Browsing by Author "Kaushal, K"
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Item Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in healthy gut flora: A report from north Indian semiurban community(Indian Council of Medical Research, 2019-02) Gupta, M; Didwal, G; Bansal, S; Kaushal, K; Batra, N; Gautam, V; Ray, PBackground & objectives: Rampant use of ?-lactam antibiotics in both community and hospitals has transformed the human healthy intestinal gut flora into a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant organisms. This study was conducted to find the faecal presence of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in faecal samples in the community in north India. Methods: In this prospective study, 207 stool samples were collected from apparently healthy individuals residing in a semiurban community in Chandigarh, India, from August to October, 2015. Isolates belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and antibiotic susceptibility was determined using Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute disc diffusion method. Detection of extended spectrum ?-lactamases (TEM, SHV, OXA-1, CTXM 1, CTXM 2, CTXM 9 and CTXM 8/25), carbapenemases (IMP, VIM and KPC) and New Delhi metallo-?-lactamase was done by multiplex PCR. Results: Of the population studied, 55.5 per cent were females and 60 per cent were illiterate or had only primary education; 43.4 per cent individuals were aged <20 yr. Overall, 70.5 per cent of stool samples had antibiotic-resistant isolates. Maximum resistance was seen for cephalosporins (60.4%) followed by fluoroquinolones (41.5%). The multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were 2.4 per cent. The most commonly detected genes were TEM, SHV, OXA-1, CTXM-1, CTXM-2, CTXM-9 and CTXM-8/25 ?-lactamases. Escherichia coli was the most common resistant isolate, and TEM was the most common gene detected. Interpretation & conclusions: Overall, 70.5 per cent members of Enterobacteriaceae had antibiotic resistance in the community and 2.4 per cent were MDR. Higher resistance rates were observed for most commonly used drugs such as cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. High rate of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in gut of healthy individuals points towards the need for active screening and prevention of dissemination.Item Distinguishing clonal apple rootstocks by isozymes banding patterns.(2001-11-22) Kaushal, K; Modgil, M; Sharma, D RMolecular characterisation of clonal apple rootstocks using isozymes was carried out to identify isozyme polymorphism in seven clonal apple rootstocks and to identify the most characteristic and stable enzyme markers for each individual rootstock. Five enzyme systems were studied out of which polyphenol oxidase, malate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and peroxidase were useful in discriminating among the rootstocks. The peroxidase enzyme system showed maximum variation and esterase showed the least variation among the rootstocks. Out of seven rootstocks, three were distinguished on the basis of one enzyme system only (M.3 with MDH or PER, M.7 with PPO or PER and MM. 111 with MDH). Out of the sixteen loci studied seven were found to be polymorphic. Genetic variation among the rootstocks was explained on the basis of various parameters. The percentage of polymorphic loci varied from 13.33 to 35.71 per cent.Item Hurler Syndrome: A report of three cases.(2015-06) Makhela, J; Kaushal, K; Choraria, S; Ranka, M; Patel, S BThe mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that result in widespread skeletal, visceral, and mental abnormalities. A defect in metabolic degradation leads to the storage of mucopolysaccharide macromolecules in the nervous system and other body tissues. The MPS are classified into various types, and there are additional diseases, such as the mucolipidoses and a gangliosidosis, that demonstrate similar clinical and radiologic findings. We hereby present 3 cases of Hurler Syndrome, TypeI mucopolysaccharidoses, and enumerate there radiological characteristic radiological findings.Item Long-term safety and toxicity of azathioprine in patients with air-borne contact dermatitis.(2001-03-01) Kaushal, K; Manchanda, YForty-six patients, 35 males and 11 females between 30 and 75 years age having patch test confirmed air-borne contact dermatitis for 6 months to 20 years were treated with azathioprine for varying periods of 3 months to 3 years. Twenty-two patients (Group 1) received azathioprine 50 mg twice daily orally for 6 months to 3 years, 12 patients (Group 2) were given the drug in a dose of 50 mg once daily and 300 mg once in four weeks orally for 3 months to 2.5 years, and the remaining 12 patients (Group 3) were treated with azathioprine 50 mg twice daily and 300 mg once in 4 weeks orally for 4 degrees months to 2.3 years. All the patients were evaluated clinically as well as biochemically every month to determine the side-effects of azathioprine. Out of these 46 patients, only 2 (4.3%) patients had severe drug-induced side-effects of gastrointestinal and hepatic origin. Three patients had transient rise in SGPT. Eighteen patients had other milder side effects which included mainly cutaneous infections.Item The need of Palliative care model in cancer patients in India-A long overdue(Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine, 2018-06) Kaushal, K; Bhattacharya, S; Singh, AWHO defined palliative care as “an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial, and spiritual.” (1)Item Onset pattern of menarche among nursing students. A study of PGI, Chandigarh.(1984-11-01) Kaushal, K; Verma, P; Rathod, S; Gupta, KItem Rare case of parotid rhabdomyosarcoma(Educational Society for Excellence, 2016) Kaushal, K; Gupta, M; Patel, B N.Sarcomas comprise only 0.6% of all cancers throughout the body and account for only 1.5% of all salivary gland tumors. The existence of these tumors has been debatable with some investigators stating that such lesions represent extensions of soft tissue sarcomas into the gland. In young patients, these tumors occur more often than the more common parenchymal tumors or the conventional soft tissue sarcomas. We are hereby presenting a case of a 5 year old male child presenting with a large parotid mass which was diagnosed as parotid rhabdomyosarcoma.