Browsing by Author "Kyaw, M P"

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    A simplified in vivo drug sensitivity test for malaria in the field.
    (1997-06-01) Lwin, M; Aung, S; Kyaw, M P; Aung, H; Sint, N; Win, Y; Oo, H; Thein, H; Tun, S M
    The study was intended to develop a simple and reliable in vivo field test for monitoring of sensitivity of P.falciparum to antimalarials. The test is to be used as a built in sustainable monitoring system and applied at regular frequencies to provide guidance in developing a country-wide antimalarial drug policy. The study was conducted as a hospital based study in Mon State in Mudon, Kamawet and Pa-auk hospitals. The criteria matched malaria patients were treated with standard dosages of chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and mefloquine and blood films were taken on days 0, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14 and 28. The assessment of the in vivo drug response of P.falciparum on days 2, 3 and 4 were compared with WHO standard 28 days and 7 day tests. The following successful tests were carried out for 7 days with different antimalarials: 171 tests with chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and 167 tests with mefloquine. Tests were also carried out for 28 days: 59 tests with chloroquine, 77 tests with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and 78 tests with mefloquine. The results found that 3 day tests, taking blood films on days 0 and 3, can be reliably used as an adjunct to 28-day tests. Since the test is simple and can be used extensively and sustainably throughout the country and the results are applicable to be used for epidemiological purposes, the method is suggested for use as a built-in monitoring method for the malaria control program.
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    The use of personal protective measures in control of malaria in a defined community.
    (1997-06-01) Lwin, M; Lin, H; Linn, N; Kyaw, M P; Ohn, M; Maung, N S; Soe, K; Oo, T
    Malaria is one of the main health problems in the non-immune immigrant workers and army personnel of the malaria endemic areas in Myanmar. Due to changes in the vector bionomics and multiresistant strains of P. falciparum, chemoprophylaxis alone is not an effective means of control of malaria in them. So it is envisaged that the combined used of personal protective measures (deltamethrin impregnated bed-nets, scalves and hand-bands) and the chemoprophylaxis will be an effective means of control of malaria in the define group of people. The study also intended to find out the side effects of the deltamethrin and feasibility and acceptability of methods by the users. The study was conducted in Theini Township, Northern Shan State, from March to November 1993. The study population consisted of all ages of both sexes 554 and 440 persons in the test and control groups respectively. At the initial phase of the study, malaria infected persons from both the groups were treated. The experimental group received personal protective measures with impregnation of bed-nets using 25 mg ai/m2 of deltamethrin at 4 monthly intervals and the scarves and hand-bands at twice the concentration of the insecticides at monthly intervals. Chemoprophylaxis was given to both the groups at weekly intervals using age adjusted dosage of Pyrixine tablet (sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine). The parasitological, entomological, and epidemiological indices were collected at two month intervals in both the groups. The study clearly showed the impact of personal protective measures and chemoprophylaxis on malaria infection in the studied subjects. During the study period, the out patient malaria cases of the test group was 6% to 11.2% and that of the control group was 12% to 21.6% in Theini Hospital. The reinfection rate of the test group (0.9 to 4.7%) was also significantly lower than the control group (6.1 to 14.3%) from July to November. Acceptance of the treated bed-nets, scarves and hand-bands was high and good compliance was found in the follow up. The results of the study clearly showed that malaria can be controlled effectively in the defined group of persons for a malaria transmission season by using chemoprophylaxis and personal protective measures.