Browsing by Author "Kumar, Sunil"
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Item Acute Emamectin Benzoate Poisoning- A Fatal Case Report.(Akshantala Enterprises Private Limited, 2020-01) Godhiwala, Parth; Nirmal, Apoorva; Bakre, Anand; Wanjari, A. K.; Kumar, SunilEmamectin benzoate is a broad-spectrum insecticide for vegetables having wide margin of safety as reported in animal studies, due to its low gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor affinities and very poor penetration to the blood-brain barrier. Not a single case has been reported about fatal human exposure in India. This case highlights about 40-year-old man who succumbed in intensive care unit even after all supportive treatment as well as with Flumazenil and Lipid emulsion. Emamectin benzoate is a semisynthetic avermectin, a class of natural fermentation products of Streptomyces avermitilis (soil microorganism).Item Acute Kidney Injury Masquerading as Acute Pancreatitis - Role of Serum Amylase and Lipase in Patients with Blunt Abdominal Trauma(Akshantala Enterprises Private Limited, 2020-09) Sonawane, Sharad; Godhiwala, Parth; Naik, Srinivas; Ansari, Iftekhar; Kumar, SunilBlunt trauma to abdomen is one of the common causes for morbidity and mortality. In blunt abdominal trauma, there may be trauma to the pancreas, tear of bowel and hollow viscous, which can result in elevated levels of serum amylase and lipase. Serum amylase and mainly serum lipase are diagnostic markers for pancreatitis according to some literature. We report a young male, who presented with complaints of acute abdominal pain, constipation and vomiting after blunt abdominal trauma with elevated serum amylase and lipase levels with normal pancreas. Initial assessment of intra-abdominal pathology due to blunt abdominal trauma is often challenging as many injuries may not manifest during the treatment period. The manifestations may vary from being simply asymptomatic to life threatening injuries due to unavailability of accurate information about the nature of trauma. Hence, accurate diagnosis becomes very important in the management. Injury to the pancreas is not common and can result from direct penetration or through the transmission of blunt force to the retroperitoneum. Some studies report an incidence of 0.2 % cases for blunt trauma up to 1.1 % cases for penetrating trauma.1 The role of ultrasonography (USG) and Computed Tomography (CT) in management of Blunt abdominal trauma is well established. But the role of laboratory tests in the evaluation of these patients is controversial.2 In cases of Blunt trauma to abdomen, lot of causes found to cause serum amylase and serum lipase levels tend to raise. Some of these causes can be pancreatic, rupture of hollow viscus or bowel, facial and brain injury.3 It has also been found that reduced clearance of lipase can be caused by renal impairment. Thus non‐pathological raise in level of pancreatic enzymes, and other miscellaneous causes such as diabetes mellitus, drugs and infections shall be included as alternative pancreatic diagnoses.3Item Antidepressant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Foeniculum Vulgare (Fennel) Fruits in Experimental Animal Models.(2013-09) Jamwal, Neetu Singh; Kumar, Sunil; Rana, A.CThe present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of methanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare fruits (family: umbelifereae), popularly known as fennel, on depression using force swim test in rats, potentiation of norepinephrine toxicity in mice and haloperidol induce catalepsy in mice. The extract of F.vulgare (250 and 500 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats used in FST and 500mg/kg was administered in HIC and same dose administered in NE toxicity in mice. The dose of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg of extract significantly (p<0.001) reduced the immobility times in rats but dose of 500 mg/kg showed more potent effect than imipramine (30mg/kg). So this dose was used in HIC and NE toxicity in mice. But in NE toxicity model it was observed that MEFV is not good adrenergic component. A significant (P<0.001) reduction in the duration of catalepsy was observed in the MEFV treated group and Fluoxetine group as compared to the haloperidol treated group. In HIC, mice were sacrificed on the seventh day and TBARS, glutathione, nitrite activities were estimated. Monoamine oxidase inhibiting effect and anti-oxidant effect of Foeniculum vulgare may be contributing favorably to the antidepressant-like activity. Thus, it is concluded that Foeniculum vulgare extract may possess an antidepressant-like effect.Item Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Burkholderia cepacia complex & Stenotrophomonas maltophilia over six years (2007-2012).(2015-10) Gautam, Vikas; Kumar, Sunil; Kaur, Parvinder; Deepak, T; Singhal, Lipika; Tewari, Rupinder; Ray, PallabItem Application of Total Quality Management to Ensure Food Quality in Food Industry(Association of Mastitis, 2020-06) Fayaz, Humaira; Kumar, Arvind; Kousar, Firdous; Sharma, Surbhi; Kumar, SunilTotal Quality Management (TQM) is a managerial and managemental approach of an organization focused on quality, based on participation of all of its members and while aiming at long term benefits to the organization and consumers health. It is focused on continuous improvement of all processes approached with combined fundamental management techniques and specialized tools under quality systems. TQM is a process of managing the whole organization so that it progress in all the dimensions of products and services that are important to the consumers. It roots from the belief that mistake can be avoided or mininimised and defects can be prevented, with sole objective being the continuous process improvement. The introduction of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) has signaled a shift in emphasis from resource intensive end product inspection and testing to preventive control of hazards at all the stages of food supply chain. It also identifies and controls hazards that are fundamentals for food safety. The integrated approach to implementation of ISO standards and HACCP concept is vital for management of quality and safety of dairy products hence safeguarding the customer’s requirements, ensuring that certified products conform to minimum standards set internationally. These standards ensure and enhance transparency in the development of food quality and safety procedures, thus helping to upgrade and update food safety systems. ISO laid down guidelines, codes, specifications and requirements to evolve effective TQM system.Item Assessment of quality of handwritten discharge tickets of breast cancer patients: the gaps are wide and need remedy.(2004-06-01) Kumar, SunilBACKGROUND: Discharge tickets (DTs) convey important details related to hospitalization period and follow-up instructions. Therefore, quality of DTs may have significant bearing on subsequent patient care. AIMS, SETTING AND DESIGN: Aim of this retrospective study was to assess quality of handwritten DTs of breast cancer patients admitted at this institution. METHODS AND MATERIAL: DTs of 736 breast cancer patients were evaluated on six predetermined quality parameters by verifying entries from their respective case sheets drawn from the medical record department of this institution. These parameters included sections of discharge tickets dealing with central registration (CR) number, tumor stage, in-hospital treatment details, instructions for subsequent treatment and instructions regarding surgical wound care were evaluated for accuracy and clarity. General legibility was also assessed. The audit was done by the author. RESULTS: Almost all DTs were found to be legible and accurate for CR number. In-hospital treatment details were entered accurately in 98%. Tumor stage was correctly indicated in 57.5%. Follow-up and wound-care instructions were written clearly in 76.5% and 53.9% DTs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Handwritten DTs of breast cancer patients at this institution were satisfactory for three, but deficient for three other important quality parameters. These findings suggest that there is an acute need to review practice of preparing handwritten DTs in order to provide good quality of subsequent care.Item Association between gastric mucosal glutathione-S-transferase activity, glutathione-S-transferase gene polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric cancer.(2011-11) Tripathi, Shweta; Ghoshal, Ujjala; Mittal, Balraj; Chourasia, Dipti; Kumar, Sunil; Ghoshal, Uday CAim Helicobacter pylori infection, though common, leads to gastric cancer (GC) in less than 1% individuals, suggesting the role of host factors. We previously reported the role of glutathione–S–transferase (GST) polymorphisms, the gene encoding a carcinogen–detoxifying enzyme, in GC. This study was aimed to evaluate GST enzyme activity, GST polymorphism, glutathione (GSH) levels and H. pylori in patients with GC. Methods GST and GSH levels were estimated in gastric biopsies of 52 patients with GC, 37 functional dyspepsia (FD) and 39 peptic ulcer (PU), and correlated with H. pylori (ELISA) infection and GST polymorphisms. GST polymorphisms were separately analyzed in relationship to H. pylori in 82 GC, 72 FD, 53 PU and 89 healthy controls (HC). Results GST activity was lower in patients with GC in comparison to PU (p=0.03), but GSH levels were comparable. GSTT1 null genotype (GSTT1*0) and simultaneous deletion of both GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was associated with lower enzyme activity (p=0.02 and 0.01, respectively). GST and GSH levels in H. pylori positive and negative patients with GC, FD and PU were comparable. Presence of H. pylori infection along with GSTT1*0 (p= 0.006) and GSTM1*0 (p=0.05) was associated with lower enzyme activity. GSTT1*0 was associated with higher odds ratio (OR) of GC in presence of H. pylori (GC vs. HC: p=0.02, OR 2.6 [95% CI=1–6] vs. p=0.7, 1.3 [0.4– 5.0]; GC vs. PU: p=0.04, OR 3 [95% CI=1–9] vs. not applicable (OR could not be computed as frequency of GSTT1*0 in H. pylori negative patients with PU was zero)]. Conclusions GC is associated with reduced GST activity. Odds ratio of GC associated with GSTT1*0 is enhanced in presence of H. pylori probably due to combined effect of both on enzyme activity.Item Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns in Neonatal Septicaemia in Tertiary Care Hospital(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2019-01) Kumar, Chandan; Kumar, Sunil; Mahto, H.L.Introduction: Neonatal septicaemia has great role in morbidityand mortality among neonates. Neonatal mortality rate hasbeen reported in India as 17 per 1000 live births as per 2016-17 data. Neonatal septicaemia may be of early onset or lateonset depending of the age of the neonates. The mostcommon bacterial agents involved are Group B Streptococcus,Klebsiella pneumoniae, CoNS, Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae etc. Diagnosis is done by manymethods but the most important and absolute mode ofdiagnosis is blood culture.Aims and Objectives: The present study is done for thedetection of bacteriological profile and their antibioticsusceptibility pattern in case of neonatal septicaemia. Earlydiagnosis and specific treatment can save the lives of manyneonates who are suffering from neonatal septicaemia.Materials and Methods: The material used for the diagnosis isvenous blood of the suspected neonates. Blood culture methodis used for the diagnosis of Neonatal septicaemia. Repeatedsubculture is done on Blood agar, Nutrient agar, andMacConkey agar plates. Confirmation of organism is donethrough different biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibilitytesting was performed on Muller Hinton agar (MHA) by KirbyBauer disc diffusion method for bacterial isolates, as perclinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guideline.Results: Total 206 cases of suspected neonatal septicaemiawere investigated in which 142 cases are found positive. Mostcommon organism isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae(39.44%) than Staphylococcus aureus (33.8%), otherorganisms are Escherichia coli (9.86%), CoNS (8.48%),Pseudomonas (5.63%), Enterococcus (2.82%) etc. overallincidence of Gram negative organism (54.93%) was more thanGram positive organism (45.07%). As far as antibioticsensitivity pattern was concerned most of the organism were100% sensitive to imipenem, meropenem and colistin B andresistant to Ampicillin.Conclusion: Gram negative isolates were more common thanGram positive as the causative agents of neonatal sepsis. Themost common causative organism was Klebsiella pneumoniae.The other organisms isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus, CoNS, etc. Most of the Gram negativeisolates were sensitive to Amikacin, Gentamycin, Ofloxacin andCiprofloxacin but were highly susceptible to Meropenem,Imipenem and Collistin-B. The Gram positive isolates werebetter sensitive to Amikacin, Cephalosporin, Ciprofloxacin andClindamycin but were less sensitive or resistant to Ampicillinand Erythromycin. They showed high susceptibility toTicoplanim, Linezolid, Vancomycin and Methicillin.Item Carotid artery stenting with filter protection.(2003-05-17) Rath, P C; Lakshmi, G; Agarwala, Manoj; Kumar, Sunil; Rao, P S; Sitaram,; Henry, MichelBACKGROUND: Neurologic events associated with distal embolization of debris during percutaneous carotid artery stenting complicate the procedure. Filter devices for cerebral protection potentially reduce the risk of embolization and other neurologic events. We studied the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of carotid artery stenting with a filter device. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between January 2002 and January 2003, a total of 22 consecutive patients (30 lesions) who had >70% diameter stenosis of the internal carotid artery underwent carotid artery stenting with filter protection at our institute. The mean age of the patients was 64+/-9 years; 14 were men and 8 women, and 15 had neurologic symptoms. A stent was successfully implanted in 29 lesions. It was possible to position a filter device in all the 29 lesions. Neurologic complications during the procedure, in the hospital, and at 30-day clinical follow-up occurred in 2 patients. One patient suffered a minor stroke that resolved within 24 hours. None of the patients had a major embolic stroke. There was one death from intracerebral hemorrhage related to hyperperfusion and the use of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Filter protection during carotid artery stenting seems technically feasible, safe, and effective. In the present study, the incidence of embolic neurologic events was low.Item Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test negative in highly suspected case of tuberculosis: a case report(Medip Academy, 2020-03) Moradiya, Kalpesh; Muley, Arti; Kumar, Sunil; Patel, Kinjal; Mahida, HarshalDiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is challenging till today. Smear microscopy is the easiest, commonest and widely employed tool for confirmatory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, but it has low sensitivity and specificity. Sputum culture can increase the diagnostic yield by 20-40%, but it takes long duration of 2-8 weeks to give result. The role of newly introduced cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) in the revised national TB control program (RNTCP) is highly promising with a higher yield of bacteriological diagnosis in sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients with detection of rifampicin resistance rapidly. However, it also has some limitations which may result in false negative results. Case of a 50- year-old-male was reported who was initially managed for community-acquired pneumonia in view of negative sputum and CBNAAT but was later confirmed to have TB but by then he had developed cavities in lung and had transmitted the infection to his son.Item Characterization of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Aspergillus niger.(NISCAIR-CSIR, India, 2015-02) Kumar, Santosh; Kumar, Sunil; Punekar, Narayan SThe catabolism of fungal 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) occurs via succinic semialdehyde (SSA). Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) from the acidogenic fungus Aspergillus niger was purified from GABA grown mycelia to the highest specific activity of 277 nmol min-1 mg-1, using phenyl Sepharose and DEAE Sephacel chromatography. The purified enzyme was specific for its substrates SSA and NAD+. The substrate inhibition observed with SSA was uncompetitive with respect to NAD+. While product inhibition by succinate was not observed, NADH inhibited the enzyme competitively with respect to NAD+ and noncompetitively with respect to SSA. Dead-end inhibition by AMP and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (pHB) was analyzed. The pHB inhibition was competitive with SSA and uncompetitive with NAD+; AMP competed with NAD+. Consistent with the kinetic data, a sequential, ordered Bi Bi mechanism is proposed for this enzyme.Item Chest Sonography in the Diagnosis of Pneumothorax.(2015-01) Balesa, Jitendra; Rathi, Vinita; Kumar, Sunil; Tandon, AnupamaBackground. Few studies have assessed the utility of chest ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pneumothorax in India. Methods. Chest ultrasonography was undertaken in 126 haemodynamically stable patients, followed by a chest radiograph within 30 minutes. If pneumothorax was not seen on the chest radiograph, a non-contrast computed tomography of the thorax was performed within 3 hours. The time taken to make or exclude a diagnosis of pneumothorax, by ultrasonography, was assessed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of chest ultrasonography was estimated. Results. For the diagnosis of pneumothorax in any clinical situation, the average time taken on ultrasonography was less than 2 minutes. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of chest ultrasonography was 89%, 88.5%, 88.9%, 96.7% and 67.6%, respectively. Conclusions. Chest ultrasonography can be used as a primary imaging modality in the diagnosis of pneumothorax in a vast variety of clinical situations.Item Correlation of ECG Changes with Coronary Angiographic Findings in Patients of Coronary Artery Disease.(Akshantala Enterprises Private Limited, 2020-08) Somani, Ayush P.; Khadse, Satish R.; Kumar, Sunil; Acharya, Sourya; Gattani, Shreya C.; Baheti, Amit H.Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. Assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) is the starting point of determination of prognosis of patients presenting with clinical symptoms. ECG reflects the physiology of the myocardium during ischemia, while Coronary Angiography identifies vessel anatomy. In the present study, we aimed to correlate ECG changes with coronary angiographic findings along with prediction of number of vessels involved in patients of coronary artery disease. This study also intended to determine sensitivity and specificity of ECG for diagnosis of coronary artery disease using CAG as gold standard. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of 2 years at Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital, a tertiary rural health institute. 200 patients above 18 years of age who presented with or without symptoms and were willing for ECG and Angiography were included in study. Patients with valvular and congenital heart disease were excluded. Patients were divided into groups according to ECG changes and correlated with coronary angiography findings. ResultsIn the present study, the sensitivity and specificity of ECG to diagnose myocardial infarction or ischemia (AWMI / AWI, IWMI / IWI, and LWMI / LWI) ranged from 87.50% to 96.63% and 91.30% to 95.45%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of ECG to detect myocardial infarction or ischemia (AWMI / AWI, IWMI / IWI, and LWMI / LWI) ranged from 89.36% to 96.40%. ConclusionsECG is used as reliable tool for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease due to its high sensitivity and specificity, though CAG is the Gold Standard method for the diagnosis of CAD.Item A Cross Sectional Study of Drug Utilization Pattern in Indoor Patients of Tertiary Care Teaching Hospitals in Central India(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2019-09) Najmi, Ahmad; Balakrishnan, S; Jhaj, Ratinder; Atal, Shubham; Singh, Pooja; Kumar, SunilOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pattern of drug utilization with special focus on the use of antimicrobials. METHODS: Single day hospital-wide point prevalence survey was conducted to assess drug utilization pattern. Information regarding age, gender, occupation, income group, diagnosis, patient’s present/past medical history, treatment, any adverse drug reactions, and investigations were recorded in a proforma. Drug utilization pattern was evaluated using quality indicators of drug use recommended by WHO. RESULTS: A total of 77 patients were included, 62% male and 38% female. Maximum number of patients was admitted for infectious diseases (34%). Pantoprazole was most commonly prescribed drug & ceftriaxone was most commonly prescribed antibiotic. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 4.87. Oral route was the most preferred route. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 42.44%. Percentage of drugs prescribed from essential medical list was 49.33%. Multivitamins & non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) were most commonly prescribed fixed dose combination in our study. CONCLUSION: Majority of drugs were prescribed by oral route. Essential medical list and updated guidelines were available in the hospital. Poly-pharmacy, over use of proton-pump inhibitors & multivitamins was areas of concern. Prolonged and irrational use of antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis was noted in surgical indoor patients. There was underutilization of microbiological facilities.Item Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome associated with non cirrhotic portal fibrosis.(2003-07-10) Pokhrana, Rupesh Kumar; Kumar, Sunil; Saini, Kuldeep; Kochar, D KItem Dental Management Of A Patient With Down Syndrome: A Case Report And Review Of Literature(Atharva Scientific Publications, 2019-01) Khandelwal, Deepak; Kalra, Namita; Tyagi, Rishi; Khatri, Amit; Kumar, Sunil; MM, AfsalDown syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality which affects numerous organs, including the orofacial region. Patients with DS may not be cooperative during dental treatment, and in cases of complex treatment, it is necessary to use oral or inhaled sedation and/or general anesthesia, which represents safe and efficient treatment resources. This article reports a management of DS in a 7-year-old male patient who came to the Hospital of New Delhi with the chief complaint of pain in lower right back tooth region. Due to the uncooperative nature of the patient, dental treatment was done under general anesthesia in which multiple dental restoration and extraction were done.Item Effect of Amaranthus spinosus (Meghnads) & Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on Chronic Arsenicosis in Cattle.(2012-05) Hazarika, Jantu Moni; Talukdar, Banajit; Choudhury, Pankaj; Chakraborty, Shampa; Kumar, Sunil; Sarkar, SamarAbout 100 milch animals hair sample were collected from 5 villages namely Dakhin Panchpota, Noonaghata, Mitrapur, Goetra, Ranaghat of Nadia district, West Bengal, India and these samples were processed to estimate the concentration of arsenic. Out of them 30 cattle having arsenic concentration in the range of 2.5 to 4.5 mg/kg in hair was chosen for this experiment. These milch were divided into three groups’ i.e. Group I (G1) animals received turmeric powder, whereas Group II (G2) received Turmeric (Curcuma longa) + Amaranthus spinosus (Meghnads) and Group III (G3) served as untreated control. Arsenic content of milk, feces, hair & urine was estimated before and after administration of turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) at the dose of 30 grams to each animal of Group I (G1)/ day for 3 months (90 Days) and turmeric powder 15g (Curcuma longa) + Amaranthus spinosus (Meghnads) 15g / day to each animals Group II (G3). Turmeric & Amaranthus spinosus significantly decreased arsenic load in milk, urine, hair & feces after 3 month. In Milk, arsenic concentration was decreased significantly which may be beneficial for animals and human consumption.Item Effect of Hypertension on Vascular Age(Educational Society for Excellence, 2019) Kumar, Sunil; Shah, Amit; Pandya, Hetal; Rathod, Abhishek.Background: Cardiovascular disease which is an outcome measure have several conventional risk factors which include older age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, alcohol intake, smoking, decreased physical activity, abdominal obesity, high risk diet and psychosocial stress. Stiffening of large arteries known as arterial stiffness (arteriosclerosis) has been shown to be an important risk marker for future cardiovascular events and mortality beyond well-known cardiovascular risk factors. Aim of study: To determine the effect of Hypertension on arterial stiffness and so the cardiovascular disease. Therefore in this study, we attempted to find the effect of hypertension on vascular stiffness. Material and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Medicine, Dhiraj Hospital affiliated with SBKS MI & RC Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University to measure and analyse the vascular age in hypertensive patients. Total of 90 hypertensive patients were enrolled for the study after taking informed written consent. Vascular age is calculated in all patients using MOBILO-OGRAPH, after taking into consideration the various vascular parameters. Results: Vascular aging become faster in older patients (>60 years) than in younger patients (p=0.011). Also Male hypertensives had worse vessels compared to their female counterpart (p=0.001). Also the presence of dyslipidaemia had highly significant effect on vascular age of hypertensive patients (p<0.001). We had also seen that greater the duration of hypertension, more the effect on arterial stiffness. Conclusion: Though prediction of exact cardiovascular risk is not possible by measuring vascular age of the hypertensive patients but such information is very useful for mass sensitization and education.Item Effect of oral glutamine administration on oxidative stress, morbidity and mortality in critically ill surgical patients.(2007-03-15) Kumar, Sunil; Kumar, Ritesh; Sharma, Suman Bala; Jain, Bhupendra KumarOBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of enteral administration of glutamine in patients with peritonitis or abdominal trauma. METHODS: In a prospective, interventional, observer-blind, randomized clinical trial, 120 patients, aged 18-60 years, were randomized to receive either enteral glutamine 45 g/day for 5 days in addition to standard care (n=63; group A) or standard care alone (n=57; group B). Surgical intervention was done as needed. RESULTS: The two groups were comparable for sex and severity of illness scores. Following treatment, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in group A increased from 4.4 (8.0) to 7.2 (4.8) mmol/mL, whereas those in group B decreased from 3.9 (4.9) to 3.1 (5.0) mmol/mL; these changes were not statistically significant. Reduced glutathione levels increased from 0.03 (0.04) to 0.06 (0.12) mg/g Hb (p=0.032) after treatment in group A and from 0.03 (0.03) to 0.05 (0.04) mg/g Hb (p=0.001) in group B. Infectious complications were equally frequent in the two groups (group A: 44; group B: 37; p=0.571). Survival rate and duration of hospital stay were also comparable in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Enteral glutamine supplementation offers no advantage in patients with peritonitis or abdominal trauma.Item Effect of waterlogging on physiological traits and yield in black gram (Vigna mungo L.) in field condition(CSIR-NIScPR, 2022-05) Bansal, Ruchi; Dikshit, HK; Singh, AK; Kumar, Sunil; Kumar, AshokWaterlogging is an important abiotic factor affecting crop productivity worldwide. Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) is very sensitive to waterlogged conditions. A field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design to evaluate three black gram genotypes for waterlogging tolerance. Stress was imposed by maintaining the water level above the soil surface for 10 days after 30 days of sowing. Different physiological parameters including chlorophyll (Chl), chlorophyll fluorescence, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), sugars, along with the yield per plant and thousand grain weight (TW) were recorded in control and stressed plants. Results showed that NDVI, Chl, chlorophyll fluorescence, sugars, seed yield and TW reduced significantly during stress. Stress susceptibility index (SSI) for grain yield varied from 0.32 to 2.38. Linear correlation study showed that SSI was negatively correlated with NDVI (0.43),Chl (0.68) and TW (0.42) and grain yield (0.96). NDVI and sugars were correlated to TW under stress. IC530491 and IC559933 (SSI < 0.5) were waterlogging tolerant under field conditions. The study concluded that identified black gram lines may be utilized as trait donors in breeding program.