Browsing by Author "Ramachandran, L K"
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Item Buffalo thyroids, iodine content of glands & partial characterization of buffalo thyroglobulin.(1976-06-01) Deshpande, V; Ramachandran, L KItem Cardiotoxin of the Indian cobra (Naja naja) is a pyrophosphatase.(1981-06) Achyuthan, K E; Ramachandran, L KAn inorganic pyrophosphatase has been purified to apparent homogeniety from Indian cobra (Naja naja) venom, with a ten fold increase in specific activity. The enzyme activity is intrinsic to a protein fraction in the venom which is normally termed cardiotoxin, cobramine, cytotoxin and so on. The enzyme shows a low Km (70 μΜ) and high heat stability. The enzyme was active against sodium pyrophosphate; it also hydrolyses a few mononucletides and sugar phosphates at much lower rates. The physiological significance of inorganic pyro phosphatase in venom is discussed.Item Chemical modification of peptide antibiotics : Part VII--Biological activity of derivatives of polymyxin B.(1978-02-01) Srinivasa, B R; Ramachandran, L KItem The chemical modification of peptide antibiotics. I. The modification of gramicidin Dubos & the biological activity of the modified gramicidins.(1972-03-01) Rambhav, S; Ramachandran, L KItem The chemical modification of peptide antibiotics. Part II. The relative roles of ethanolamine and indole groupings in the biological activity of gramicidin.(1972-09-01) Rambhav, S; Ramachandran, L KItem Chemical modification of peptide antibiotics: Part IV--biologically active synthetic peptides & derivatives.(1976-12-01) Rambhav, S; Ramachandran, L KItem Chemical modification peptide antibiotics: Part VII--synthetic peptides with sequences from gramicidin B & C.(1977-03-01) Srinivasa, B R; Ramachandran, L KItem Chromatographic evaluation of heterogeneity of buffalo thyroglobulin.(1980-12-01) Deshpande, V; Ramachandran, L KItem Deacylation of polymyxin B by hydrazine & solvolysis.(1980-08-01) Srinivasa, B R; Ramachandran, L KItem Effect of N-bromosuccinimide-modification of tyrosine side chains of cardiotoxin II of the Indian cobra on biological activity.(1987-03) Shashidharan, P; Ramachandran, L KThe essential role of tyrosine residue(s) of cardiotoxin II in the biological activity of the toxin was evaluated using N-bromosuccinimide. N-bromosuccinimide effected oxidation of the tyrosine residues in cardiotoxin II with enhancement in absorbance at 260 nm. The influence of various solvent media such as acetate-formate buffer (pH 4·0),0·01 Ν H2SO4 (pH 2·0) and Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8·5) on oxidation of tyrosine residues was exa mined. In comparison with 0·01 Ν H2S O4, acetate-formate buffer could prevent secondary oxidations as revealed by lower consumption of oxidant, N-bromosuccinimide, to achieve oxidation. In Tris-HCl buffer oxidation of tyrosine did not take place effectively. N-iodosuccinimide caused only limited oxidation as evident from minor increase in absorbance at 260 nm. N-chlorosuccinimide was completely ineffective. Oxidation of cardiotoxin II with 3·75 equivalents of N-bromosuccinimide tyrosine residue led to complete loss of lethal activity. However, the derivative retained the ability to protect bacterial protoplasts from lysis in solutions of low tonicity. Unlike cardiotoxin II oxidized with N-chlorosuccinimide (50 equivalents/mol of toxin) which retained lethal activity as well as the ability to protect protoplasts from lysis, performic acid-oxidized toxin had lost both the activities.Item Enzymes in the venoms of two species of Indian scorpion--Heterometrus bengalensis & Buthus tamulus.(1982-10-01) Achyuthan, K E; Agarwal, O P; Ramachandran, L KItem Essential amino groups of polymyxin B.(1980-04-01) Srinivasa, B R; Ramachandran, L KItem Formylation and deformylation of lysozyme and papain.(1974-03-01) Lakshmi, S U; Ramachandran, L KItem Fractionation and biological activities of venoms of the Indian scorpions Buthus tamulus and Heterometrus bengalensis.(1986-12-01) Ramachandran, L K; Agarwal, O P; Achyuthan, K E; Chaudhury, L; Vedasiromani, J R; Ganguly, D KItem In vivo potentiation of the action of polymyxin B by gramicidin Dubos.(1981-01-01) Radhakrishna, G; Ramachandran, L KItem Inhibitory activity of cardiotoxin II of the Indian cobra & certain antibiotics on lysis of bacteria promoted by lysozyme.(1983-06-01) Shashidharan, P; Ramachandran, L KItem N-terminal groups of buffalo thyroglobulin.(1990-04-01) Deshpande, V; Ramachandran, L KN-Terminal analysis of purified buffalo thyroglobulin by the fluorodinitrobenzene method of Sanger yielded about 1.5 moles of DNP-glutamic acid per mole of buffalo thyroglobulin. No water-soluble DNP-amino acid was detectable as N-terminal. The presence of glutamic acid has been confirmed by Edman degradation and characterization of the PTH-amino acid in different solvent systems, and also after regeneration of free amino acid from PTH-amino acid in butanol-acetic acid-water (4:1:5, v/v) system. This is in contrast to the occurrence of aspartic acid or asparagine as N-terminals for several other mammalian thyroglobulins.Item New antibiotic species formed in crosslinking polymyxin B to linear gramicidin dubos.(1983-08-01) Radhakrishna, G; Ramachandran, L KItem Non-identity of reaction centres for pyrophosphatase and toxic actions of cardiotoxin II: The status of cardiotoxin II as a metalloprotein.(1983-03) Achyuthan, K E; Ramachandran, L KCardiotoxin II of the Indian cobra (Naja naja) contains approximately four Mg2+ per mol. Complete demetallation of the toxin is achieved by three cycles of treatment with ethylenediamine tetraacetate and gel filtration. Reconstitution of toxin by treatment of the apo-protein with Mg2+ restores metal content and inorganic pyrophosphatase activity only to the extent of two atoms/mol and 65%, respectively. Use of Mg (II)-EDTA in the reconstitution experiment yields restoration of half the original enzyme activity. Mg2+ is required for the inorganic pyrophosphatase action of the toxin. A definitive statement on the non-essentiality of Mg2+ for the lethal toxicity of the toxin is not possible at present, although experimental observations indicate that demetallated toxin is as toxic as the native toxin. Based on this and the differing sensitivities of the enzyme and toxic activities of the toxin to heat, it is suggested that the reaction centres in the toxin for the two activities are different and that the pyrophosphatase activity is not causally connected with the lethal toxicity of the toxin.Item An overview.(1984-12) Ramachandran, L K