Browsing by Author "Mathur, M"

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    14C urea breath test does not predict density of Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer disease.
    (2001-04-18) Kumar, D; Bal, C S; Dattagupta, S; Ahuja, V; Mathur, M; Sharma, M P
    BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The density of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucosa has prognostic significance, higher densities being associated with greater chances of development of duodenal ulcer and chronic atrophic gastritis as well as poor eradication by drug therapy. The aim of this study was to assess if 14C-urea breath test counts reflect bacterial density. METHODS: Sixty patients with endoscopically proven active duodenal ulcer and H. pylori positivity as determined by rapid urease test and gastric histology were studied. Gastric antral and corpus biopsies were graded for chronic gastritis, activity (presence of polymorphonuclear cells) and bacterial density (at surface and in pits) based on the Sydney system on a scale of four grades ranging from 0 to 3 (absent, mild, moderate and severe). 14C urea breath test was performed in all the patients. RESULTS: Chronic gastritis as well as activity was more prevalent as well as severe in the antrum as compared to the corpus. H. pylori density was also significantly more in the antrum as compared to the corpus both at the surface as well as in the pits. H. pylori density correlated with the grade of chronic gastritis and activity both in the antrum and in the corpus. Urea breath test counts ranged from 331.3 cpm (counts per minute) to 8770.5 cpm and these did not correlate with histological H. pylori density at any of the sites. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: 14C urea breath test does not reflect H. pylori density on histology in patients of duodenal ulcer disease.
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    Acute dehydrating diarrhea. Clinical profile in neonates & young infants.
    (1985-05-01) Daral, T S; Singh, H P; Sachdev, H P; Mohan, M; Mathur, M; Bhargava, S K
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    Adenocarcinoma of small bowel.
    (1990-09-01) Kabra, S K; Kumar, C L; Mathur, M; Choudhry, V P
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    Aflatoxin B1 induced hepatocarcinogenesis in neonatal rats.
    (1992-03-01) Mathur, M; Rizvi, T A; Nayak, N C
    Role of cell replication on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced hepatocarcinogenesis was investigated in neonatal rats showing persistence of cell replication in the liver for 21 days of post natal life. Adult (8-10 weeks old) rats displaying no hepatocytic proliferation served as controls. Three doses of AFB1 were administered to both the groups at intervals of 48 hr with the doses starting on 10th day of age in the neonatal group. Appearance of phenotypically altered preneoplastic hepatocytes was quantitated in both the groups. A significantly higher incidence of preneoplastic foci was recorded in neonatal rats as compared to adult animals. The results suggest that presence of cell replication in neonatal rats at the time of AFB1 administration enhances the process of hepatocarcinogenesis.
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    Anaemia of chronic renal failure.
    (1979-07-01) Agarwal, S; Mathur, M; Malhotra, K K; Das, K C; Sood, S K
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    Anaerobes in pleuropulmonary infections.
    (2002-07-28) De, A; Varaiya, A; Mathur, M
    A total of 76 anaerobes and 122 aerobes were isolated from 100 patients with pleuropulmonary infections, e.g. empyema (64), pleural effusion (19) and lung abscess (13). In 14% of the patients, only anaerobes were recovered, while a mixture of aerobes and anaerobes was encountered in 58%. From all cases of lung abscess, anaerobic bacteria were isolated, alone (04) or along with aerobic bacteria (13). From empyema and pleural effusion cases, 65.6% and 68.4% anaerobes were recovered respectively. Amongst anaerobes, gram negative anaerobic bacilli predominated (Prevotella melaninogenicus 16, Fusobacterium spp. 10, Bacteroides spp. 9), followed by gram positive anaerobic cocci (Peptostreptococcus spp. 31). Coliform bacteria (45) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (42) were the predominant aerobic isolates.
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    Assessment of proliferative potential of meningiomas using PCNA LI and AgNOR counts.
    (1998-07-07) Sudha, K; Karak, A K; Sharma, M C; Mathur, M; Sarkar, C
    Seventy-six cases of international meningiomas were studied using staining for Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and silver nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in order to find out any correlation of these parameters to the histological typing of the tumours and their biological behaviour. Histologically, 35 of the 76 cases were benign, 12 atypical and 19 malignant. Ten cases were recurrent. A male preponderance with a male: female ratio of 1.6:1 was noted. Five of 76 cases were in children below 15 years of age. Majority of the tumours were convexity meningiomas. Overall PCNA labeling index (LI) values ranged from 0.1% to 11.0%. Benign group had an LI of 0.9 +/- 1.42 whereas atypical, malignant and recurrent group had LIs of 4.06 +/- 2.33, 2.91 +/- 2.66 and 3.36 +/- 3.76 respectively. One way analysis of variance test showed a significant difference in the distribution of LI between benign versus atypical, malignant and recurrent group (P < 0.05). A highly significant difference was also observed between PCNA LI of recurrent benign group versus non-recurrent benign group (p < 0.01, wilcoxon Rank Sum Test). On further classifying the tumours based on LI values, it was observed that 30 of 41 (73%) cases of combined atypical, malignant and recurrent group (i.e. biologically more aggressive group) had LI of > 1%, whereas 26 of 35 cases (74%) belonging to the benign group had LI of < 1%. Overall AgNOR counts ranged from 1.27 to 3.11. No statistically significant difference was found in AgNOR counts amongst the different groups of meningiomas. There was no correlation between PCNA LI and AgNOR counts. It was thus concluded that PCNA LI but not AgNOR counts in the primary tumour could be of potential value for more accurate assessment of biologic behaviour of meningiomas in conjunction with the conventional A histological parameters.
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    Bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia cases (for the year 1990-91).
    (1994-01-01) Mathur, M; Shah, H; Dixit, K; Khambadkone, S; Chakrapani, A; Irani, S
    Blood culture reports were studied in 1266 cases of clinically suspected neonatal septicemia, to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the cultured isolates. Blood culture was positive in 24.88% of cases. Gram negative septicemia was encountered in 87.1% of these neonates. Klebsiella and Enterobacter species were the predominant pathogens amongst Gram negative organisms. Of Gram positive isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant isolate (79.0%). Salmonella species was isolated in 2.4% of these cases.
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    Bacteriological studies of gas gangrene and related infections.
    (2003-07-24) De, A; Varaiya, A; Mathur, M; Bhesania, A
    Gas gangrene, a life threatening condition is predominantly caused by Clostridium spp. Over a five year period (1996-2000), 580 wound swabs were processed from patients who had vehicular accidents with crush injury. The specimens were processed for anaerobic and aerobic organisms by standard laboratory techniques. Of the 580 swabs, 55(9.48%) were primary smear positive for spore bearing bacteria, of which 48 grew Clostridium spp. They were the sole anaerobic isolates in 30 patients (62.5%) whereas Clostridium spp. along with nonsporing anaerobes were isolated in 18 patients. Clostridium perfringens was the predominant isolate in 39 out of 48 cases (81.3%). However, 16 wound swabs which were primarily smear negative for spore bearers, grew Bacteriodes fragilis (11) and Fusobacterium species (5). All these 16 patients had foul smelling discharge with crepitation in the tissues. Our study highlights that apart from Clostridium spp., non-clostridial crepitant infections may present as myonecrosis simulating gas gangrene.
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    Bacteriology of acute otitis media in children.
    (2002-01-28) De, A; Varaiya, A; Tainwala, S; Mathur, M
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    A case of tuberculous pericardial effusion.
    (2009-01-28) Wanjari, K; Baradkar, V; Mathur, M; Kumar, S
    Tuberculosis accounts for up to 4% of acute pericarditis and 7% cases of cardiac tamponade. Prompt treatment can be life saving but requires accurate diagnosis. We report a case of 30-year-old male who presented with fever, chills, and dry nonproductive cough since one month. The case was diagnosed by radiological findings, which were suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis, followed by acid fast staining and culture of the aspirated pericardial fluid. The patient was responding to antitubercular treatment at the last follow up.
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    Cerebral Candida abscess in an infant.
    (2009-01-28) Baradkar, V P; Mathur, M; Kumar, S
    Brain abscess is uncommon in the pediatric population. Here, we report one such case due to Candida albicans in one-year-old infant, without any predisposing factors. The child presented with progressively increasing size of head circumference. The diagnosis was confirmed by CT scan of brain and microbiological investigations on the drained pus material. The patient responded to combination of surgery (drainage) and intravenous amphotericin B. Neurological development six months after hospital discharge was normal. The organism being a rare cause of cerebral abscess in pediatric population is reported here.
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    Changing patterns of Vibrio cholerae isolation over three consecutive cholera seasons (1992-1994) in east Delhi.
    (1997-03-01) Rudra, S; Mathur, M; Talwar, V; Kathuria, K
    The emergence of new strains of Vibrio Cholerae has added a new dimension to the variability in pathogenicity and potential virulence of the organisms precipitating diarrhoeal diseases. Considering the shifting patterns of V. cholerae 01 there is a continuous need to monitor the strain characteristics. In this study total 541 stool specimens of acute secretory diarrhoea were investigated between May 1992 and November 1994 for strains of Vibrio Cholerae and anti-microbial susceptibility testing of all the confirmed V. Cholerae strains. In 1992, 50 of the 125 strains (40%) were positive for V. cholerae 01 predominantly biotype El Tor serotype ogawa, and 10 (80%) of non 01 type, with most strains susceptible to tetracycline (100%), chloramphenicol (98%) and Cotrimoxazole (98%), but all resistant to polymyxin B and furazolidine. In 1993, 44 (43.6%) of the 010 strains were positive for V. cholerae 0139 and the rest V. cholerae 01. In 1994, another sero group of V. cholerae 010 emerged, with 42 (13.3%) being positive. Isolates did not agglutinate with any of these antisera and have been labelled as 'other than non-01 vibrio cholerae'.
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    Characterisation of Vibrio cholerae 0139 isolated from diarrhoeal stools.
    (1996-04-01) Mahajan, R; Goel, M; Mathur, M; Kathuria, K; Agrawal, D S; Talwar, V
    A total of 174 samples of acute diarrhoeal stools received over a period of seven months, yielded 101 isolated morphologically and biochemically resembling Vibro cholerae. Serologically, 57(56.4 per cent) of the 101 isolates were identified as V. cholerae 01 and remaining 44 (43.6 per cent) as V. cholerae 0139. Keeping in mind the unique potential of 0139 among non 01 vibrio to cause epidemics, we decided to undertake the study of biochemical characters and physiological behaviour of all the 44 V. cholerae 0139 isolates. All the stains were Voges Proskauer's test positive' haemagglutinating and grew in the presence of 6 per cent sodium chloride. 13 (29.5 per cent) strains showed haemolytic activity. Nine (20.5 per cent) were polymyxin-B sensitive and 4 (9.0 per cent) fermented lactose. All the isolates showed considerable degree of homogeneity in their biochemical and physiological properties, some characters define them to be closer to El Tor biotype.
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    Clinical and morphological variants of cutaneous tuberculosis and its relation to mycobacterium species.
    (2001-10-01) Gopinathan, R; Pandit, D; Joshi, J; Jerajani, H; Mathur, M
    Cutaneous tuberculosis forms a small proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The incidence of cutaneous tuberculosis has fallen from 2% to 0.15% in India whereas it is rare in developed countries. The present study is an attempt at finding out the Mycobacterium species associated with cutaneous tuberculosis. A total of 51 cases of clinically suspected cutaneous tuberculosis were studied over a period of 18 months from July 1997 to December 1998. Of these, 32 (62.75%) were Scrofuloderma cases, 12 (23.52%) cases of Lupus vulgaris and 7 (13.73%) were Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC) cases. Twenty nine mycobacterial isolates from 51 specimens gave an isolation rate of 56.86%. These were subjected to a battery of biochemical tests for identification to species level. Twenty six out of 29 isolates were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, two were identified as Mycobacterium Scrofulaceum and one Mycobacterium avium complex was isolated. Sixteen Mycobacterial isolates were recovered from Scrofuloderma cases, 9 were isolated from Lupus vulgaris and 4 from TBVC cases. The three atypical mycobacterial isolates were recovered from Scrofuloderma cases. Though Mycobacterium tuberculosis was the most common isolate, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum and Mycobacterium avium complex were also isolated in the present study.
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    Cluster of cases of clinical cholera due to Vibrio cholerae 010 in east Delhi.
    (1996-02-01) Rudra, S; Mahajan, R; Mathur, M; Kathuria, K; Talwar, V
    A total of 514 samples of acute diarrhoeal stools received over a period of four months yielded 315 isolates morphologically and biochemically resembling V. cholerae. Out of 315 isolates, 223 (70.8%) were identified as V. cholerae 01, 20 (6.4%) as 0139 and 42 (13.3%) as 010. Thirty (9.5%) isolates did not agglutinate with any of the available antisera. All V. cholerae 010 isolates showed complete homogeneity in their biochemical and physiological properties. This strain appears to be closely related to El Tor biotype of V. cholerae 01, since it was positive for some of the tests used for identification of El Tor. The ability of strain 010 to grow in the presence of 6 per cent salt provides it the status of an important environmental pathogen. Acquisition of some virulence genes from El Tor vibrios by this strain 010 appears to be one of the mechanisms involved in the emergence of this serogroup.
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    Colonisation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi.
    (2002-07-21) Goyal, Renu; Das, Shukla; Mathur, M
    Methicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have been responsible for many nosocominl epidemics. Colonised employees of hospital such as asymptomatic nasal and hand carriers act as reservoirs for the spread of this organism within hospital. During a period of three months 150 HCW were screened for nasal and hand colonisation by MRSA. 6.6% (10) HCW were colonised by MRSA and 50% of these were carrying MRSA on both hands and anterior nares. 30% (3) of MRSA strains were multidrug resistant and 60% (6) were resistant to ciproflox. Whether the eradication of MRSA carrier state will lead to decreased rate of MRSA infection is yet to be documented.