Browsing by Author "Maliekkal, J"

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    Association of insulin resistance and lipid profile with serum T3, T4, and TSH in patients with hypothyroidism
    (Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2023-03) Unnikrishnan, D; Maliekkal, J; N, G.
    Background: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine derangement met with in clinical practice. Deficiency of thyroid hormones can have a significant effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the association of insulin resistance and lipid profile with serum triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital after obtaining clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Thirty primary hypothyroid subjects were selected as cases based on their TSH values (>4 uIU/mL) and thirty normal subjects as controls after proper exclusion and after getting the informed consent. Their fasting plasma glucose levels, lipid profile, and serum T3, T4, TSH were measured. Homeostasis model Assessment using OXFORD HOMA 2 CALCULATOR was used to determine the insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: The mean values of HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly higher in hypothyroid group than in normal controls. HOMA-IR showed a significant negative correlation with T3 and T4. The correlations of HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides with TSH were positive. Conclusion: The present study shows that hypothyroidism leads to an elevated insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
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    Association of obesity parameters and lipid profile in patients with both diabetes mellitus and hypertension in a tertiary care center in North Kerala
    (?Eldaghayes Publisher, 2024-05) Mohanan, S; Gopalakrishnan, M; Salim, S; Salim, S; Nair, G; Maliekkal, J; Sunny, S.
    Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are modern-day epidemics that determine the health status of both low- and high-income countries throughout the world. Dyslipidemia and obesity are risk factors that contribute greatly to these diseases. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist–hip ratio (WHR), waist–height ratio, and lipid profile can detect both general and abdominal obesity. Aim and Objective: This study was conducted to find the association between these obesity parameters and lipid profile in patients with both type 2 DM and hypertension. Materials and Methods: This was a case–control study conducted in the age group of 30–75 years. Cases were patients with both DM and hypertension. Healthy controls were selected from the general population (hospital staff). 64 subjects were taken in each group in a 1:1 ratio. Anthropometric measurements and blood investigations including blood sugar, serum insulin, lipid profile, and insulin resistance (IR) were measured. Analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation were done. Results: The mean age among the cases was 58.50 ± 6.58 years while among the controls was 48.72 ± 9.56 years. Mean anthropometric measurements were found to be significantly higher among the cases compared to the controls (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between IR and BMI, WC, and WHR among patients with both DM and hypertension (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of a combination of the four obesity parameters will yield better results in the detection of obesity and timely intervention can be made to reduce the complications associated with DM and hypertension. WC is a simple tool to exclude IR and to identify those at risk to develop metabolic disease and therefore would benefit most from lifestyle modifications.
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    A case–control study to assess the association of obesity and insulin resistance in hypertension at a tertiary care hospital in North Kerala
    (Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2022-08) Mohanan, S; Nair, G; Maliekkal, J; Salim, S.
    Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 41 million people each year, equivalent to 71% of all deaths globally. Cardiovascular diseases account for most of the NCD deaths, followed by cancers, respiratory diseases, and diabetes. Detection, screening, and treatment of NCDs are the key components of response to NCDs. Aim and Objective: The objective of this work is to study the association of body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity, and insulin resistance with hypertension and those with both diabetes and hypertension. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was done among 30–70 years old people who came to Government Medical College, Kozhikode between August 2014 and July 2015. They were divided into two study groups and one control group. Complete history, physical, and laboratory examination was done among them and the data were entered in a pro format. Results: The mean ages in each group were 57.73, 58.5, and 48.71, respectively, in each group. The male: female ratio was 1.37:1, 1.06:1, and 1:1 in each group. BMI, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were increased progressively in patients with hypertension and those with both hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Insulin resistance was highest in patients with both hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Obesity is an important contributor to the development of Type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Among the parameters to measure obesity, WHtR is considered the supreme. Insulin resistance is found in hypertensives and those with diabetes and hypertension.
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    A comparative study on the renal function parameters and serum C reactive protein levels in relation to the severity of preeclampsia
    (Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2022-10) S, SC; Maliekkal, J; N, G; Nair, A.
    Background: Preeclampsia is one of the major complications affecting the pregnancy. It is an important cause of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the renal function and serum C reactive protein (CRP) levels in pre-eclampsia. Materials and Methods: Our study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 90 pregnant women in a tertiary care center in Kerala. The Institutional Ethics Committee approved the study. Blood urea, serum creatinine, and serum CRP levels were estimated in 30 normotensive pregnant women, 30 mild preeclamptic, and 30 severe pre eclamptic women. Statistical analysis was done. Results: The mean values of all the three parameters were highest in severe pre-eclampsia when compared to the normotensive pregnant women. The mean values in mild pre-eclampsia lies in between the values of other two groups. The results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Significant alteration in renal function tests and serum CRP levels prove to be an important indicator in assessing the severity of preeclampsia.
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    A study on lipid profile in thyroid dysfunction
    (Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2023-06) D, BP; Maliekkal, J; N, G; H, ANV.
    Background: Thyroid diseases are among the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. Thyroid hormones play a key role in regulating the synthesis, metabolism, and mobilization of lipids. Levels of circulating lipids may alter in thyroid dysfunction. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the alterations of lipid levels in thyroid dysfunction. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as cross-sectional observational study and analysis of values was done by significant tests difference in means. 20 patients with hypothyroidism, 20 patients with hyperthyroidism, and 20 normal were participated in the study. Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), LDL-C, and LDL/HDL ratio were estimated and compared. Results: In patients with hypothyroidism, there was an increase in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels and decrease in HDL-C levels. In hyperthyroidism, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and LDL/HDL ratio were found to be significantly decreased. Conclusion: Altered thyroid function can lead to significant changes in the lipid profile. Hypothyroidism is an important risk factor for heart diseases. Hence, routine screening of thyroid hormones may be of considerable help for early intervention and treatment of thyroid dysfunction-related cardiac disease.