Browsing by Author "Rai, S"
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Item ABO blood group distribution in carcinoma of the breast.(1970-06-01) Rai, S; Saronwala, K C; Mittal, P K; Arora, SItem ABO blood groups in cancer of the gastro-intestinal tract.(1972-03-01) Rai, S; Saronwala, K C; Singh, RItem ARTICLE RETRACTED) Diagnostic value of VIA comparing with conventional Pap smear in the detection of colposcopic biopsy proved CIN .(2011) Hegde, D; Shetty, H; Shetty, P K; Rai, S; Manjeera, L; Vyas, N; Hegde, A; Mallya, H; Rajesh, AItem Authors' reply.(2012-04) Rai, SItem Behavior problems among preschool children.(1993-04-01) Rai, S; Malik, S C; Sharma, DOf 200 preschool children (aged 3-6 years) screened in the Pediatric Outpatient Department, over a period of six months, 44 (22%) had behavior problems. The prevalence of behavior problems was higher among boys. Second-born boys and the eldest girls had a higher prevalence of temper tantrums, destructive nature, difficulty in management and hyperactivity. Fearful reactions and attention seeking behavior was encountered only in girls. Behavior problems were more common in children from nuclear families and a lower socio-economic status.Item A case of poly-parasitism involving a trematode and four different nematodes in a migrant from Bihar.(2007-01-23) Rai, S; Wadhwa, V; Kharbanda, P; Uppal, BReported is a case of seven-year-old, migrant from Bihar state, infested with Fasciolopsis buski Strongyloides stercoralis Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Ankylostoma duodenale in feces. Patient responded to treatment with piperazine, thiabendazole and albendazole, the importance of considering multiple and non-endemicparasite infestations in migrant of poor socio-economic background is emphasized.Item Detection of the classical G2576U mutation in linezolid resistant Staphylococcus aureus along with isolation of linezolid resistant Enterococcus faecium from a patient on short-term linezolid therapy: First report from India.(2015-01) Rai, S; Niranjan, D K; Kaur, T; Singh, N P; Hada, V; Kaur, I RPurpose: Linezolid is an effective drug against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). We describe the emergence of linezolid resistance in MRSA and VRE from India. Material and Methods: One MRSA and two VRE strains were isolated from a patient on linezolid therapy of one week duration. All three isolates were resistant to linezolid with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ≥4 mg/L. The 746-bp region fl anking the possible G2576U mutation on the corresponding DNA from the 23S rRNA was amplifi ed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplicons were sequenced for all the three isolates. Conjugation experiments using the linezolid resistant MRSA (LRMRSA) and linezolid resistant VRE (LRVRE) isolates as donors and wild strains of corresponding genera as recipients were performed. Results: The MRSA isolate had the classical G2576U mutation. High quality value scores in the sequencing software validated the mutation. Conjugation studies did not indicate presence of transferable resistance for linezolid. Sequencing did not indicate presence of any mutation in the two LRVRE isolates. Conclusions: This is the fi rst report from India citing resistance in Staphylococcus and Enterococcus against Linezolid.Item Development of TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of the newly emerging form of carbapenem resistance gene in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii.(2011-07) Manchanda, V; Rai, S; Gupta, S; Rautela, R S; Chopra, R; Rawat, D S; Verma, N; Singh, N P; Kaur, I R; Bhalla, PPurpose: The newly emerging form of the so-called New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamases (NDM-1) has been reported recently from patients worldwide and broadly thought as a potential source for the major global health problem. Thus, it is important to study the epidemiology of the so-called NDM-1 harbouring bacteria to prevent its further spread and to place effective control measures. The present study describes the use of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of the bla NDM-1 gene using TaqMan probes among clinical isolates. Materials and Methods: Clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (11 strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17 strains) and Acinetobacter baumannii (six strains) that were resistant to either of the carbapenems (meropenem or imipenem) were included in the study. The presence of carbapenemases in such strains was confirmed using the modified Hodge test. A real-time PCR assay was optimized for the detection of NDM-1 using a cloned synthetic gene fragment followed by testing of the clinical isolates. The findings were further confirmed using PCR and gene sequencing. Results: TaqMan probe assay displayed a good detection limit with analytical sensitivity of the assay up to 10 copies of bla NDM-1 gene per reaction. The isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae revealed narrow range crossing point values (Cp values) between (12-17) cycles (mean Cp value 14), indicating number of bla NDM-1 gene copies of 106-108. The wider range of Cp values (15-34) cycles with a higher mean Cp value (23.6) was observed in A. baumannii with number of bla NDM-1 gene copies of 103-108. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan chemistry is a useful technique for the detection of bla NDM-1 harbouring clinical isolates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii. The assay has great precision in measuring the number of bla NDM-1 gene copies per specimen of DNA.Item ECCRINE SPIRADENOMA : CASE REPORT WITH AN UNUSUAL CLININAL PRESENTATION(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-06) Rai, S; Tandon, N; Chaudhary, R; Lal, N; Hingora, O. M.Eccrine spiradenoma is one of the rare, benign dermal neoplasm showing eccrine sweat gland differentiation. The literature search accounts for less than 100 reported cases of eccrine spiradenoma. Clinically, the lesion presents as solitary, intradermal, circumscribed, round or oval, firm, painful or tender nodule measuring from 0.3 - 5 cm in diameter. Rarely if ES, presents as multiple lesions, in combination with other types of adnexal tumors such as cylindromas & trichoepitheliomas, it can be considered as a part of the Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. Majority of these tumours appear on the head/face & upper trunk region of the body. Spiradenomas arise in early adulthood in most instances with few reports also of congenital cases and no sex predilection seen. The definitive diagnosis is made by excisional biopsy of the tumour. Complete tumor excision with clear surgical margins is considered the primary treatment for these cases. Here, we present a rare case report of a 58 years old male presenting with a soft, cystic lesion in the left lumbar region of the abdomen for past 2 years duration. Surgical excision of the tumour was done with clear margins and the specimen was sent for histopathological examination. Due to the overlapping histomorphological features, this tumour is often confused with cylindromas and trichoepitheliomas along with other vascular tumours. Eccrine Spiradenoma, although a benign tumour, but malignant transformation has been described especially in long-standing cases or multiple lesions. So, early diagnosis is very important to prevent recurrence and to identify any onset of malignant transformationItem Enuresis: an analysis of 82 cases.(1990-12-01) Bhatia, M S; Dhar, N K; Rai, S; Malik, S COf 400 children over the age of four years, 82 (20.5%) were found to be enuretics. Enuresis was found to be statistically higher (p less than 0.001) in lower social class and between the age group 3 to 5 years. Enuresis was found to be significantly more among boys as compared to girls (p less than 0.001). Various stress factors (e.g. negligence, overprotection, strictness of parents etc) and other associated habit disorders (e.g. fear reactions, nailbiting, temper-tantrums etc) were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in enuretics as compared to control group. The group who was put on combined drug (imipramine) and psychological treatment showed a better long term response than the patients who were put only on drug or psychological treatment (p less than 0.001).Item A fatal pulmonary infection by Nocardia brasiliensis.(2006-01-01) Wadhwa, V; Rai, S; Kharbanda, P; Kabra, S; Gur, R; Sharma, V KThe reported case is of primary pulmonary nocardiosis, caused by Nocardia brasiliensis, in a immunocompromised patient, which ended fatally despite appropriate treatment. The partially acid fast filamentous bacterium was predominant on direct examination of the sputum. It was cultured on blood agar, MacConkey agar and by paraffin baiting technique. The bacterium was resistant to cotrimoxazole, the drug of choice for nocardiosis.Item How reliable are serological tests in diagnosis of cysticercosis?(2006-01-01) Wadhwa, V; Kharbanda, P; Rai, SItem Impact of the integrated child development services (ICDS) on maternal nutrition and birth weight in rural Varanasi.(2000-12-19) Agarwal, K N; Agarwal, D K; Agarwal, A; Rai, S; Prasad, R; Agarwal, S; Singh, T BOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of ICDS on maternal nutrition and birth weight. SETTING: 28 ICDS and 21 non-ICDS villages in two adjoining blocks of Varanasi. METHODS: 5289 pregnancies were registered during 1987-1993 in these two blocks. In the ICDS block 916 and 1453 nutrition supplemented and unsupplemented, respectively and 1748 of the non-ICDS live births with weight recorded within 48 h formed the study subjects. RESULTS: The ICDS supplemented mothers gained 100g more in pregnancy and birth weight was higher by 58 g (p < 0.05) as compared to unsupplemented ICDS mothers. Birth weight in unsupplemented ICDS areas was 25g higher as compared to non ICDS area. ICDS supplemented women had a significantly smaller proportion of low birth weight babies (14.4%) compared to ICDS unsupplemented (20.4%) and non-ICDS women (26.3%). The corresponding prevalence of preterm births was 2.0, 2.4 and 4.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that increased wight gain in pregnancy, length of gestation, caloric intake and term hemoglobin were significantly associated with birth weight. However, the length of gestation was not influenced by factors improving the birth weight. CONCLUSION: Undernourished pregnant women are benefitted by late pregnancy nutrition supplementItem Internal mammary lymph node metastasis in carcinoma.(1980-09-01) Rai, S; Jindal, R P; Nijjer, S SItem Jaw cyst-Basal cell nevus-Bifid rib syndrome: a case report.(2007-07-24) Rai, S; Gauba, KJaw cyst-Basal cell nevus-Bifid rib syndrome or Gorlin-Goltz syndrome involves multiple organ system. The most common findings include multiple odontogenic keratocysts in the jaws and basal cell nevus on the skin that have an early age onset. These multiple odontogenic keratocysts warrant aggressive treatment at the earliest because of the damage and possible complications associated with them. Recurrence in these lesions is the most characteristic feature that has to be taken in consideration while explaining the prognosis to the patient. A case report of a child affected with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome diagnosed, treated and followed at this hospital is presented here.Item Laboratory quality management system: Road to accreditation and beyond.(2012-04) Wadhwa, V; Rai, S; Thukral, T; Chopra, MThis review attempts to clarify the concepts of Laboratory Quality Management System (Lab QMS) for a medical testing and diagnostic laboratory in a holistic way and hopes to expand the horizon beyond quality control (QC) and quality assurance. It provides an insight on accreditation bodies and highlights a glimpse of existing laboratory practices but essentially it takes the reader through the journey of accreditation and during the course of reading and understanding this document, prepares the laboratory for the same. Some of the areas which have not been highlighted previously include: requirement for accreditation consultants, laboratory infrastructure and scope, applying for accreditation, document preparation. This section is well supported with practical illustrations and necessary tables and exhaustive details like preparation of a standard operating procedure and a quality manual. Concept of training and privileging of staff has been clarified and a few of the QC exercises have been dealt with in a novel way. Finally, a practical advice for facing an actual third party assessment and caution needed to prevent post-assessment pitfalls has been dealt with.Item Melanocytoma of cerebellum.(2008-01-18) Rai, S; Sharma, M; Naik, R; Sinha, R; Philipose, R; Verghese, RMelanocytomas are rare melanocytic tumors of the central nervous system. We report a rare case of melanocytoma in the cerebellum of a 35-year-old male patient. Computed tomography scan showed a cystic lesion with an enhancing solid component arising from the cerebellum. The lesion was resected and a histological diagnosis of melanocytoma of the cerebellum was made.Item Multiple carbapenem hydrolyzing genes in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.(2013-07) Niranjan, D K; Singh, N P; Manchanda, V; Rai, S; Kaur, I RPurpose: Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii has become highly rampant, which has been ascribed to the presence of multiple carbapenemases. The objective of the present study was to prospectively investigate the presence of multiple carbapenemase encoding genes in clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 imipenem resistant, consecutive non-repeat clinical isolates A. baumannii from a Tertiary Care Centre of Delhi were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), screening for carbapenemase production by modified Hodge test (MHT) and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration for imipenem by E-Test® . These were subjected to Real time PCR for blaIMP-1 and 2 , blaVIM-1 and 2 , blaOXA23, 24, 51 and 58 using SYBR green-I. These were grouped together on the basis of their genotype as each isolate harboured multiple carbapenemases and correlated with their AST profile. Detection of the novel carbapenemase blaNDM-1 was performed by real time PCR using TaqMan probes on 14 isolates. Results: Colistin appeared to be the most effective drug in vitro, followed by tetracycline and beta lactam/beta lactamase inhibitor combinations. All, but one isolate were positive for the MHT. All 30 isolates were positive for blaOXA-51 like gene as well as blaIMP-1 and blaVIM-1 genes. blaOXA 24 and 58 were not detected in any of the isolates. blaIMP-2 , blaVIM-2 , blaOXA-23 were present in 15, 6 and 14 isolates respectively. Grouping based on the genotypic profile did not correlate with susceptibility pattern. Nine among the 14 isolates also harboured the novel blaNDM-1 gene. Conclusions: This is the first study from North India, which comprehensively detected the presence of multiple carbapenemases as well the blaNDM-1 gene. The presence of the novel gene blaNDM-1 indicated ability of A. baumannii to acquire new carbapenemase genes despite the existence of multiple carbapenemase genes. The present study confirmed the presence of multiple genetic mechanisms for carbapenemases production among the clinical isolates of A. baumannii in north India.Item Pattern of Serious Adverse Events Associated with Administration of Different Vaccines: A US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) Database Analysis(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2019-09) Arora, H; Sidhu, TK; Malhotra, V; Bansal, AS; Monga, S; Rai, S: Different vaccine adverse event surveillance systems have been developed down the years to act as an early warning system to detect signals regarding adverse events following vaccination. Different types of serious adverse events were characterized through the analysis of US VAERS registry. Methods: The VAERS data from 2010-2019 was analysed statistically for exploration of different types of serious adverse events and the signs and symptoms associated with administration of these vaccines. Vaccines implicated in serious adverse events through VAERS were further explored for correlates in WHO Vigibase database. Results: The maximum number of patients with serious events were administered FLU3 vaccine (n=4024, 12.71%), followed by PNC13 (n=2740, 8.66%), VARZOS (n=2310, 7.30%), PPV (n=1964, 6.20%) and HIBV vaccine (n=1448, 4.57%). Of all symptoms in patients with serious adverse events, pyrexia was the major symptom in patients with life threatening illness (16.06%), hospitalization (18.83%), prolongation of hospitalization (19.64%), disability (12.05%) and mortality outcome (9.95%). Among the top three vaccines implicated in serious adverse events, analysis through WHO Vigiaccess database found general disorders and administration site conditions and skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders to be the MedDRA major system organ classes for both pnemococccal and varicella zoster vaccine. Conclusion: FLU3 (Influenza), PNC13 (pneumococcal) and VARZOS (varicella zoster) vaccines were the top three vaccines implicated in serious adverse events through VAERS database analysis though a cause and effect relationship cannot be established through the this data alone.