Browsing by Author "Mandal, A K"

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    Amphotericin B lipid complex in the management of antimony unresponsive Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
    (1999-02-22) Sundar, S; Goyal, A K; Mandal, A K; Makharia, M K; Singh, V P; Murray, H W
    Fifty-eight Indian patients with visceral leishmaniasis who did not respond or relapsed after 30 days of consecutive sodium stibogluconate therapy were randomised to treatment with amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) using a total dose of 7.5 or 10 mg/kg. Treatment induced a prompt clinical response in all patients with resolution of fever and regression in spleen size. Fever and chills developed during ABLC infusion, but it diminished with successive infusions. Fourteen days after treatment, 26 of 28 (93%) patients in the 7.5 mg/kg group and all 30 (100%) in the 10 mg/kg group had splenic aspirate parasite density scores of 0 and were considered apparent clinical and parasitologic responders. Four and three patients in the 7.5 and 10 mg/kg groups respectively relapsed during six months of followup; thus, overall 22 of 28 (79%) patients treated with 7.5 mg/kg and 27 of 30 (90%) treated with 10 mg/kg were definitive cures. All initial non-responders and relapses were retreated successfully with higher dose of ABLC. These results confirm the efficacy of short-course ABLC therapy for antimony-unresponsive Indian patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Since treatment with a total dose of 7.5 mg/kg did not appear to increase efficacy (79% vs. 84% induced by 5 mg/kg in a prior study), initial treatment with a total dose of 5 mg/kg followed by retreatment of any non-responders represents a potentially less costly approach in patients who fail antimony therapy. Though high cure rates are achieved with > or = 10 mg/kg total dose of ABLC, treatment using lower doses with retreatment of non-responders or relapses with higher dose can result in considerable savings.
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    Angle closure glaucoma in nanophthalmos and pigmentary retinal dystrophy: a rare syndrome.
    (2001-12-22) Mandal, A K; Das, T; Gothwal, V K
    The simultaneous occurrence of nanophthalmos, angle closure glaucoma and pigmentary retinal dystrophy documented in the present case represents a rare syndrome.
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    Artesunate therapy in falciparum malaria--alone or in combination.
    (1999-05-25) Singh, S K; Mandal, A K; Pal, S; Sinha, S K; Singh, K K; Chaturvedi, R; Singh, S K; Agrawal, J K
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    An assessment of AIDS awareness program--for I.C.D.S. functionaries.
    (1995-07-01) Ray, S K; Saha, I; Mandal, A K; Biswas, B; Dasgupta, S; Biswas, A B; Kumar, S
    An assessment of the "One Day AIDS Awareness Program" for I.C.D.S. functionaries was done. The pre-training knowledge level scores were 55.3%, 39.3% and 60.4% of the total score, in 24-Parganas (S), Burdwan and Calcutta districts respectively. However, the post-training assessment scores were observed to be 91.9%, 84.9% and 94.8% in 24-Parganas (S), Burdwan and Calcutta districts respectively. The percentage increase in mean scores was found to be 66.5%, 115.8% and 57.1% in 24-Parganas (S), Burdwan and Calcutta districts respectively.
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    Authors’ response.
    (2015-01) Sugunan, A P; Bhattacharya, Haimanti; Bhattacharya, Debdutta; Mandal, A; Ghosal, S R; Rao, R C; Mandal, A K
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    Boari flap calycovesicostomy: a salvage procedure for giant hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
    (1990-01-01) Mandal, A K; Hemal, A K; Vaidyanathan, S
    The surgical management of two patients with giant hydronephrosis in a solitary kidney treated by Boari flap calycovesicostomy is presented. In one patient, this operation was done following unsuccessful previous pyeloplasty, while in the other this was done as the primary operation. Though free reflux was observed in both the cases, the refluxed contrast emptied satisfactorily after double voiding. No deterioration of renal function was noted during the follow-up period of 12 months.
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    Brain stem evoked response audiometry in neonates.
    (1989-06-01) Mandal, A K; Mehra, Y N; Narang, A; Raghunathan, M; Walia, B N
    Brain stem evoked response audiometry (BERA) was performed in 50 normal full term newborn infants (25 male, 25 female) to generate normative data base for this age group. The stimuli of 30 dB, 40 dB and 80 dB nHL (normal hearing level) intensities were delivered to each subjects. 30 dB stimulus failed to produce clear wave patterns, whereas upto six vertex positive waves were recognised among which waves I, III and V were commonly present. The absolute latencies of waves I and V at 40 dB nJL were 2.54 +/- 0.21 msec and 7.56 +/- 0.26 msec and at 80 dB nHL these were 2.06 +/- 0.15 msec and 7.09 +/- 0.17 msec respectively. I-V interpeak latencies (IPL) were 5.02 +/- 0.13 msec at 40 dB and 5.03 +/- 0.13 at 80 dB nHL. The latencies of waves I and V were decreased with the increase of intensity of stimuli with the rate of 0.012 msec/dB, bit I-V IPL, i.e., central conduction time remained almost constant. There were no statistically significant differences in the brain stem auditory evoked responses between male and female subjects. Brain stem evoked response audiometry is objective and reliable for hearing screening in neonates.
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    Bronchiolitis obliterans following measles.
    (1988-12-01) Kumar, L; Singh, M; Mandal, A K; Singhi, P D; Bushnurmath, S R
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    Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor: report of two cases.
    (2008-07-30) Mandal, Shramana; Varma, Kachnar; Khurana, Nita; Mandal, A K
    Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare, benign odontogenic tumor. It constitutes 0.4-3% of all odontogenic tumors. There is only a single case, which has been reported in the Indian literature that too in cytology. Microscopically, these are composed of large sheets of epithelial cells, amorphous amyloid-like material and calcification. Although these lesions are benign, they can be locally aggressive, but malignant transformation and metastasis is rare. Considering its locally aggressive nature, appropriate management and long-term follow-up is recommended. We describe two cases of CEOT involving the hard palate and leading to facial alterations.
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    Carcinogenic effect of nicotine on normal mammary ductal epithelial cells and the protective role of beta-carotene.
    (2003-01-19) Mazhari, Nakhat Jameel; Mandal, A K; Thusoo, T K
    A number of carcinogens like polycyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines have been incriminated to induce mammary carcinomas in vitro and in vivo. Studies have supported an inter-relationship between tobacco consumption and breast cancer. Because nicotine is the major alkaloid present in tobacco this study was conducted to find the direct in vitro effect of nicotine on normal mammary ductal epithelial cells. It was seen in the present work that nicotine causes a statistically significant increase in the proliferative rate and ER (estrogen receptor) expression as compared to the control group. This change was more pronounced with a lower concentration of nicotine (650 microg/ml). Colony efficiency also showed a similar trend. Beta carotene was added in the present work to study its anti oxidant effect on nicotine induced changes. Beta carotene significantly decreased the proliferation rate induced by 650 microg/ml nicotine. It also prevented the cytotoxic effect of higher dose of nicotine, however, it failed to alter significantly the ER expression induced by lower concentration of nicotine though it showed decreasing trend.
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    Clinical Outcome and Echocardiographic Evaluation of Inferior Myocardial Infarction with Right Ventricular Involvement.
    (2012) Guha, B; Majumder, A A S; Chowdhury, M N A; Hossain, M M; Mandal, A K
    Background : Acute right ventricular myocardial infarction complicates inferior wall myocardial infarction with an incidence of 14-84%. ECG is the cornerstone in initial diagnosis as it is cost effective and done easily. Echocardiographic analysis of the right ventricular involvement can shed light on the severity of the disease. Hence we aimed to study right ventricular infarction in acute inferior wall myocardial infarction using right precordial lead as well as echocardiography. Methods: Present study is based on the analysis of 100 patients admitted to Coronary care unit of the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Hospital during July 2010 to June 2011, with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction. 12 lead ECG with thorough physical examination was done along with right precordial mapping. ST ³ 1mm in V4R was initial diagnostic of right ventricular involvement followed by echocardiographic assessment of RV and LV within 24 hours. Results: A total of 50 patients showed right ventricular involvement with V4R being the sensitive lead. Echocardiography showed mean RVEF of patients with 29.5 % ± 9.5 in comparison of 44.9%±12.2 without right ventricular involvement. Right ventricular involvement presented with bradycardia (40%) and hypotension, 80% Kussmaul’s sign, 14% with complete heart block. Mortality in right ventricular involvement was 6 times higher than without right ventricular involvement (12 %). Conclusion: Clinical signs and symptomatology are not fully diagnostic of RVI in inferior wall acute MI. ECG can diagnose (using right precordial mapping) this condition very early. Echocardiography help to assess the right ventricular function high-risk groups for aggressive management like primary PCI. Early diagnosis will help in careful monitoring and management of such cases.
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    Complete gastric duplication cyst.
    (2005-07-06) Singh, Sompal; Gupta, Ruchika; Mandal, A K
    We report a 13-year-old boy who was detected to have an abdominal mass on ultrasonography. A possibility of tuberculous lymph nodes was considered in view of history of pain, low fever, and anorexia. Histology of the excised mass showed complete gastric duplication cyst.
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    Coverage of Maternal Care Services in the state of West Bengal.
    (2001-10-29) Sinha, R N; Dasgupta, S; Pal, D; Mondal, N K; Karmakar, P R; Baur, B; Mandal, A K
    Evaluation of the Coverage of Maternal Care Services was conducted during the year 1999 in the entire State of West Bengal, Urban poor localities of randomly selected three Municipal Corporation areas and 'high-risk' urban wards or villages of West Bengal that had reported AFP cases in 1998. It was observed that mothers who had three or more antenatal check-ups varied between 54% to 82% in different study areas. Tetanus Toxoid coverage varied between 83.5% to 93.4% being lowest in high-risk areas. Only a very small section of mothers (12.7% to 23.7%) consumed 100 or more Iron and Folic acid tablets during pregnancy. 'Danger Signs' of pregnancy were informed to only 21.1% to 38.2% of the pregnant mothers. Proportion of home deliveries varied between 16.7% (Calcutta) to as high as 72.7% (high-risk areas). Deliveries conducted by untrained personnel were 60.8% in high risk areas, 38.1% in State clusters and between 14.2% to 29.4% in the three urban areas. Vast majority of mothers (78.8% to 88.4%) received no post-natal check-up.
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    Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of developmental glaucomas.
    (1993-07-01) Mandal, A K
    Developmental glaucoma is a global problem and has a broad range of ocular manifestations and is sometimes associated with systemic disorders and syndromes. It poses a major diagnostic and management problem to the ophthalmologists. A proper diagnostic evaluation under general anesthesia is advisable for all children who do not cooperate for an office examination. Surgery remains the principal therapeutic modality in the management of developmental glaucoma and medical therapy is limited to a supplemental role while the child is being prepared for surgery. Conventional angle incision surgery (goniotomy and trabeculotomy ab externo) is uniquely valuable in the management of primary developmental glaucoma, while combined trabeculotomy cum trabeculectomy offers the best hope of success in advanced cases. In recent years, artificial drainage devices such as the Molteno implant seem to be promising for safe and effective pressure control in children with refractory developmental glaucoma. Visual rehabilitation involves correction of refractive errors, removal of opacities in media (i.e. cataract or corneal scarring) and aggressive amblyopia therapy. Early diagnosis, prompt institution of therapy combined with commitment from the family for postoperative follow-up care are critical for the restoration of good visual function.
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    Declining trend in routine UIP coverage.
    (2001-01-29) Dasgupta, S; Pal, D; Sinha, R N; Mandal, N K; Karmakar, P R; Saha, I; Mandal, A K
    Routine UIP coverage status in the state of West Bengal and three selected Municipal Corporation areas (Calcutta, Howrah and Siliguri) were studied during 1997-98 and 1998-99. Also, UIP coverage status in the 'high risk' areas of the State (areas which reported Polio cases during 1998) was studied during 1998-99. UIP coverage in the state of West Bengal was only 54.3% in 1997-98, which further declined to 48.1% in 1998-99. In the three urban areas, UIP coverage ranged between 57.3%-70.9% in 1997-98, which further declined to 29.6%-47.1% in 1998-99. Antigenwise coverage revealed very poor performance with DPT3, OPV3, and Measles in 1997-98 and further decline in 1998-99. Dropout rate was also very high. In 1998-99 drop-out rate ranged between 30.1% to 54.2% in different studied areas. Some other studies suggested that PPI activities, which are very visible and targetted programme, may adversely affect routine UIP services. There is urgent need for further probing to identify the reasons for such poor state of affairs, keeping PPI angle in mind and to initiate remedial measure urgently.
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