Browsing by Author "Matsuo,"
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Item Better ROC Curves for a Regionally Developed Helicobacter Pylori Antibody Test.(2001-01-30) Matsuo,; Hamajima,; Suzuki,; Nakamura,; Matsuura,; Tominaga,Item Gene-environment Interactions and Polymorphism Studies of Cancer Risk in the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center II (HERPACC-II).(2001-01-30) Hamajima,; Matsuo,; Saito,; Hirose,; Inoue,; Takezaki,; Kuroishi,; Tajima,Genetic polymorphisms may modify the effects of environmental risk factors on cancer occurrence. We have recently launched a comprehensive epidemiologic project, HERPACC II (Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center II), including both lifestyle and polymorphism data, following HERPACC-I which solely concentrated on lifestyle data. As of April 2001, about 3000 samples of DNA are being stored to conduct case-control studies. Genotyping of 46 polymorphisms has been conducted at the laboratory of the Division of Epidemiology and Prevention. Twelve case-control studies and two papers on a new PCR method, PCR-CTPP (polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers), have been accepted for publication. Significant findings in Japanese were found for 1) gene-environment interaction for esophageal cancer between heavy drinking and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), 2) malignant lymphoma risk with methylenetetrahydrofalate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase (MS), 3) interactions between smoking and two polymorphisms, interleukin 1B (IL-1B) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) for Helicobacter pylori infection, and 4) smoking habits with dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and IL-1B. Further studies on interactions with polymorphisms will continue to be conducted for Japanese, using larger sizes of samples.Item Genotype Frequencies of Cyclooxygenease 2 (COX2) Rare Polymorphisms for Japanese with and without Colorectal Cancer.(2001-01-30) Hamajima,; Takezaki,; Matsuo,; Saito,; Inoue,; Hirai,; Kato,; Ozeki,; Tajima,Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) is an inducible enzyme synthesizing prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, which is thought to play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Since the COX2 polymorphisms, if functional, may modify the carcinogenesis pathway, the associations between the reported polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk were examined in a hospital-based case-control study. Six polymorphisms of the gene encoding COX2 were genotyped for 241 non-cancer individuals (controls) and 148 colorectal cancer patients (74 colon cancer, 73 rectal cancer, and 1 colorectal cancer date, 22 polymorphisms including the above six have been reported for COX2. The other polymorphisms remain to be examined.Item Helicobacter Pylori Seropositivity, the Interleukin 1B Polymorphism, and Smoking among First-visit Outpatients.(2002-01-30) Hamajima,; Ito,; Matsuo,; Tajima,; Tominaga,Our previous studies of 241 re-visit outpatients in the Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication program (HPE) of Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Jpn J Cancer Res 2001;92:383-389 ) and of 462 health checkup examinees (HCE) in Nagoya (Jpn J Public Health 2001;48:604-612) found a significant association between HP seropositivity and the Interleukin 1B (IL-1B) C-31T genotype, especially among current smokers. This study aimed to confirm the association for 547 first-visit outpatients (277 males and 270 females) of Aichi Cancer Center Hospital aged 40 to 79 years. Samples were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP), the same method as that used in the previous studies. Sex-age-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.84-2.08) for CT genotype and 1.35 (0.84-2.08) for TT genotype. The aOR was higher in never smokers (aOR=1.69, 0.86-3.32 for TT genotype) than in current smokers (aOR=1.01, 0.34-2.98 for TT genotype). The obtained aORs for TT genotype were inconsistent to those in our previous studies; aOR=2.46 (1.06-5.74) for 241 HPE, aOR=1.74 (1.05-2.89) for 462 HCE, aOR=22.9 (1.97-266) for 55 HPE current smokers, and aOR=4.62 (0.94-22.7) for 67 HCE current smokers. Since the 95% confidence intervals of aORs for TT genotype from the three study subjects overlapped, the inconsistent findings could be due to random errors. Alternatively, there might be other effect modifiers for the association with the polymorphism. Further studies will be required to elucidate the causes of the observed inconsistent findings.Item Methionine Synthase Reductase Gene A66G Polymorphism is Associated with Risk of Colorectal Cancer.(2002-01-29) Matsuo,; Hamajima,; Hirai,; Kato,; Inoue,; Takezaki,; Tajima,A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate the significance of methionine and folate related polymorphisms, with 72 colon and 70 rectal cancer cases and 241 non-cancer controls. The polymorphisms examined were in the genes for methionine synthase reductase (MTRR A66G), methionine synthase (MTR A2756G) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T and A1298C). An unconditional logistic regression model was applied for estimating the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The age-sex adjusted OR for the MTRR GG genotype as compared with the AA and AG genotypes was 2.77 (95% CI: 1.39-5.53, p = 0.004), whereas adjusted ORs for other polymorphisms were not statistically significant. When the ORs for environment factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, body-mass-index, and physical exercise) were calculated according to each polymorphism, no substantial difference was observed except with the MTRR polymorphism. The ORs for the MTRR GG genotype seemed to be modified by the extent of environmental exposure. In conclusion, the present study showed that the GG genotype of MTRR A66G is a risk factor for colorectal cancer in Japanese, while MTHFR and MTR polymorphisms are not. The conclusions, however, need further evaluation in terms of micronutrient status and additional confirmatory studies are required with datasets for various ethnic groups.Item Subtle Instruction to Quit Smoking May be Efficacious for Certain Smokers.(2000-01-30) Hamajima,; Matsuo,There is no doubt that well-designed advertisements influence behavior of consumers, though the effects may vary depending on the advertisement targets. This is particularly true of tobacco advertisements. Deliberately coined words and images can effectively lead persons, especially youth, to acquiring smoking habits. However, demonstrating the effects of advertisements behavioral changes (eg. starting smoking and quitting smoking) in a framework of research is generally difficult, and epidemiologists tend to adopt a conservative stance against the association between such subtle messages and behavioral changes. Although we understand this stance as epidemiologists, we dare to report here a potential effect of a seemingly trivial message against smoking as observed in a follow-up study of smokers.Item Valid Responses to ABO Blood Type Question in Self-reporting Questionnaire.(2001-01-30) Ito,; Matsuo,; Saito,; Hirose,; Inoue,; Takezaki,; Hamajima,; Kuroishi,; Tajima,This paper reports the sensitivity and specificity of self-reported ABO blood type. Subjects were 283 outpatients who participated in Helicobacter pylori eradication program at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital. Excluding seven patients, an ABO blood test was successfully conducted for 276 participants (133 males and 143 females). Only three participants answered their blood type differently from the results of the blood test; one A-type male answered to be with AB type, one B-type male with AB type, and one AB-type male with A type. Nine participants stated that they did not know their ABO blood type. The sensitivity was 98.7% (95% confidence interval, 92.8-100.0%) for 75 O-type individuals, 96.1% (90.3-98.9%) for 102 A-type individuals, 92.9% (84.1-97.6%) for 70 B-type individuals, and 93.1% (77.2-99.2%) for 29 AB-type individuals, when the nine individuals were included. The specificity was more than 99% for any blood type. These findings revealed that self-reported ABO blood type is highly valid for epidemiologic studies.