IMSEAR Repository :: Browsing by Author "Mohanty, A"

Browsing by Author "Mohanty, A"

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Analysis of the activity of promoters from two photosynthesis-related genes psaF and petH of spinach in a monocot plant, rice.
(2000-12-18) Mohanty, A; Grover, M; Chaudhury, A; Rizwan-ul-Haq, Q; Sharma, A K; Maheshwari, S C; Tyagi, A K
The subunit III of photosystem I and ferredoxin-NADP(+)-oxidoreductase are encoded by nuclear genes, namely psaF and petH. The activity of their promoters from spinach has been evaluated in transgenic tobacco earlier. Evaluation of the activity of these Dicotyledoneae-specific promoters has been carried out in a monocot system (i.e. rice) by transient gene expression system, based on electroporation-mediated gene delivery into protoplasts from leaves and roots. It has been found that various promoter deletions show higher activity in leaf protoplasts and elements for quantitative response are widely distributed. Transgenic rice has also been produced with a petH promoter and gus reporter gene construct. Although petH promoter is a weak promoter in comparison to the 35S promoter, it expresses well in green tissues and could be useful for plant genetic engineering.
Antimicrobial Audit and Stewardship Practices among Hospitalised Patients: A Retrospective Study
(Society for Antimicrobial Stewardship PractIces (SASPI), 2024-06) Singh, P; Agarwal, K; Rukadikar, AR; Hada, V; Mohanty, A
Background: Empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic use leads to misuse, side effects, antimicrobial resistance, and higher costs. This necessitates antimicrobial stewardship programs (AMSP) to promote judicious antibiotic use. This study aimed to analyze antibiotic prescription patterns and culture request frequencies in surgical wards and intensive care units (ICU). Methodology: This retrospective study by the department of Microbiology in a tertiary care hospital was undertaken in surgical wards and ICUs. Data on baseline characteristics, antibiotic usage, and culture requests were collected. The microbiology laboratory used Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion for antimicrobial testing. An infection control nurse audited antibiotic administration. Results: This retrospective study spanned eight months (June 2023 to January 2024) and included 1018 patients from surgical wards and ICUs. Of the 1018 patients, 83.8% were male, with 52% aged 21-40 years. Confirmed infections were found in 25% of patients, predominantly Gram-negative bacteria (94.2%). The most common organisms were Escherichia coli (72.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.19%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.8%). Cephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotics (89.7%). Only 41.5% of antibiotic prescriptions matched culture sensitivity reports, with 58.5% inappropriately prescribed. Hospital stays were under 15 days mostly (86%). Conclusion: Empirical antibiotic use is prevalent, with infrequent culture-based adjustments. Only 41.5% of antibiotics matched culture reports. AMSPs and education on stewardship principles are essential to address inappropriate antimicrobial use.
Assessing hypotension incidence and dosing strategies of sacubitril/valsartan in real-world heart failure management: protocol for a retrospective, multicentre and cohort study
(Medip Academy, 2024-09) Jadhav, UM; Shah, J; Mohanty, A; Chenniappan, M; Sattur, AG; Mukhopadhyay, M; Krishna, KN; Raikar, M; Mahale, SB; Majumdar, D; Shaila, S; Prakash, G; Hirapur, IS; Abdali, N; Surwade, H; Abid, MTK; Thakran, V; Sharma, A; Mahajan, N.
Background: The burden of heart failure (HF) and hypertension in India underscores the need for effective management strategies. Sacubitril/valsartan, an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi), has emerged as a pivotal therapy for HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, concerns about hypotension often hinder optimal dosing in clinical practice. The primary objective of this study is to observe the incidence of hypotension in HFrEF patients and to evaluate the best clinical practice to achieve an optimal tolerated dose of sacubitril/valsartan without treatment discontinuation. Secondary objectives include evaluating treatment outcomes, tolerability, and factors influencing dosing adjustments. Methods: This is the protocol of a retrospective, multicentre cohort study aimed at assessing real-world usage patterns of sacubitril/valsartan among Indian HFrEF patients. Patients aged 18-80 years diagnosed with HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ?40%) and initiated on sacubitril/valsartan between November 2023 and May 2024 will be included. Baseline and follow-up data, including demographics, medical history, and treatment outcomes, will be analysed using appropriate statistical tests. Data from approximately 150 healthcare facilities will be collected using a structured case report form (CRF). The study was initiated in February 2024. As of manuscript submission, 1039 individuals have been enrolled on the study. Data collection is expected to continue until the end of June 2024. Conclusions: This study aims to contribute valuable insights into optimizing sacubitril/valsartan therapy for HFrEF patients in India, addressing concerns about hypotension and dosage optimization. The study seeks to inform clinical practice and enhance patient care by elucidating real-world usage patterns and outcomes.
Carcinoma esophagus with isolated metatarsal metastasis.
(2011-01) Mohanty, A; Dutta, D; Das, S; Samanta, D R; Senapati, S
Evaluation of nimodipine in the treatment of severe diffuse head injury: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
(2003-09-04) Pillai, S V; Kolluri, V R; Mohanty, A; Chandramouli, B A
AIMS: The aim of this study was to establish whether nimodipine given orally soon after severe diffuse head injury for a period of three weeks improved outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present report analyzes the results of a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of nimodipine in 97 severe head injury patients (GCS Score < or =8) treated at the Department of Neurosurgery, NIMHANS, between January 1995 and June 1996. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups which were matched for age, sex, mode of injury, time interval from injury to admission, neurological status and CT scan findings. One group was given nimodipine 30 mg Q6H and the other group was given a placebo. The outcome of these patients at 6 months was evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Score by and a psychologist. RESULTS: Results showed no significant difference in the functional and psychological outcome between the two groups, even in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. No adverse drug events were recorded. CONCLUSION: Oral nimodipine given for three weeks does not improve outcome in patients with severe diffuse head injury.
Immunochromatographic test for the diagnosis of Falciparum malaria.
(1999-02-22) Mohanty, S; Mishra, S K; Mohanty, A; Das, B S
The diagnosis of malaria poses great difficulty at times due to non-availability of microscope, trained personnel or laboratory set up. We undertook the immunochromatographic test in 98 suspected cases of malaria for the detection of antigen of P. falciparum in the blood and to assess its sensitivity and positive predictive value. The sensitivity was 87.06% (confidence interval 77.57 to 92.55%) and the positive predictive value was 93.67%. This is a simple, sensitive and convenient test which can be performed in remote areas.
Influence of Diverse Growing Environments and Plant Densities on Phenological Development and Agrometeorological Indices of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the Hyper Arid Zone of Rajasthan, India
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-07) Reager, ML; Chandra, S; Singh, S; Bairwa, R; Kishor, N; Pant, R; Dotaniya, C; Kumar, V; Chung, S-M; Singh, A; Mohapatra, C; Palei, S; Badu, M; Mohanty, A; Kabi, M; Kumaraswamy, S; Kherawat, BS; Kesawat, MS.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) stands as a significant oilseed crop globally. The growth, development, and productivity of these plants are notably affected by the adverse impacts of global climate change. Therefore, the current study sought to examine how diverse growing environments and planting densities influence the phenological development of groundnut in the hyper-arid zone of Rajasthan, India. A field experiment spanning the kharif seasons of 2017, 2018, and 2019 was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, India. The experiment laid out in split-plot design with four replications. The treatments included three main plots for growing environments (sowing on May 15, May 30, and June 15) and three sub-plots for planting densities (1.67 lakh ha-1, 2.50 lakh ha-1 and 3.33 lakh ha-1).. The outcomes of the field experiment indicates that sowing groundnut on May 30 was statistically on par with sowing on June 15 and resulted in higher values of GDD, helio thermal units (HTU), PTI, heat use efficiency (HUE), photothermal use efficiency (PUE), and heliothermal use efficiency, as well as hygrothermal use efficiency (Hg TUE-I and II) at the initiation of flowers and peg formation stages. However, at later growth stages significantly higher values of GDD, HTU, HUE, PUE, HgTUE-I and II were observed with the May 15 sowing. These values gradually decreased with delayed sowing up to May 30 and June 15. Further, increasing the planting density from 1.67 lakh ha-1, 2.50 lakh ha-1 and 3.33 lakh ha-1 significantly enhanced the HTU, HUE, PUE, HgTUE-I and II at various phenological stages of groundnut. Therefore, these findings underscore the significance of precise timing and density control in maximizing groundnut yields under challenging environmental circumstances. By understanding and modifying these variables, farmers can mitigate the adverse effects of climate change and enhance groundnut productivity, especially in extremely arid areas like Rajasthan.
Management of severe and complicated malaria.
(2006-10-15) Mishra, S K; Mohanty, S; Mohanty, A; Das, B S
Severe malaria is invariably caused by Plasmodium falciparum. In India, both adults and children are affected by severe malaria. However, children are more prone for developing anemia and convulsions as manifestations of severe malaria, while acute renal failure and jaundice are more common among adults. Pregnant women are vulnerable to hypoglycemia, anemia and pulmonary complications. The case-fatality rate due to severe malaria is 10-15% in spite of therapy but it increases in the presence of renal failure or respiratory distress (pulmonary edema or ARDS). Of late, multi-organ failure and high mortality figures are being reported increasingly from different parts of India. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment will reduce the mortality due to malaria. Cerebral malaria should always be suspected in a patient with altered sensorium in a malaria-endemic area. However, other causes of unconsciousness such as encephalitis, meningitis or hepatic coma should also be excluded. Parenteral quinine is the mainstay of therapy. A recent multi-centric study has demonstrated the efficacy of intravenous artesunate in reducing the mortality by 30%. The usefulness of adjunct therapy is still controversial.
Mortality in post-discharge COVID-19 patients from a tertiary care center - A follow-up study
(Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2022-10) Mayekar, R; Lokhande, J; Mitta, P; Sakhardande, B; Mohanty, A; Achhapalia, Y.
Background: Among many responsibilities, the doctors from the COVID war room of our institute were assigned to take telephonic follow-up of discharged COVID patients to provide any medical assistance if needed. During this process, few relatives of the patient’s informed back that the patients had died after discharge from the COVID wards. Aim and Objective: Such data of death in the COVID patients after discharged are limited in India; hence, we conducted this study so that more information is generated. Materials and Methods: Relatives of these COVID patients were asked about date and place of death. Other data including gender, age, date of admission, date of discharge, and requirement of oxygen were available with the COVID war room and were used for evaluation. Results: Out of the 892 COVID discharged patients (between August and October 2020) who could be contacted, 19 (2.13%) patients (6 females and 13 males) had died after discharge from the COVID ward. Characteristics of these 19 patients included higher age (n = 11 were 61–80 years old and n = 3 were >80 years old), hospital stay of 11–20 days (n = 12), and required oxygen support (n = 12). Most deaths occurred within 20 days (n = 16) after discharge from the COVID ward. Conclusions: The current study reports deaths occurring COVID patients after discharge. Most of these deaths occurred within 4 weeks of cure and in elderly patients. More research with long-term follow-up is needed in “cured” COVID-19 patients so that appropriate preventive measures can be undertaken in the future.
Optimizing Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Yields: An Effect of Sowing Dates and Planting Densities in India Hot Arid Regions Under a Changing Climate
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-06) Reager, ML; Chandra, S; Kishor, N; Pant, R; Chung, S-M; Alfarraj, S; Ansari, MJ; Badu, M; Tripathy, S; Mohanty, A; Kumaraswamy, S; Kherawat, BS; Kesawat, MS.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) holds immense significance as an oilseed crop on a global scale. The growth and development of plants, along with crop productivity, are substantially impacted by the adverse effects of global climate change. In view of this, a research initiative was undertaken to investigate the effects of distinct sowing dates and planting densities on the yield and economic aspects of groundnut in the hot arid region of Rajasthan, India. The experiment, conducted over a span of three years during the kharif seasons of 2017, 2018, and 2019 at Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. The experimental design utilized a split-plot layout with four replications, comprising nine treatments. The main plot treatments involved three different sowing dates (15th May, 30th May, and 15th June), while the sub-plot treatments encompassed three planting densities (1.67 lakh, 2.50 lakh, and 3.33 lakh plants per hectare). Notably, the diverse sowing dates and planting densities exhibited notable effects on groundnut yield and economic viability. Comparative analysis revealed that sowing on May 30th, while statistically comparable to June 15th sowing, yielded the highest number of branches, pegs, pods per plant, kernel and pod yield, net return, and benefit-cost ratio. Interestingly, the highest haulm yield per hectare was achieved with the May 15th sowing, yet the harvest index improved progressively as sowing was delayed from May 15th to June 15th. However, the various sowing dates had no discernible effect on kernels per pod, seed index, and shelling percentage. Furthermore, employing a planting density of 1.67 lakh plants per hectare was resulted in the highest counts of branches, pegs, pods, kernels per pod, seed index, and shelling percentage. Remarkably, the elevation in planting density up to 2.50 lakh plants per hectare led to enhanced kernel and pod yields, harvest index, and net return. In an intriguing interaction between sowing dates and plant populations, the most favorable pod yield, kernel yield, and net return were recorded with a planting density of 2.50 lakh plants per hectare for the May 30th sowing. These findings underscore the significant effect of sowing date and planting density on yield attributes and ultimately on groundnut yield in the challenging hot arid region. Therefore, the timing of sowing and the density of planting play pivotal roles in enhancing groundnut productivity within this region, particularly in light of the changing climate conditions.
Posterior fossa extradural haematoma.
(1995-07-01) Prusty, G K; Mohanty, A
Seventeen patients with posterior fossa extradural haematoma are presented. While 7 patients had acute course, 6 had subacute and 4 had chronic course. All patients had evidence of occipital injury. Two patients did not have any fracture in the occipital bone. Concomitant lesions included cerebellar contusion in 3 cases, cerebral contusion in 4 patients, supratentorial extradural haematoma in 2 and hydrocephalus in 2 patients. All but one patient were treated surgically. None of the supratentorial lesions were operated upon. All patients with subacute and chronic course had good outcome while 43% with acute course succumbed to death. Besides the initial clinical status the co-existing lesions signifying the increased severity of injury have influenced the mortality and quality of outcome. In presence of occipital fracture a careful observation and timely intervention are warranted.
Pulmonary autograft mitral valve replacement: initial experience with the Ross II procedure.
(2002-05-10) Roy, S; Mohanty, A; Kumar, A Sampath
BACKGROUND: The renewed interest in mitral valve replacement with a pulmonary autograft encouraged us to perform this procedure in selected patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: From August 2000 to February 2002, 10 patients between 30 and 52 years of age with calcific mitral valvular disease underwent the Ross II procedure. Patients were either in New York Heart Association functional class III (7/10) or IV (3/10). Transthoracic echocardiography was done in all the patients to confirm the diagnosis. A pulmonary autograft was used to replace the diseased mitral valve. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography confirmed normal functioning of the autograft. There were 2 early deaths. The 8 survivors are in New York Heart Association functional class I with excellent autograft and homograft function at a follow-up of 2-20 months (mean 9 months). CONCLUSIONS: This procedure is a viable option for mitral valve replacement in patients with calcific mitral valve disease. However, the procedure is technically demanding and requires a valve bank.
A rare case of diabetic macular edema with a central serous chorioretinopathy presenting as pseudohypopyon over macula
(All India Ophthalmological Society, 2020-01) Mahapatra, SK; Mohanty, A
Rice-based Climate Resilient Farming Practices Influencing the Soil Physical Parameters, Carbon Dynamics and System Productivity in Inceptisols under Coastal Agro-ecosystem
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-04) Mohanty, A; Padhan, SR; Panigrahi, KK; Nayak, A; Pradhan, R; Mishra, KN.
A field experiment was carried out to assess the influence of different rice establishment technique {System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Conventional method of transplanting (CMT)}, rice-based cropping sequence {rice-groundnut-fallow (RGF) and rice-toria-greengram (RTG)}, mulching practices {No mulching (WoM) and Crop residue mulch (CRM)} and nutrient management practices{100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and 75% RDF + 25% N through FYM (INM)} on the different physical properties of the soil under changing climate at the Central Research Station, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar in the East and South Eastern Coastal Plain Zone of Odisha, India. The field experiment was conducted in split-plot design replicated thrice. Considerable build-up of SOC by 5.2%, 10.3% and 13.9% was observed under RTG, CRM and INM over RGF, WoM and RDF, respectively. Both CRM and INM registered higher proportion of water stable micro (14.8 %and 15.7 %) and macro-aggregates (5.2 % and 9.2 %), respectively over WoM and RDF. The CRM and INM remarkably elevated the macro-aggregate carbon by 13.9 % and 15.7 %, respectively over the initial contents (10.2 g kg-1). Additionally, the RGF and CRM recorded significantly higher REY of 9.2 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 over RTG and WoM treatments, respectively. Thus, SRI system along with mulching rice straw in toria and toria biomass to green gram and INM practices has been identified as the most suitable climate resilient farming practice in the coastal agro-ecosystem of Odisha, India because of its significant impact in soil physical properties including carbon storage, and thus synergizing effects for favourable soil ecosystem functioning.

Browsing by Author "Mohanty, A"

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