Browsing by Author "Mahajan, S"

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    Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) Cervix in a Young Female- A Rare Occurrence
    (Dr. Annil Mahajan, 2023-01) Mahajan, S; Jandial, A; Bhardwaj, S.
    Adenoid cystic carcinoma cervix (ACC) is an extremely rare (representing <1% of cervical carcinomas), highly aggressive cancer of old, macroscopically appearing as an irregular, friable mass and histologically showing a pseudo glandular or cribriform growth pattern. The tumor is highly infiltrative, often associated with vascular, lymphatic as well as perineural invasion and early recurrence. We report a case of ACC Cervix in a 20-year-old female who presented with vaginal bleeding and cervical biopsy suggested ACC. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and the histopathological examination revealed adenoid cystic carcinoma cervix extending and inolving endometrium and greater than 2/3rd of the myometrium with uninvolved adnexa. We report this case because of its rarity and particularly unusual occurrence in young females.
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    Adherence to Indian public health standards 2022 standards: a cross-sectional study on infrastructure of health and wellness centres in Amritsar district of Punjab
    (Medip Academy, 2025-01) Kaur, R; Mahajan, S; Padda, P; Jyoti, K.
    Background: After independence since 1952 basic healthcare services are primarily being delivered through primary health centres (PHCs). Recently, the government has expanded services with health and wellness centres (HWCs) to offer comprehensive primary care. Indian public health standards (IPHS) has formed the basis of their updation since 2007 with latest coming up in 2022. It is a general belief that infrastructure is lacking but no studies have been conducted to assess them in the border district of state of Punjab. Methods: An observational cross?sectional study was conducted among 8 urban PHCs (UPHCs), 17 rural PHCs (R-PHC) and 28 sub health centres (SHCs) of district Amritsar UPHCs selected by Simple random sampling whereas RPHCs and SHCs selected by two stages stratified random sampling) where available infrastructure was assessed using a checklist developed on basis of IPHS 2022. Data was collected by observation and interview with medical officer and community health officer. Based on the checklist, overall scores were calculated where presence/absence of infrastructure were scored as 1/0. The PHCs were then classified into very good (>80%), good (60-80%), average (40-60%), poor (<40%). Results: Basic utilities like 24-hour electricity and water supply were available in 100% of R-PHCs, 89% of SHCs, and 100% of UPHCs. Fire safety measures were present in 50% of UPHCs, 35% of R-PHCs, and none of the SHCs. Residential facilities were available in 35% of R-PHCs, 4% of SHCs, and none of the UPHCs. Regarding clinical infrastructure, 70% of R-PHCs (24×7 and non 24×7) had inpatient wards, but none were equipped with minor OTs. In comparison, 62% of UPHCs (24×7 and non 24×7) had inpatient wards, and only 25% had minor OTs. Among SHCs, 89% had consultation. Overall, 83% of R-PHCs and 75% of UPHCs were graded very good or good, while 82% of SHCs were rated average or poor. Conclusions: While basic amenities were widely available, significant gaps in clinical and support infrastructure were identified, particularly in SHCs, which lack fire safety measures, functional residential quarters, and dedicated health and wellness areas. These deficiencies underscore the need for targeted investments to enhance infrastructure across all HWC levels.
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    Assessment of household dietary diversity and its associated factors among the households of Amritsar district: a descriptive cross-sectional study
    (Medip Academy, 2024-12) Aditi; Padda, P; Mahajan, S; Kaur, J; Arvin.
    Background: Dietary diversity (DD) refers to the range of foods consumed over a specific period, ensuring adequate nutrient intake for optimal health and development. It’s a critical component of a healthy diet and is widely recognized as such. Dietary diversity is a qualitative measure of food consumption, which indicates household access to a variety of foods and is proxy for nutrient adequacy of the individual's diet. It is described as the number of different food or food groups consumed over a given reference period. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in rural areas and urban slums of district Amritsar. A 24-hour recall evaluated the HDDS amongst 300 households equally distributed in rural and urban areas. HDDS consisted of 12 food groups which were marked 0 or 1 depending upon the consumption of various food items in the past 24 hours and the total score was calculated. Data was compiled and analyzed using Epi Info, CDC USA. For nominal, categorical and ordinal data, frequencies and proportions were calculated. For continuous data, mean±standard deviation, median (IQR) were calculated whichever relevant depending upon the distribution of data. Results: Mean household dietary diversity score in rural areas was a little higher i.e. 8.96 versus urban areas where it was 8.82. Conclusions: In both rural and urban areas (100%) ate 6 food groups viz. cereals and millets, vegetables, milk and milk products, oil and butter, sugar/honey/jaggery and tea/coffee.
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    An association of external and internal enamel pearls.
    (2005-01-27) Mahajan, S; Charan, C R
    We report a rare case of an association of external enamel pearl with internal enamel pearl on the root of a molar. To the best of our knowledge, association of external and internal enamel pearls has not been previously reported. We discussed the histogenesis of enamel pearls and proposed that internal enamel pearl formation may be a continuation of formation of external enamel pearl.
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    Awareness of physical changes occurring in adolescent period: an interventional study among girls 13-17 years of age in rural field practice area Government Medical College, Amritsar
    (Medip Academy, 2025-02) Jyoti, K; Mahajan, S; Singh, D; Gupta, A.
    Background: Adolescence is a crucial period of life having stress and storms. It is the important period of development that follows the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult. During this transitional stage that extends from 10-19 years, there occurs physical and psychological development that follows the period of puberty leading to adulthood. This study aimed to assess the awareness of physical changes among adolescent girls to assess the awareness of physical changes among adolescent girls. Methods: This interventional study was carried out in the rural area of Amritsar, two government senior secondary schools were selected by simple random technique. In these schools adolescent girls of the age group 13 to 17 years were included and out of school adolescent girls of the same age group who were residents of these two villages were also included in the study. The study was carried out in three phase pre intervention, intervention and post intervention phase. Results: Before intervention 45.21% of the respondents did not know and after intervention 68.26% came to know that 10-19 is the age group under adolescence periods. Before intervention respondents 32.17% had no knowledge and after intervention 53.34% had good knowledge. Conclusions: Information education and communication sessions significantly increases the knowledge of adolescent girls about physical changes occurring in this period.
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    Bacteriology of bronchial secretions in non-tubercular lower respiratory tract infections.
    (1999-01-20) Arora, U; Mohan, U; Mahajan, S
    Fifty samples of bronchial secretions collected from patients of non-tubercular lower respiratory tract infections through fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) were cultured both for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Thirty-three (66%) samples yielded bacteria. Out of these, thirty were isolated in pure culture and from three, a mixed growth of aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms was obtained. Aerobic bacteria were the predominant isolates. Stephylococcus aureus (10), pseudomonas (9) and streptococcus pneumoniae (8) were the major aerobic isolates. Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most effective drug against aerobes and metronidazole against anaerobes in vitro susceptibility tests.
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    Barriers to timely presentation for appropriate care of retinopathy of prematurity in Odisha, Eastern India
    (All India Ophthalmological Society, 2019-06) Padhi, TR; Badhani, A; Mahajan, S; Savla, LP; Sutar, S; Jalali, S; Das, T
    Purpose: To analyze the causes for late presentation in a series of patients with advanced retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a tertiary eye care institute in Eastern India. Methods: We analyzed our medical records and ROP database retrospectively from 2007 to 2015 and prospectively thereafter till 2017 to identify the factors for late presentation in babies with advanced ROP (stages 4 and 5). Results: A total of 71 eligible subjects were analyzed. The mean chronological age was 15.1 months (2 months to 14 years). The three important barriers were: (1) the system and neonatal care policy failure (n = 45; 63.3%), (2) parental negligence and ignorance (n = 19; 26.7%), and (3) ophthalmologist's misdiagnosis or unavailability (n = 7; 10%). Majority of the babies (63.3%) were admitted in the neonatal care unit when they were due for ROP screening with an average duration of stay of 35.5 days. Conclusion: The main barriers to early screening for ROP were related to availability of trained human resources, ignorance of “parents and health care personnel,” and distance from the point of care. This calls for training of ophthalmologists, advocacy with neonatologists and parents, and create systems for better coordination and compliance of the care providers.
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    The correlation of screen time with sleep quality: A cross-sectional study on undergraduate medical students
    (Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2023-03) Baria, DP; Hathila, P; Devalia, J; Mahajan, S; Shah, TJ.
    Background: Continuous and long-term exposure to the screens of electronic devices, especially smartphones, cell phones, and tablets, is associated with poor quality of sleep. Aim and Objectives: The study was undertaken to correlate screen time exposure and the quality of sleep in undergraduate medical students and to find out the effects of increased screen time exposure on the health of students. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 200 undergraduate medical students at Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat with the help of an online pre-validated questionnaire constructed on Google Form after obtaining ethical approval. The questionnaire was comprised demographic profiles, screen time exposure, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) statements. Data were entered into an Microsoft Excel sheet. For the descriptive statistical part, means, standard deviations, and frequency tables were used. A Chi-square test was applied to detect the strength of the association. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of increased screen time among the study population was found 79%. The prevalence of PSQI scores >5 observed in the present study was 73%. There was a significant association observed between increased screen time exposure and PSQI score >5. Conclusion: Increased screen time was significantly associated with poor sleep quality. The most common effect of increased screen time exposure among students found was a headache.
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    Crystallizing galactocele: A rare case report and review of literature
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2025-03) Verma, N; Gaur, N; Awasthi, S; Bajaj, V; Sharma, S; Mahajan, S
    Crystallizing galactocele is an uncommon condition that produces a viscous, chalky substance on fine needle aspiration cytology. (FNAC). Both the diagnosis and the management of this illness include the use of FNAC. Here, we discuss the case of a 25-year-old nursing woman who experienced left breast edema lump for two years. The upper outer quadrant of the leftt breast was involved by the hard, small, non-tender, and movable enlargement. The lesion's FNAC produced a thick, milky, and chalky substance. Numerous semi-transparent crystals of various sizes and shapes with angulated edges could be seen in cytological smears against a background of granular and amorphous proteinaceous material. A diagnosis of crystallizing galactocele was made on the basis of the patient's clinical history of lactation and characteristic cytological findings. Due to the rarity of this condition—to the best of our knowledge, less than ten cases of crystallizing galactocele have been documented in medical literature.
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    Cutaneous Features, Autoantibody Profile, and Nailfold Capillaroscopy of Systemic Sclerosis: A Study of 60 Cases
    (Association of Physicians of India, 2022-11) Dave, J; Mahajan, S; Khadilkar, P; Pradhan, Vandana
    Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune chronic multisystem disorder with a plethora of cutaneous manifestations. These manifestations often may be the only presenting complaint. Early identification of these help in diagnosing grievous systemic manifestations and their prompt and appropriate treatment. Aims: To study the clinical profile of SSc, modified Rodnan’s skin scoring (mRSS), nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) patterns, antibody profile in the western India population, and their association with cutaneous manifestations. Methods: Patients of SSc fulfilling the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) 2013 classification of SSc criteria, who attended dermatology outpatient department (OPD) between January 2017 and September 2018 were included in the study. The demographic data, cutaneous features, autoantibody profile, mRSS, and NFC pattern were noted Results: A total of 60 patients (57 females and 3 males; mean age years) of SSc were evaluated. Clinical subtypes were 40 diffuse cutaneous SSc and 20 limited cutaneous SSc. The most common presenting symptoms were Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) (95%) and skin tightening (90%). The common cutaneous findings were sclerodactyly (86.7%), stellate scars (78.3%), parrot-beaked nose (76.7%), mask-like facies (75%), microstomia (56.7%), salt and pepper pigmentation (55%), puffy finger (46.7%), telangiectasia (46.7%), digital ulcer (38.3%), fixed flexion deformity (33.3%), and calcinosis cutis (8.33%). Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc) had mRSS score of 8.3 ± 4.1 and diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) subset had a score of 28 ± 10.4. Antinuclear antibody (ANA), Anti-topoisomerase antibody (ATA), and anti-centromere antibody (ACA) were positive in 59, 49, and 7 patients, respectively. The NFC patterns were early (23.3%), active (45%), and late (18.3%). Limitation: The sample size of the study was small. We were not able to determine the significance of other less common autoantibodies with scleroderma. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of identifying early cutaneous findings and the role of a useful diagnostic and prognostic reproducible scoring system (mRSS) and NFC.
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    Cutaneous manifestation of diabetes mellitus.
    (2003-03-24) Mahajan, S; Koranne, R V; Sharma, S K
    One hundred consecutive diabetes mellitus patients attending the diabetic clinic of the hospital constituted the study group. One hundred age and sex matched non-diabetics were taken as controls. The majority, 63%, belonged to the 41-60 years age group and 98% had non-insulin dependent diabetes. Among the study group, 64% had one or more cutaneous manifestations as compared to 22% in the controls. This was statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). Infections comprised the largest group affecting 35 of the 64 cases. Among the bacterial infections, pyodermas were observed in 11 and erythrasma in one. Fungal infections were seen in 21, dermatophytoses in 11, and candidiasis in 10. Herpes zoster was seen in 2 cases. Pruritus was observed in 10, neurological abnormalities in the form of paresthesias was seen in 6, mal perforans in one, and meralgia paresthetica in one. Diabetic dermopathy was seen in 6 and rubeosis in 4. Six dermatoses strongly associated with DM were seen, namely one each of waxy skin syndrome, granuloma annulare, eruptive xanthoma, scleredema adultorum, and 2 cases of diabetic bulla. Ten patients exhibited other dermotoses less associated with diabetics: xanthelasmo palpebrarum in 5 patients, acrochordi in 4, and pigmented purpuric dermatoses in one. Likewise syndromes of insulin resistance were seen in 4 patients of whom 3 had aconthosis nigricans and one had congenital lipodystrophy. Furthermore, 9 patients had dermatoses known to be associated with an increased incidence of diabetes; vitiligo in 4, acquired perforating dermatoses in 3, and lichen planus in 2. Four patients had dermatoses known to be associated with diabetes: psoriasis in 3 and diffuse alopecia in one. Three had adverse drug reactions to anti-diabetic therapy.
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    Effects of internet addiction on mental and ocular health of school students of district Amritsar
    (Medip Academy, 2025-01) Kaur, S; Mahajan, S; Padda, P; Kaur, J.
    Background: The popularity of mobile phones is increasing among students because of their multifunctionality as one click allows them to explore multiple applications providing new and varied functions. This excessive use becomes an addiction at later stages that has a negative impact on the mental health of the child. Further emission of blue lights from screens negatively impacts the eyes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst the students of 9th to 12th class students from 4 Schools of Amritsar where 92 students (23 students per class, 1:1 male to female ratio) from each school were selected using simple random sampling. Based on various symptoms related to ocular and mental health, 11 and 10 questions were framed respectively. The presence of symptoms was scored as one. The Mean was calculated; and anyone who scored above the mean was considered having a negative impact on the ocular and mental health. The association between internet addiction and its effects on ocular & mental health was calculated using the Odds Ratio. Results: The prevalence of internet addiction was found to be 49%. Mental health problems were present in 45% of the participants. Ocular problems were present in 40% of the participants. Internet addiction was found to be associated with poor mental and ocular health. Conclusions: 49% of students were addicted to the internet. Internet addiction was found to be associated with poor mental & ocular health.
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    Efficacy of mineral nutrients and nanomaterials on the productivity of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Rani) under polyhouse
    (Open Science Publishers LLP, 2023-09) Dwivedi, H; Singh, SK; Mahajan, S; Kishor, S; Maurya, D; Kumar, V.
    The application of minerals as nanomaterials has greater scope to bring improvement in the growth and yield of capsicum. The nanomaterials play a significant role in cellular metabolism and uptake of nutrients so have the potential to improve the productivity of capsicum. The experiment was conducted in a naturally ventilated polyhouse at a horticulture farm of the ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, during 2021–2022 with the view to find the efficacy of mineral nutrients, namely calcium (Ca), Sulfur (S), and molybdenum (Mo) in combination with nanomaterials, namely nano-Zinc (nano-Zn), nano-Iron (nano-Fe), and nano-magnesium (nano-Mg) on the productivity of capsicum (cv. Rani). The combined application of calcium and nano-Zn or nano-Mg as N1M1 (nano-Zn and CaCl2 at 1000 ppm each) and N3M1 (nano-Mg and CaCl2 at 1000 ppm each) is the effective approach for improvement in productivity of capsicum. The combined application of these nanomaterials in the presence of calcium is mainly attributed to effective nutrient uptake and utilization due to the positive Ca-Zn or Ca-Mg interaction.
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    An explorative cross-sectional study on breast-feeding practices among children aged 12-23 months residing in a district of northwestern Punjab: an urban-rural comparison
    (Medip Academy, 2024-12) Kaur, K; Kaur, J; Mahajan, S; Padda, P.
    Background: The IYCF guidelines clearly dictates the breastfeeding practices for first six months of life. But, the practical adoption of these recommendations continues to fall short of expectations. Factors like urbanization, infant formula marketing, and maternal employment have contributed to declining exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates. Therefore, we planned to conduct this study to assess breastfeeding practices during first 6 months of life and made an urban-rural comparison. Methods: An explorative cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 villages and 2 urban slums, involving 420 mother-child pairs (210 each from rural and urban). A mother and child duo where child was aged between 12-23 months were interviewed. The information pertaining to breastfeeding during first six months were collected on pre-designed, pretested and validated proforma. Data was compiled and analysed using Epi-info 0.7. Results: Out of 420 participants 54% were males and 46% were females. Breastmilk was given to 98% of the study participants with no significant urban-rural difference. However, only 5% of urban and 2% of rural infants started breastfeeding within the first hour after birth. Overall, 46% of infants began breastfeeding two days after birth, with a significantly higher proportion in rural areas (53%) compared to urban areas (39%).74% were exclusively breastfed. Prelacteal feeding was significantly more common in rural areas (87%) than in urban areas (76%). Conclusions: While exclusive breastfeeding rates were relatively good. Significant differences were observed in early breastfeeding initiation and prelacteal feeding in rural and urban area.
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    The first successful simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant in India.
    (2005-01-20) Guleria, S; Aggarwal, S; Bansal, V K; Varma, M C; Kashyap, L; Tandon, N; Mahajan, S; Bhowmik, D; Agarwal, S K; Mehra, N K; Misra, M C
    Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with renal failure, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and vasculopathy. We report the first successful simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant in India in a young diabetic with renal failure. The dual transplant has cured his diabetes and renal failure and has had a beneficial effect on his neuropathy, retinopathy and quality of life. Obstacles to dual transplant in India include a lack of suitable recipients and a cadaver donor programme that is still in its infancy.
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    FNAC of Head and Neck Lesions in a Tertiary Care Institute of Jammu- A 3 Year Retrospective Study
    (Dr. Annil Mahajan, 2023-04) Gupta, D; Mahajan, S; Gupta, A; Mahajan, D; Hans, D.
    Background and aims: Head & neck region swellings are commonly encountered and rarely go unnoticed. FNAC provides early diagnosis and initial segregation into inflammatory versus neoplastic pathology.Aims & objectives: To study the role of FNAC in head and neck lesions, To study the cytomorphological patterns of various head and neck lesions and to study the distribution according to age, sex and site of various head & neck lesions.Material & methods::It is a retrospective observational study done over a period of 3 years from 1st March 2019 to 1st March 2022 in the Cytology section of the Post Graduate Department of Pathology in all age groups irrespective of their sex. Results:A total of 2024 cases of Head & neck region FNA (including guided FNA) aspirates were included in the study. Maximum number of cases were in the age group of 21-30 years (30%). Female to male ratio was 1.2:1 Maximum number of aspirates were from lymph nodes (41%) followed by thyroid (33%). In our study 68% cases were benign and 32 % cases were malignant.Conclusion: Our study shows patterns of head & neck lesions on FNAC. Despite its limitations FNAC still could be used as the initial investigating tool for assessing head & neck region swellings, although histopathology remains the gold standard.
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    Histological Grading, Staging and Nottingham Prognostic Index Scoring of Breast Carcinoma: A Hospital Based Observational Study
    (Dr. Annil Mahajan, 2023-07) Mahajan, S; Gupta, I; Sharma, S; Suri, J.
    Background and aims: Breast cancer besides being a global cancer burden comprises a complex and heterogeneous group of diseases at clinical, morphological, and molecular levels. Among all the clinico- pathological-molecular prognostic factors available in decision making about suitable treatment options for breast cancer, Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) is the most simple, powerful integrated and reproducible index. This study was aimed to evaluate the NPI in a group of breast cancer patients and to correlate NPI with other clinical and histomorphological features.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study of mastectomy specimens with axillary lymph node sampling was done for a period of three years. The diagnosis was made using WHO classification. Grading and was done using Modified Bloom Richardson score and TNM system respectively. The prognosis was scored by applying Nottingham Prognostic index.Results: Out of the 63 patients, most belonged to the age group of 41 to 50 years. The most common histologic type was Invasive Carcinoma of No Special Type (49 cases; 77.78%). Majority of the patients (69.84%) belonged to Bloom Richardson (BR) Grade II. Lymph node biopsy was reviewed with 57.14% of the patients showing nodal metastasis. Significant correlation was noted between NPI score and tumor size, positive lymph nodes and BR grade. The mean NPI score was found to be 4.53 ± 1.04.Conclusions: NPI serves as an essential and powerful prognostic indicator, relying on relatively simple data of primary tumour size, lymph node stage and histological grade which act as a hard copy for clinicians to decide treatment modalities for the patient and in follow up as well.
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    Histopathological Spectrum of Lesions Observed in Prostate Specimens - An Institutional Experience
    (Dr. Annil Mahajan, 2023-10) Mahajan, S; Jandial, A; Bhardwaj, S.
    Background:Prostatic lesions account for the major afflictions in the geriatric population worldwide. Prostate specific antigen can be used for screening but histopathology remains the gold standard for differentiating benign and malignant prostatic enlargements and definite diagnosis. Furthermore, a precise pathologic evaluation of the prostatectomy specimen can provide additional prognostic factors including pathological stages and surgical margin status. Methods: A systematic search identified 306 prostatic specimens submitted in the department over a time period of three years (January 2019-December 2021). Relevant clinical data, PSA level and H&E stained sections were examined for microscopic details and diagnosis. Results: Benign Prostate Hypertrophy (BHP) was the most common prostatic lesion and accounted for 83% of all cases. The age range was 49 to 90 years with a peak age group between 6th-7th decade. BPH associated with prostatitis and basal cell hyperplasia was seen in 57.8% and 3.3% cases respectively. A single case of non-specific granulomatous prostatitis was seen. Malignant tumours constituted 15.7% of all prostatic specimen. Adenocarcinoma was the histopathological subtype in all primary tumours. A single case of metastatic deposits from bladder tumour was recorded. Gleason score 7 was the most frequent (38.2.8%) in occurrence. Most adenocarcinomas were moderately differentiated (55.3%). Prostate Intraepithelial neoplasia (pre malignant lesion) was seen in 1.3 % of cases.Conclusion: Benign Prostate lesions occur more frequently when compared to malignant ones. Major proportion of benign lesions was contributed by Benign prostate hypertrophy. A pathologist's awareness of the benign mimics is important for the diagnosis of Prostate carcinoma.