Browsing by Author "Nalini, P"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 26
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Acute pulmonary edema as a complication of anti-snake venom therapy.
    (2001-01-10) Singh, A; Biswal, N; Nalini, P; Sethuraman,; Badhe, A
    Polyvalent Anti-snake Venom (ASV) is a life-saving antivenin for severe envenomation due to snake bite in India. ASV infusion is occasionally associated with severe allergic reactions, i.e. anaphylaxis and death. We report a rare instance of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to ASV infusion in an eleven years old boy.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Churg-Strauss syndrome.
    (1998-05-20) Ramnarayan, P; Sowmya, S; Biswal, N; Nalini, P; Ratnakar, C
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    A comprehensive study of morbidity in school age children.
    (2001-09-25) Ananthakrishnan, S; Pani, S P; Nalini, P
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Congenital afibrinogenemia diagnosis by estimating plasma fibrinogen by conventional method with clinical correlation.
    (2008-04-08) Goswami, K; Nandakumar, Dalavaikodihalli Nanjaiah; Soundravally, R; Nandeesha, H; Das, Vanitalal; Kannan, R; Nalini, P; Koner, B C
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Congenital leukaemia in Down Syndrome--a case report.
    (2002-07-06) Aier, Moatoshi; Zadeng, Thangura; Basu, Debdatta; Biswal, Niranjan; Nalini, P
    A 17 days old male infant, who had features of Down Syndrome, presented with fever, refusal to feed and seizures. He had papular, crusted skin lesions, moderate hepatosplenomegaly and a rapid downhill course. Peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate showed features of acute leukaemia. Congenital Leukaemia is a rare malignancy associated with a very poor prognosis. Paradoxically, many cases of Congenital Leukaemia, especially in infants with Down Syndrome, show spontaneous remission.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Diphtheria due to non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae: A report of two cases.
    (2002-01-28) Kanungo, R; Vijayalakshmi, N; Nalini, P; Bhattacharya, S
    Diseases due to non-toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae are being increasingly reported. These diseases have been found to occur in vaccinated individuals. We report two cases of diphtheria with myocarditis and polyneuritis caused by non-toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae. The virulence factors of this organism and the pitfalls in diagnosis have also been discussed.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Empyema in infancy and childhood.
    (1990-05-01) Padmini, R; Srinivasan, S; Puri, R K; Nalini, P
    A study of 108 cases of empyema during 18 months period showed the incidence of empyema to be 2.17%. Staph. aureus (17.6%) was the common causative organism. Response to a combination of cloxacillin and gentamicin was better than that of crystalline penicillin and gentamicin. Only 30.3% cases needed intercostal drainage for more than 2 weeks. Almost 43% cases could be discharged by 3-4 weeks after hospitalisation and 38.1% by 30-57 days. The mortality rate was 12.1%. Among the survivors, excluding 8 children who left against medical advice, all had complete recovery excepting one child in whom AFB was isolated and who developed bronchiectasis and recurrent hemoptysis, inspite of antituberculous treatment. Age of the child, antibiotic combination given and nutritional status appear to be the main factors influencing the recovery and prognosis.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Enteric fever: a changing perspective.
    (1994-07-01) Biswal, N; Mathai, B; Bhatia, B D; Srinivasan, S; Nalini, P
    All the cases of enteric fever admitted between 1988-1992 were studied. There was a gradual rise in the number of admitted cases. Central nervous system (CNS) complications like encephalopathy (14.9%), meningitis (8.8%), seizures (8.5%) and cerebellitis (3.4%) were noted more during 1991 and 1992. Other complications like myocarditis (4.6%), hepatitis (9.5%) and gastrointestinal bleeding were noted in increasing numbers during 1991-1992. Multidrug resistant (MDRT) cases were 46.3% in 1991 and 33.5% in 1992. There was a significant difference in the time taken for defervescence (a gradual rise) between the years but between the individual drugs there was no such significant difference. Deaths were noted only in 1991 and 1992 in cases of MDRT with complications. There has been an increase in resistance of S. typhi to commonly used drugs like ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. S. typhi resistant to ciprofloxacin was cultured in 2 cases each from 1990-1992. Further, the time taken for defervescence with ciprofloxacin also showed a gradual rise from 3.5 days in 1990 to 6.2 days in 1992. Nevertheless, ciprofloxacin is still the drug of choice for treatment of complicated cases of MDRT.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Helicobacter pylori and recurrent pain abdomen.
    (2005-07-04) Biswal, Niranjan; Ananathakrishnan, N; Kate, Vikram; Srinivasan, S; Nalini, P; Mathai, Betsy
    OBJECTIVE: Pain abdomen is a common problem in childhood. Many factors i.e., organic changes in the gut, psychological and environment contribute to recurrent pain abdomen (RAP) in children. Helicobacter pylori infects children very early in childhood and stays indefinitely in the gut without its eradication. It may be responsible for pain abdomen and peptic ulcers in children. This study was done to assess the HP status in children with RAP diagnosed and evaluate the effects of eradication of HP infection in them. METHODS: 76 children were included in the study. RESULT: Out of 76 children studied 14.8% had evidence of a secondary cause for pain abdomen and responded to appropriate therapy. 65.45% of children who had undergone UGIE, had evidence of HP infection in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Most of these children responded to HP eradication therapy by becoming free of abdominal pain after the eradication therapy with OCA or OMA regimen. We could not do repeated endoscopies in all of them to prove the eradication due to parents' refusal and this is the main drawback of this study. CONCLUSION: However, in view of clinical response to HP eradication therapy in almost all the cases, we strongly advocate this therapy for those children with RAP, in whom HP infection of the upper gastrointestinal tract can be established beyond doubt.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
    (1999-07-08) Biswal, N; Shareef, S; Nalini, P; Srinivasan, S; Basu, D
    Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare condition in children associated with immunodeficiency, life threatening infections and malignancy. Infection associated hemophagocytosis responds well to appropriate antimicrobioal therapy and rarely to steroids when the infective agent is suspected to be of viral origin.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Intestinal geohelminthiasis in the developing world.
    (1997-03-01) Ananthakrishnan, S; Nalini, P; Pani, S P
    Intestinal parasitic helminths such as roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), hookworms (Ancylostoma doudenale and Necator americanus) and whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) are common in the developing world. Strongyloides stercoralis, though not so common, also contributes to health problems. The prevalence of intestinal worm infestation in India varies from 5% to 76%, which is similar to that in other developing countries. These parasitic infestations are acquired by ingestion, inhalation or penetration of the skin by the infective forms. Ascaris causes many intestinal and respiratory symptoms and plays an important role in precipitating protein-energy malnutrition in undernourished children. Hookworms cause anaemia and hypoproteinaemia. In areas where hookworm infestation is endemic, 90% of pregnant mothers are anaemic. Trichuriasis as a causative agent of human disease has only recently gained attention. Heavy infestation with T. trichiura can result in severe colitis and significant blood loss. This in turn can lead to impaired cognitive functions which are reversible on treatment. Though not as widely prevalent as the other geohelminths in India, Strongyloides stercoralis infestation can be fatal in debilitated and immunosuppressed children. So far, the impact of these parasites on the health of children has been underestimated and concentrated efforts to minimize the worm load and its consequences have not been given due importance in our health policies. This article reviews the pathophysiology, clinical impact and control options of the most commonly prevalent geohelminths in the developing world.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Long-term outcome in coma.
    (2005-04-07) Nayana, Prabha P; Serane, Tiroumourougane V; Nalini, P; Mahadevan, S
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between Modified Glasgow Coma Scale, its components, brain stem reflexes and long term functional outcome in children with acute non-traumatic coma. METHOD: MGCS and brainstem reflexes were assessed at 6 hourly intervals for 72 hours from the time of admission. The children were followed up regularly and functional outcome was assessed at the end of 9 months. The lowest score of the MGCS and worst brain stem reflexes were used for the analysis. RESULTS: Higher total MGCS score and verbal response score had a significant positive correlation with better functional outcome as measured by GOS and intelligence quotient. There was no association between the language function and the initial MGCS, its components and brain stem reflexes. Lower verbal response (P = 0.005) was the only factor that was found to be individually associated with poorer long term GOS score and intelligence quotient by multivariate linear regression analysis. CONCLUSION: In the long term prediction of outcome in acute non-traumatic coma, MGCS is not useful. However, verbal response, a component of MGCS, correlates well with long term functional outcome and intelligence quotient.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Perinatal mortality-incidence and effect of various maternal factors, Part I.
    (1981-05-01) Puri, R K; Verma, I C; Choudhury, P; Nalini, P; Srinivasan, S
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Perinephric abscess due to Aspergillus fumigatus.
    (2000-07-25) Rajesh, G D; Sony, N; Biswal, N; Nalini, P; Kanungo, R; Kumar, A
    Invasive aspergillosis is rare in healthy children. Severe systemic complications due to aspergillosis may be seen in AIDS patients with severe neutropenia and macrophage dysfunction.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    A profile of pyogenic meningitis in children.
    (1991-08-01) Bhat, B V; Verma, I C; Puri, R K; Srinivasan, S; Nalini, P
    Clinical profile of pyogenic meningitis was studied in 256 cases over a period of 8 years. The male to female ratio was 1.46: 1 and 83.6% of the patients were less than 3 years of age. Fever, altered sensorium, refusal to feed, convulsions and vomiting were the common presenting symptoms. Six (2.3%) of them had subnormal temperature and the sensorium was normal in 12.5% of cases. Cerebrospinal fluid was clear in 9.4%, cell count was less than 100/cmm in 8.2%, sugar was more than 40 mg% in 24.2% and protein was less than 50 mg% in 12.5% of cases. Diplococcus pneumoniae was the commonest causative agent. The overall mortality was 30.5%. It is concluded that young children suffering from this disease may not have the typical features and one should have the highest suspicion to make an early diagnosis so that the morbidity and mortality from this condition can be reduced.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Prognostic indicators in pyogenic meningitis.
    (1987-11-01) Bhat, B V; Verma, I C; Puri, R K; Srinivasan, S; Nalini, P
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    A prospective study of bacterial infections in the newborn.
    (1981-07-01) Nellian, A R; Choudhury, P; Srinivasan, S; Nalini, P; Puri, R K
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Role of Glasgow Coma Scale in pediatric nontraumatic coma.
    (2003-07-26) Nayana Prabha, P C; Nalini, P; Tiroumourougane Serane, V
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between Modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MGCS), its components and survival in children with acute coma. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Tertiary care referral hospital. PATIENTS: Consecutive children (n = 270) with acute nontraumatic coma between 2 months to 12 years. METHODOLOGY: MGCS and brainstem reflexes were assessed at 6 hourly intervals for 72 hours from the time of admission. The lowest score of the MGCS and worst brain stem reflexes were used for the analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Survival. RESULTS: Total score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient IRI = O.577, ocular response (IRI = O.641), motor response (IRI = O.729), verbal response (lRI = 0.608), brain stem response (lRI = O.843) were all found to be associated with adverse outcome. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that ocular response and motor response were individually predictive of short-term outcome. CONCLUSION: A score incorporating the brain stem reflexes, ocular response and motor response in the assessment and prognostication of comatose patients needs to be evaluated.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    School absenteeism in a rural area in Tamil Nadu.
    (2002-09-09) Ananthakrishnan, Shanthi; Nalini, P
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Social status of the rural girl child in Tamil Nadu.
    (2002-07-14) Ananthakrishnan, Shanthi; Nalini, P
    OBJECTIVE: The social status of the girl child in school age was assessed in a village in Tamil Nadu applying both qualitative and quantitative methods. METHODS: The home milieu was taken as the social context for the study purpose since home is the first societal unit a child comes into contact with. The various issues considered to study the social status were (1) Gender preference in having children (2) Nutrition and health care given to them (3) Importance given to their education (4) Activity pattern in daily life (5) Attitude of the community towards (a) girl child after menarche and (b) marriage. RESULT: In the study village, although there was desire to have sons, a girl child is not ignored. The value of having a girl in the family was appreciated. There was no gender discrimination in giving nutrition and health care. However the workload in girls was found to be marginally higher than in boys. The educational status of girls was lower than that of boys in terms of school enrollment and attendance. But menarche, was not an important cause of the lower educational status of girls. In the sociocultural context of the study village the priority in a girl's life during school going age was marriage. Soon after attaining puberty in a girl's life during school going age was marriage, not education and this perhaps reveals the lesser importance given to a girl's education by the community. CONCLUSION: The need of the hour is to improve her educational status by changing the attitude of the community so that a girl child's priority in her school age is not marriage but education.