Browsing by Author "Kumar, N."
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Item Adequate incision and proper drainage gives better outcome in cellulitis patients(Medip Academy, 2024-07) Bagree, R; Gupta, A; Kumar, R; Srinivas, V; Kumar, N; Kumar, N.Background: We assessed the outcome of adequate incision and proper drainage of toxic fluid in the management of cellulitis patients in addition to the standard conservative approach of limb elevation, immobilisation and use of antibiotics. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 150 patients of both sexes of age group 15-75 years admitted with cellulitis undergoing incision and drainage as an emergency procedure. Aetiologies, comorbidities and changes in levels of total leucocyte count, urea and creatinine were checked preoperatively and after surgical drainage. Management of the incision site and ulcer was done on follow up after the initial toxaemia resolved. Results: One hundred fifty patients including 98 males and 52 females of age group 15-75 years were included in this study. The most common site of cellulitis was found to be lower limb in 69 followed by upper limb in 40 cases. The aetiology was mostly traumatic in 68 patients followed by diabetes in 40 cases. Incision and drainage were performed in 108 cases and 42 cases needed debridement. Reduction in the total counts and improvement in the renal functions were seen in the patients. Upon follow up the patients presented with a healed ulcer with granulation tissue at base 68 of which were managed using SSG and 35 needed secondary suturing. There was no mortality seen in the study although 10 patients had to undergo further debridement and 2 patients needed a lower limb amputation. Conclusions: Cellulitis is one of the most commonly encountered pathologies in the outpatient department and is often managed conservatively. Extensive spread and complications can lead the patient to land in sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction. Thus, adequate incision and proper drainage of toxic fluids can prevent such complications and give better outcome for the patient.Item Antenatal care quality assessment methods in India: a systematic review(Medip Academy, 2024-05) Kataria, P.; Kumar, N.; Singh, M.Antenatal care (ANC) is one of the most important pillars in improving maternal health. There is a considerable gap between the coverage of ANC and quality of ANC in India. Although monitoring the number of visits or contacts remains important, the WHO ANC guidelines’ focus is on the quality and content of the care received. We did a review of literature regarding the quality of ANC assessment in India from 2017 to 2023. The literature review was done by two researchers independently on electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, PubMed central, Embase and ScienceDirect, to search the methods that are used to assess the quality of ANC in India. We included the studies that have done assessment of the quality of ANC with specific ‘content’ and ‘criteria’ to define quality ANC (QANC). There are two dimensions for assessing ANC quality. ANC Visits (their number and time of registration) and the services received during ANC visits. We found three types of approaches to ANC quality assessment: 1) making categories depending on content of ANC visits and/or number of ANC visits; 2) scoring system where score is assigned to each service and a particular cut off is set to be called QANC and 3) combination of both (using scores to form categories). The literature on quality assessment of ANC is scarce. There is a need for a standard quality of care method and terminology to assess the quality of ANC that can be applied throughout the country.Item Anticancer and Molecular Docking Studies of 1-(5-substituted phenyl) isoxazol-3-yl)-5-phenyl-1H-tetrazoles(Science Domain International, 2019-07) Kaushik, N.; Kumar, N.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, S.; Chaudhary, B. K.Cancer a leading cause of human mortality worldwide is characterised by the unseemly growth of cellular mass and signalled through the enlargement of stress. Management of cancer treatment is still buried andhas been recently alerting the need to discover a drug molecule with lesser side effects. The objective of the present study is to explore the anticancer activity and docking studies of 1-(5-substituted phenyl) isoxazol-3-yl)-5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole derivatives. The compounds were evaluated for in-vitroanticancer activity under the drug discovery program of National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA. Only seven compounds were selected and screened for anticancer activity at a single high dose (10-5M) using NCI 60 cancer cell lines. Among all the selected compounds, 4band 4iexhibited significant anticancer activity against Leukemia cell lines. Molecular docking studies for the 5-phenyl-1-(5-substituted phenylisoxazol-3-yl)-1H-tetrazole analogues was done by Schrodinger software. Docking results stated that the compounds 4band 4ihas good dock score among the other derivatives which shows good binding efficiency towards receptorItem The association between different types of cooking fuels and common health problems: north India region(Medip Academy, 2023-02) Mawari, G.; Kumar, N.; Pathak, U.; Shree, S.; Sarkar, S.; Daga, M. K.; Singh, M. M.; Joshi, T. K.; Gulati, A.; Chowdhury, A.; Singh, I.; Kumar, A.Background: The fuel used for cooking is a major source of indoor air pollution because of inefficient combustion and inadequate ventilation. This study was conducted to see if there is any association between the type of cooking fuel and common health problems in light of inadequate ventilation. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study; 688 subjects were selected randomly from various sectors and the outlying areas of Surajkund. The impact of indoor air pollution on health was assessed by questionnaires, general physical examination, and pulmonary function testing. Results: One of the key findings of the study has been the implication of LPG, touted as a safe, non-polluting fuel with a definite negative impact on health. There was significantly more breathlessness experienced by LPG users as opposed to the users of wood and cow dung. Though the prevalence of fever in both groups was similar, chest pain, burning of eyes, and fatigue were reported by wood and cow dung users much more frequently. The pulmonary function test showed restrictive pathology in cow dung and wood users, whereas obstructive pathology in LPG users. Conclusions: LPG is considered “clean” fuel because it does not produce visible emissions. However, improper burner design, blocking and clogging of the flue vent, and insufficient combustion air result in improper combustion and the emission of aldehydes, CO, hydrocarbons, and other organics. It would be folly to believe that LPG is harmless. Even a harmless material may become harmful if used inappropriately.Item Biogenic Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Using Celosia Cristata L. Leaves Extract And Their Antimicrobial Activity Against Otorhinolaryngological Isolated Pathogen(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2019-11) Singh, R.; Kumar, N.This work focused on the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by silver nitrate using Celosia cristata leaves extract in four different solvents namely petroleum ether, acetone, methanol, and water. Silver nitrate and leaves extract were used as a precursor and capping reducing agent respectively. Biogenic AgNPs were characterized and identified by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). Disc diffusion method was used for antibacterial activity of AgNPs and effective antibacterial activity was shown against IS-3, IS-4, IS-6, and IS-7 as compared to a positive control (ciprofloxacin).Item Clinical characteristics and associated factors of cerebral palsy in pediatric population: a tertiary care centre clinicoepidemiological study(Medip Academy, 2024-03) Kumar, N.; Agrawal, R.; Tanwar, G. S.; Agrawal, S.Background: Although, a highly prevalent disease, the etiology of cerebral palsy is still poorly understood thereby eluding a definitive prevention strategy. Our study aimed to evaluate the etiological, clinical and prognostic factors associated with cerebral palsy in children of western Rajasthan. Methods: All cases of non-progressive neurological disorder in the age group of 6 months to 14 years were enrolled in the present study. Detailed assessment, CNS examination and related neuroimaging were performed. Statistical analysis was done by standard statistical methods. Results: Maximum number of patients in current study were in the age group of 1-3 years. In our study according to sex, 40 (66.67%) were males and 20 (33.33) were females. Most of the patient in the present study were spastic quadriplegic type (40%) followed by spastic diplegia in 20% cases. As per gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) grading, maximum number of cases were 16 (26.67%) from grade 4. The most common sequelae in cerebral palsy were speech delay in 49 (81.66%) patients. Cortical atrophy was the most commonly (71.73%) seen abnormality on neuroimaging with CT-scan. Conclusions: Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive CNS disorder which has a major physical as well as psychological effects on the children as well as their families. The present study highlights the importance of understanding epidemiological and etiological aspects of the disease in Indian scenario.Item Correlation Studies of Growth and Yield Attributes with Grain Yield of Scented Rice as Influenced by Nano Urea in Combination with Inorganic Fertilizer and Organic Manure(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-03) Gajbhiye, M; Agrawal, K; Jha, A; Kumar, N.Appropriate nitrogen management increases the yield of rice. Both excess and low nitrogen content leads to lower the production of rice. A large amount of nitrogen causes soil fertility loss and thus, the yield. Nano urea is a nano technology that provides nitrogen required for crop at critical stages. Keeping these in mind a research experiment was carried out to assess the correlation studies of growth and yield attributes with grain yield of scented rice as influenced by Nano urea in combination with inorganic fertilizer and organic manure at Instructional Farm Unit, Krishi Nagar, JNKVV, Jabalpur during the rainy season of 2022 and 2023. Ten treatment combinations were laid out in randomized block design with four replications. The results revealed that all the growth parameters were observed a strong and positive correlation with grain yield of rice. The regression analysis showed a strong positive linear relationship with the growth parameters viz., plant height (95% and 97%, respectively) and no. of tillers hill-1 (94% and 91%, respectively), yield attributes viz., panicle length (94% and 95%, respectively) and total no. of grains panicle-1 (97% and 95%, respectively) and grain yield of rice. This concludes that all the growth and yield attributes positively contributed towards gaining higher yield.Item Determination of the bioavailability and biodistribution of a single dose of oral cholecalciferol/Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule by pharmacoscintigraphy- CalSci study(Medip Academy, 2023-08) Sahay, R.; Saresa, H.; Changani, M.; Kotadia, R.; Soni, A.; Patel, P.; Khanna, K.; Kumar, N.; Gupta, A.Background: It is required to study the bioavailability and biodistribution of specific cholecalciferol formulation before prescribing. Pharmacoscintigraphy is an established radiological-imaging technique that is used to map various drug formulations as they traverses the human body (biodistribution) in real-time. We evaluated the bioavailability and biodistribution pattern, transit time, and gastrointestinal clearance of a single dose of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule 60,000 IU [an oral cholecalciferol (vitamin D) formulation] using pharmacoscintigraphy. Methods: Six male healthy adult volunteers were administered a single oral dose of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule labelled with technetium-99m. Post-dosing, serial venous blood samples were collected till day 27 for the estimation of the plasma levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels. Different pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Sequential static gamma imaging was performed to evaluate the biodistribution of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule. Descriptive statistics was used. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the concentration-time curves. Statistical analysis was carried out using Student’s t-test. Suitable multivariate analysis was performed based on the distribution of data. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS® Software (v 9.4). Results: The overall absorption of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule was 93.23%, which was fully from the small intestine. It led to achieving a sufficient level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (>60 ng/ml) within 6 hours of oral intake. The levels of plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol increased (maximum around 6 and 18 days, respectively). The small intestinal residence time was around 16 hours. No adverse event was noted. Conclusions: This was the first pharmacoscintigraphy study in the world which demonstrated the favourable bio-distribution of the Calcirol softgels supporting its role in vitamin D supplementation.Item Dexras1: A human G protein subcloning, expression, and purification optimization and prediction of its structural determinants(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2023-05) Verma, R; Thapliyal, A; Kumar, N.A small monomeric G protein of the Ras superfamily, Dexras1, involved in cellular signal transduction processes of various pathophysiological processes and interacts with several proteins. Most of these molecular interactions of Dexras1 are attributed to the C-Terminus, but the N-Terminus has not been explored well due to the limited knowledge of its structure and the unavailability of 3D structure Protein Data Bank file in the databases. Our previous studies with in silico homology modeling predicted a structural model of Dexras1 protein and in continuation; the present study was focused on in vitro sub-cloning, expression, and purification of Dexras1 protein to analyze the structural determinants of its N-terminal region. Dexras1 gene was sub-cloned in a customized 6× His tag Maltose Binding Protein vector and expressed in the Escherichia coli BL21 strain. SDS-PAGE analysis suggested that Dexras1 protein was expressed as an insoluble fraction and found the best expression with 1 mM IPTG induction at 37°C for 3–4 h. Then, the expressed protein was purified using Nickel-Nitriloacetic acid resins and analyzed by a circular dichroism (CD) for structural determinants. Spectra obtained by CD outlines preliminary structural information which showed the presence of alpha-helix and beta-sheets in the entire protein, but the N terminus might primarily exist in a non- randomized domain that could have independent functions.Item Effect of Different Sowing Time and Cultivars on Oil Content, Yield Attributes and Yield of Safflower(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-11) Kamle, R; Gehlot, Y; Aakash; Kamle, S; Singh, V; Kumar, N.The present experiment was conducted at All India Coordinated Research Project on safflower, College of Agriculture, Indore, (M.P.) during rabi season 2015-16 to study the effect of date of sowing and cultivars on number of capitula plant-1, total seed weight, 100 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, straw yield, harvest index, oil content and oil yield. The experiment was performed in split plot design using three sowing dates and three cultivars. The maximum capitula (31.26 plant-1) and total seed weight (25.11 g plant-1) were recorded with 1st November sown crop. The cultivar A-1 registered the highest 100 seed weight (5.42 g) which was significantly superior over cultivar NARI-6 and NARI-57. The highest seed yield (1565.42 kg ha-1), straw yield (7771 kg ha-1) and biological yield (9336.42 kg ha-1) were obtained under 1st November of sowing. The maximum oil content (35.36 %) was received with NARI-57 followed by NARI-6 and A-1. The highest oil yield (509.35 kg ha-1) was observed with 1st November sown crop. Based on the findings it is concluded that for obtaining maximum yield of safflower, use of A-1 cultivar and sowing done at 1st November is recommended.Item Effect of Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) on Growth and Yield Parameters of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-11) Yadav, R; Bahadur, R; Singh, S; Shahi, S; Kumar, V; Kumar, N.The present study aimed to investigate “Effect of foliar application of Salicylic acid and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) on growth and yield parameters of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)”. This research was conducted during the kharif season 2018 at the Student Instructional Farm (SIF) of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology in Kumarganj, Ayodhya. The experiment followed a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and involved seven treatments. The Mungbean variety used in the study was Narendra Mung-1 (NDM-1). Seven treatments as comprised of T1 - control (distilled water spray at 30 & 40 DAS), T2 - foliar spray of SA @ 50 ppm at 30 DAS, T3 - foliar spray of SA @ 80 ppm at 30 DAS, T4 - foliar spray of NAA @ 50 ppm at 30 DAS, T5 - foliar spray of NAA @ 80 ppm at 30 DAS, T6 - foliar spray of NAA @ 50 ppm at 40 DAS, T7 – Foliar spray of NAA @ 80 ppm at 40 DAS. The results indicated that the treatment T5 (foliar application of NAA @ 80 ppm at 30 DAS) showed significant increase on growth parameters like plant height (cm), total number of branch plant-1, total dry biomass (g) plant-1 and yield & yield attributes like number of pods clusters-1, number of pods plant-1, pod length (cm), number of seeds plant-1, number of seeds pod-1with T5, followed by T7 treatment (foliar application of NAA @ 80 ppm at 40 DAS), respectively over the control.Item Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and dynamic stretching on flexibility, agility, and balance in hamstring tightness among collegiate level badminton players(Medip Academy, 2023-05) Hegishte, A. S.; Kumar, N.Background: The development of muscular damage is typically attributed to intrinsic factors, such as muscle tension. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that muscular stiffness is the primary cause of the risk of pathological disorders of the knee and spine. Hamstring tightness leads to high risk of recurrent injury, decreases the performance in athletes, lead to post-exercise soreness and decreases coordination among athletes. Objectives of current study were to find out the effects of PNF and dynamic stretching on flexibility, balance, and agility among collegiate level badminton players having hamstring tightness. Methods: 110 participants were screened and 68 participants were recruited according to the selection criteria and were randomly allocated to Group A (PNF stretching) (N=34) and Group B (Dynamic Stretching) (N=34). The exercise program underwent training for 30 min, 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Results: Group A and Group B demonstrated significant improvement in Flexibility, Balance, and Agility (p<0.0001). Whereas, no significant difference was seen when intergroup comparison was done (p>0.005). Conclusions: The study concludes that there is significant improvement in the Flexibility, Balance, and Agility after implication of 4 weeks of PNF and Dynamic Stretching in Collegiate Level Badminton players having Hamstring tightness. This evidence substantiates that these exercises do recruit the Hamstring muscles and provides further insight into the role of the Hamstring muscles to keep the body flexible.Item Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and dynamic stretching on flexibility, agility, and balance in hamstring tightness among collegiate level badminton players(Medip Academy, 2023-05) Hegishte, A. S.; Kumar, N.Background: The development of muscular damage is typically attributed to intrinsic factors, such as muscle tension. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that muscular stiffness is the primary cause of the risk of pathological disorders of the knee and spine. Hamstring tightness leads to high risk of recurrent injury, decreases the performance in athletes, lead to post-exercise soreness and decreases coordination among athletes. Objectives of current study were to find out the effects of PNF and dynamic stretching on flexibility, balance, and agility among collegiate level badminton players having hamstring tightness. Methods: 110 participants were screened and 68 participants were recruited according to the selection criteria and were randomly allocated to Group A (PNF stretching) (N=34) and Group B (Dynamic Stretching) (N=34). The exercise program underwent training for 30 min, 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Results: Group A and Group B demonstrated significant improvement in Flexibility, Balance, and Agility (p<0.0001). Whereas, no significant difference was seen when intergroup comparison was done (p>0.005). Conclusions: The study concludes that there is significant improvement in the Flexibility, Balance, and Agility after implication of 4 weeks of PNF and Dynamic Stretching in Collegiate Level Badminton players having Hamstring tightness. This evidence substantiates that these exercises do recruit the Hamstring muscles and provides further insight into the role of the Hamstring muscles to keep the body flexible.Item Efficacy Of Binary Combination Of Deltamethrin+Mgk-264 On Levels Of Biochemical Changes In The Snail Lymnaea Acuminata(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2020-08) Singh, R. N.; Kumar, P.; Kumar, N.; Singh, D. K.Objective: The objective of the present study is the evaluation of the effect of the sublethal (40% and 60% of 48h LC50) binary combination (1:5 ratios) of molluscicides deltamethrin+MGK-264 on the endogenous levels of protein, amino acid and nucleic acid in different tissues of snail Lymnaea acuminata. Methods: The snails were treated with 1:5 mixtures of sub-lethal concentration of (40% and 60% of 48h LC50) deltamethrin+MGK-264 on the protein, amino acid and nucleic acid levels in gonadal, nervous and foot tissue of L. acuminata. In order to study the effect of withdrawal from treatment, the snails were first exposed to the above concentrations for 96h, after which they were transferred to freshwater. Water was changed every 24h for the next seven days, after which different biochemical parameters were estimated. Results: There was a significant change in the levels of protein (sublethal concentration of 60% of 48h LC50 after 96h) gonadal, nervous and foot tissues are 48.1, 12.1 and 14.5%, respectively, amino acid are 273, 234 and 252%, respectively, DNA are 25.1, 38.9 and 42.1%, respectively and RNA are 12.2, 30.7 and 30.5%, respectively. These changes were time and concentration-dependent. In the withdrawal experiment, the snails were treated for 96h to transfer in freshwater for 7 d, which caused significant recovery in all the biochemical parameters. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the high molluscicidal activity of deltamethrin+MGK-264 simultaneous decrease in the levels of proteins, DNA, RNA and increase in the level of amino acids.Item Enriched Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag application for improving grain yield and quality of wheat grown under nutritionally poor degraded soil(Triveni Enterprises, 2024-12) Khokhar, S.K.; Goyal, V.; Kumar, N.; Usha, K.; Pandey, V.; Sharma, J.; Gupta, C.K.; Singh, B.Aim: To evaluate the impact of enriched steel slag on the physico-chemical characteristics of soil and yield attributes of wheat under poor quality degraded soil. Methodology: Steel slag was biologically and organically amended with natural sources of phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) and characterized for its nutrient content along with biological activity. The impact of resultant products was assessed on soil quality and yield component traits of wheat for two consecutive years(2021-2022 and 2022-23). Results: Application of slag based products significantly (p<0.05) improved the plant height, biological yield, grain yield and ear bearing tillers (EBT) of -1 wheat even with 80% of recommended fertilizer dose (NPK). Further, in comparison to control, a moderation of soil pH (8.6 to 8.8), EC (0.18 to 0.20 dS m ), -1 -1 -1 OC (0.22 to 0.24 %) and essential mineral macronutrients viz., N (126 to 130 kg N ha ), P (8.0 to 13.0 kg ha ), K (100 to 125 kg ha ) were observed with the application of amended steel slag products. No significant change with respect to existing heavy metal concentration viz., Co, Ni, Cd and Pb in soil was observed when supplemented with amended slag products. Interpretation: Steel slag can be transformed favorably for on-farm application to improve wheat yield besides serving as an environmentally sustainable alternate of soil conditioner for the management of degraded soil.Item Ensuring global health: a comprehensive review of vaccine regulation with a focus on the Indian perspective(Medip Academy, 2024-02) Kumar, N.; Darshan, M.; Islam, F.The regulation of vaccines is crucial for ensuring public health and safety. A global perspective on vaccine regulation, with focus on the Indian approach in vaccine regulation, was analysed. The historical evolution of vaccine regulation, highlights significant events that shaped regulatory systems. The role of National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) in ensuring the safety, efficacy, and quality of vaccines is discussed, along with the pivotal role of the WHO through its prequalification program. The stages of the regulatory review process, including pre-licensure review and post-licensure surveillance, are outlined. The Indian perspective is examined, with a focus on the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) as the primary regulatory authority. The rigorous vaccine approval process, emergency use authorization, vaccine distribution, and administration, as well as post-marketing surveillance, are discussed. The Indian government's participation in international collaborations and emphasis on indigenous vaccine development are highlighted. This comprehensive review highlights the importance of vaccine regulation and the efforts undertaken by the Indian government to ensure the safety, efficacy, and accessibility of vaccines.Item Evaluation of safety profile of ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 Coronavirus (Covisheild) Vaccine among health care professionals in a tertiary care hospital: 6 months follow-up observation(Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2022-02) Thippeswamy, I; M, NMK; Ramella, SKDS; Kumar, N.Background: As there were no vaccines available for any strains of coronaviruses, it was inevitable to develop safe and effective vaccines for the prevention of infection. There were limited data on the safety of the vaccine in the real-world environment, so the present study is undertaken to assess the safety of the vaccine. Aim and Objectives: The objective of the study is to evaluate the safety profile of ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 Coronavirus Vaccine (Covishield) among health care professionals. Materials and Methods: This is 6 months follow-up observation of vaccinated individuals, 545 health care workers have taken Covishield Vaccine for a duration of 1 month in a tertiary care hospital in two doses with 28 days apart. Demographic data such as age, gender, and comorbidities were noted. They were given a World Health Organization-based Adverse Event Following Immunization form to fill if they have any of the symptoms. Their phone numbers were collected to check for any adverse reactions every week after the first dose till the next dose and every month for another 6 months. Results: Adverse reactions were reported by 147 out of 297 vaccinated individuals after the first dose, 40 members out of 248 individuals after the second dose 24 h after vaccination. Pain at the site of infection and body ache/myalgia was seen in 27% of individuals. Reactions were mild in most of the individuals which resolved in a day without medication. Conclusions: Although the frequency of adverse reactions was observed in more individuals, they were mostly mild and self-limiting. This may show that vaccine has an acceptable safety profile in our observation among health care professionals.Item Impact of Seed Size on Germination, Seedling Vigor, and Quality Traits in Fodder Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Varieties(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-09) Valmik, A; Syed, M; Pandey, S; Kumar, N.A study was conducted to investigate how seed size affects germination and vigor of cowpea seeds. The differences due to vigour parameters of graded seeds were significant due to varieties cv. Bundel Lobia-1 showed better vigour than cv. UPC-607. Variety Bundel Lobia-1 recorded significantly higher seed weight (102.6 g) than variety UPC-607 (92.1 g). There was a significant difference between seed grades, large seeds having significantly more than 1000 seed weight (118.3 g) followed by ungraded seeds (107.2 g), medium seeds (97.1 g) and small seeds (66.8 g), respectively. Interaction Cv- Bundel Lobia-1 (93.0%) recorded a significantly superior germination percentage over cv. UPC-607 (86.48 %). However, the differences were non- significant due to seed sizes, large seeds (91.03%) recorded more germination percentage followed by medium seeds (90.34%), ungraded seeds (89.44%) and small seeds (88.16%) respectively.Item Influence of Irrigation Scheduling on Weeds among Different Sowing Dates in Wheat under Vertisol(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-11) Gajbhiye, M; Bhan, M; Agrawal, KK; Kumar, N.Wheat is an important cereal grain crop and is staple to millions. Weeds are the major constraint that lower the wheat yield. The knowledge of weeds under different sowing dates and Irrigation can assist in controlling weeds. A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2020-21 at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, M.P. to study the influence of irrigation scheduling on weeds at different sowing dates in wheat. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The main plot consisted of three sowing dates, i.e., 3rd December, 18th December and 2nd January and four Irrigation Water/Cumulative Pan Evaporation (IW/CPE) based irrigation scheduling, 1.0, 0.9, 0.8 and 0.7 in the sub-plots. The results revealed that lowest weed density and dry weight were observed in 2nd January sown date, as compared to 3rd December and 18th December sown date. Among the irrigation schedules, 0.7 IW/CPE observed lowest weed density and dry weight than 1.0, 0.9, 0.8 IW/CPE ratio. 3rd December sown date exhibited highest grain yield (4637 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6788 kg ha-1) than 18th December and 2nd January sown date. Among the irrigation schedules, 1.0 IW/CPE ratio exhibited maximum grain yield (4510 kg ha-1) than 0.9, 0.8 and 0.7 IW/CPE ratio. The results of the study concludes that sowing dates and irrigation schedules had crucial role for controlling weeds.Item Lower limb lymphedema mimicking as elephantiasis in intravenous drug user(Medip Academy, 2024-06) Aryan, S; Singh, M; Sharma, C; Khutan, H; Chahal, J; Kumar, N.India been the population of over a billion, it is estimated that 62.5 million people use alcohol, 8.75 million use cannabis, two million use opiates, and 0.6 million use sedatives or hypnotics. Intravenous (IV) drug abuse is fairly spreading throughout the country. Rapid urbanization and migration to metro cities have led to disturbance in the social life render an individual more vulnerable to stresses and strain of modern life and with easy availability of drugs, sharing needle, peer pressure are also among the commonest reason for exponential rise of intravenous drug user (IVDU) especially among the young generation. IV drug abuse is one of most serious and social evil, prevailing in our society that leads to number of infections from local cutaneous infections to dreadful like human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) which in turn not only increase the morbidity but mortality as well. Here we have patient who had history of IV drug injection to lower limb that led to chronic lower limb swelling which on further investigation turns out to be grade IV lymphedema.