tertiary Care Experience
    (Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 2022-07) Chandra, Abhilash; Rao, Namrata; Srivastava, Divya; Mishra, Prabhaker
    Introduction?There is a high prevalence of hypertension in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Information regarding prevalent pattern of antihypertensive medications will help modify it to prevent future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods?In this cross-sectional study, patients on maintenance hemodialysis, aged ?18 years visiting Nephrology outpatient department (OPD) from April 2019 to May 2020 were included. The patients were divided into two groups based on their dialysis vintage, ?12 months and >12 months. Their antihypertensive medication patterns and two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography (ECHO) findings were compared. Independent t-test was used to compare continuous variables. One-way analysis of variance was used to study the antihypertensive drug-dosing pattern in both the groups. Results?Out of 250 patients, 131 had a dialysis vintage of ?12 months, whereas 119 had a vintage of >12 months. There was no significant difference in the number of antihypertensive agents used in either of the vintage groups. Calcium channel blockers (87.02 and 89.07%, respectively, in ?12 and >12 months' vintage groups) and ? blockers (64.12 and 65.54%, respectively, in ?12 and >12 months' vintage groups) were the commonly used antihypertensive agents. Metoprolol use was higher in ?12 months' group, whereas carvedilol usage was higher in >12 months' group (p?=?0.028). Mean pill burden was more than five in both the groups. Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy was significantly more common in >12 months' group. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blocking agent use was limited to 3% of patients. Conclusion?This study shows a high antihypertensive pill burden in dialysis patients likely due to underlying chronic volume overload in addition to the perceived efficacy of certain class of drug in a frequent dosing pattern. Low use of RAS blocking agent was also underlined. This study highlights the need to bring about changes in the antihypertensive prescription pattern in line with the existing evidence
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    Histopathological Patterns of Gastric Mucosal Biopsies in Dyspepsia – A Study of 550 Cases
    (Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-09) Suman, K; Rao, Namrata
    Objective: Dyspepsia is a common condition which is seen in the medical outpatient department. Helicobacter pylori is the causal agent in most of the cases of gastritis and peptic ulceration. This is a retrospective study aimed to study the histological patterns in gastric biopsy from patients with complaints of dyspepsia.Methods: In this study, a total of 550 biopsy samples from patients with a clinical history of dyspepsia which were received at the department of histopathology were analyzed. The biopsy samples were procured in Bouin’s fixative and were paraffin embedded. Sections were taken and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain was used to visualize H. pylori. Alcian blue stain was used to identify intestinal metaplasia.Results: It was observed that 194 (35.2%) cases showed features of chronic gastritis without H. pylori infection. H. pylori was noted in a total of 296 cases (53.8%) among which 256 cases (46.5%) showed features of chronic gastritis, 28 cases (5.09%) showed active gastritis, and 12 cases (2.2%) showed features of chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia.Conclusions: Chronic gastritis is a common condition worldwide. Chronic infection with H. pylori accounts for the majority of cases of chronic gastritis.