Browsing by Author "Nomir, A. G."
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Item Anatomical spatial distribution of Influenza virus receptors in some poultry species raised in Egypt(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2018) Nomir, A. G.; Zidan, M. A.; Elgarhy, A. K.; Ibrahim, M. S.; Watanabe, Y.; Arai, Y.; Ikuta, K.; Sharaby, A. A. E.Background: Avian influenza H5N1 has been distressing not only the poultry industry but also humans causing fatal infections in Egypt. Understanding the initial steps in the viral infection was proposed by many to be a key for solving the entire problem. Domestic healthy chicken, Pekin duck, Egyptian goose, Japanese quail, pigeon and turkey were purchased; three adult birds per each species. Lectin histochemistry was performed using fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled Sambucusnigra agglutinin specific for SAα2,6-gal receptors, and FITC labelled Maackiaamurensis agglutinins specific for SAα2,3-gal receptors. Methods: From each bird, three specimens per each trachea, lung, duodenum, colon, liver and brain were used. In chicken, duck, goose, Japanese quail, domestic pigeon and turkey, both SAα2,3-gal and SAα2,6-gal receptors were expressed in at least one segment of respiratory and intestinal tracts except in pigeons where SAα2,3-gal receptors were not expressed in the respiratory tract while in ducks were not expressed in lower respiratory tract and in turkey not expressed in small intestine. The human type receptors were not expressed in the lower trachea of goose, large intestine of chicken and intestinal tract and liver of turkey and pigeons. Results: The widespread detection of both SAα2,6-gal and SAα2,3-gal receptors in different tissues from each species suggests that these birds’ organs may be potential targets for both avian and human influenza viruses, and can act as adaptive host for avian influenza viruses to change receptor specificity. This may indicate that different native bird species in Egypt could have participated equally or variably in the generation of H5N1 viruses that were able to extensively infect humans. All experimental procedures were approved by Damanhour university ethics committee. The widespread detection of both SAα2,6-gal and SAα2,3-gal receptors in different tissues from each species suggests that these birds’ organs may be potential targets for both avian and human influenza viruses, and can act as adaptive host for avian influenza viruses to change receptor specificity. Conclusion: This may indicate that different native bird species in Egypt could have participated equally or variably in the generation of H5N1 viruses that were able to extensively infect humans.Item Demonstration of Solitary Chemosensory Cells in the Nasopalatine and Vomeronasal Ducts of Rat by α-gustducin and GAP-43 Immunohistochemistry(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2018) Sharaby, A. A. E.; Nomir, A. G.; Elgarhy, A. KIn the present study, we used immunohistochemistry for α - gustducin and Growth Associated Protein-43 (GAP-43) to examine the spatial distribution of the solitary chemosensory cells primarily in the nasopalatine ducts of rat at the time of weaning, which is lack in the literature. Methods: We found abundant solitary cells labeled with α- gustducin in the nasopalatine duct and vomeronasal organ of rats. In the nasopalatine duct, these cells were more frequent in the medial wall epithelium; meanwhile appreciable number of α-gustducin labeled cells were localized only in the neuroepithelium portion of the vomeronasal organ. We found the number of these cells increased toward the entries of the nasopalatine and vomeronasal ducts into the nasal cavity. We also found GAP-43 heavily expressed in the core of nasopalatine duct, close to the basement membrane and around the blood vessels and cavernous spaces of the vomeronasal organ. Results: GAP-43 labeled axons apposed the solitary chemosensory cells closely, either coursing along or wrapping the solitary chemosensory cells. Individual cells were apposed by one or a few intraepithelial nerve fibers and a single fiber sometimes contacted a few solitary chemosensory cells. Intraepithelial GAP-43 labeled fibers were more frequent toward the nasal cavity and the entry of nasopalatine and vomeronasal ducts in close association with the solitary chemosensory cells. Conclusion: We conclude that α -gustducin-expressing cells alongside the GAP-43 intraepithelial nerves in the nasopalatine and vomeronasal ducts suggests that they share the same transduction mechanisms