Browsing by Author "Kalsey, Gurdeep"

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    Age determination from sternal ends of the ribs- an autopsy study.
    (2007-10) Gupta, Pankaj; Rai, Hakumat; Kalsey, Gurdeep; Gargi, Jagdish
    A random study of 500 cases for age determination from sternal ends of the ribs was carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar with joint supervision of Department of Anatomy. The aim of the study was to determine the age after death with minimal error. Currently there are different parameters available to determine the age of a person like study of teeth, ossification of bones and other ancillary data, but the accurate reliability of these measures is only limited to a particular age group i.e. 25± 5 years. For the age beyond this, many workers in different parts of the world have done their studies to accurately determine the age of a person from the skeleton. Study by Iscan et al (1984) has emphasized fair amount of accurate assessment of age from the sternal end of the ribs. The present study was a similar attempt to analyze the reliability and accuracy of Iscan et al’s (1984) work in this part of the world.
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    Communicating ramus from lateral root of Median nerve to Ulnar nerve and fusion of Musculocutaneous nerve & Median nerve-a conjunction or co-incidence.
    (2013-07) Chaudhary, Priti; Singla, Rajan; Arora, Kamal; Kalsey, Gurdeep
    Background: The brachial plexus has a complex anatomical structure since its origin in the neck throughout its course in the axillary region. It also has close relationship to important anatomic structures what makes it an easy target of a sort of variations and provides its clinical and surgical importance. The presence of communicating branches between the terminal branches of the brachial plexus are relatively common & reported by many of the authors but very few studies are there in literature about communicating branch from the lateral root of the median nerve to the ulnar nerve. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 60 upper limbs belonging to 30 cadavers ( Male:Female = 28:02 ), ( Right:Left = 30:30 ) obtained from Department of Anatomy. Observations: Communicating branch from the lateral root of the median nerve to the ulnar nerve was seen in 2 limbs (3.33%). These limbs also depicted fusion of musculocutaneous & median nerves. Discussion & Conclusion: Whether this is a conjunction or just a co-incidence, remains to be verified on a larger database. However the existence of communicating branches may be of importance in the evaluation of unexplained sensory loss after trauma or surgical intervention in a particular area. Further ontogeny & phylogeny of the variant patterns are discussed.
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    Communication Between Musculocutaneous and Median Nerve – Different Types and Their Incidence in North Indian Population.
    (2013-09) Chaudhary, Priti; Kalsey, Gurdeep; Singla, Ranjan; Arora, Kamal
    The variations of the median nerve and the musculocutaneous nerve, like the communication between the two, may prove valuable in the traumatology of the shoulder joint and the upper arm region and in situations when the surgeon has to isolate and trace the median and musculocutaneous nerve distally. The present study was conducted on 60 upper limbs belonging to 30 cadavers (Male:Female = 28:02), (Right:Left = 30:30) obtained from Dept. of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab. Brachial plexuses were exposed as per standard guidelines. The observations recorded were as follows: 1). The musculocutaneous nerve was absent in six (10%) limbs; the muscles usually supplied by this being supplied by median nerve in two limbs and by lateral cord (coracobrachialis) and median nerve (biceps and brachialis) in the other four limbs. 2). A single communication between the musculocutaneous and the median nerve was encountered in the six (10%) limbs. It was in the upper third of the upper arm, proximal to the entrance of the musculocutaneous nerve into the coracobrachialis muscle. 3.) A complete fusion of the musculocutaneous nerve and the median nerve after normal formation of the former was seen in four (6.66%) limbs. Out of these four limbs; in 1 limb, coracobrachialis; in 2 limbs, coracobrachialis and biceps and in one limb all three muscles of the anterior compartment were supplied by musculocutaneous nerve before its fusion with the median nerve.
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    Formation and Branching Pattern of Cords of Brachial Plexus- A Cadaveric Study In North Indian Population.
    (2014-01) Chaudhary, Priti; Singla, Rajan; Arora, Kamal; Kalsey, Gurdeep
    BACKGROUND: The anatomical variations in the different parts of brachial plexus in human have been described by many authors. These variations have clinical significance for the surgeons, radiologists and the anatomists. A lot of work has been done on the morphology of branching pattern of the different cords of brachial plexus but almost all the workers are silent about their morphometry. That’s why this study is planned on morphology & morphometry of branching pattern of different cords of brachial plexus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study was conducted on 60 upper limbs belonging to 30 cadavers (Male:Female = 28:02), (Right:Left = 30:30) obtained from Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar. These were dissected to expose the different components of brachial plexus. OBSERVATIONS: Out of 60 limbs, the lateral and the medial cords were formed in the usual way in 56 limbs, while the posterior cord was normal in 57 limbs. The average lengths of lateral, medial & posterior cords were 3.37 cm, 4.05 cm & 1.95 cm respectively. The branches of lateral cord depicted more variations in the form of origin as compared with those of medial & posterior cords. The distance of different branches of all the cords from the point of origin to parent cord varied between the two sides of same cadaver as well as on the same side of different cadavers. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION: The present study on the adult human cadavers is an essential prerequisite for the initial built up of the data base at the grass root level. The anatomy has always provided a bedrock for the sound surgical endeavors. It definitely has an upper edge to widely and indiscriminately used radiological and sophisticated CT and MRI observations which carry a margin of error inherent to any diagnostic procedure because no doubt the machines are a good bet but the eyes see the best.
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    Metric Analysis Of Sexual Dimorphism In North Indian Pelvic Indices
    (IMED Research Publications, 2019-04) Sachdeva, Kanika; Singla, Rajan Kumar; Kalsey, Gurdeep
    Background: Skeleton is an excellent investigating material in living and non-living population for genetic,anthropological and forensic purposes. Anatomical knowledge of human osteology, in the evaluation of deathmay help to shed light on legal issues such as sex and age determination, parentage and racial identity. Withracial differences, it’s difficult to implement a uniform method for determining sex. Therefore, the need forpresent study was felt. Many bones of skeleton present size related sexual differences, those of the pelvis usuallydisplayed differences in morphology independent of size as the sex hormones influence the reproductive functions.In the present study an attempt has been made to arrive at appropriate metric data, regarding sex determinationof North Indian pelves using indices calculated upon dry hip bones, sacrum & pelvis as a whole.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 50 adult pelvis (M: F= 40:10) obtained from GovernmentMedical College, Amritsar. Measurements related to Pelvic Brim Index, Coxal Index, Index I & Index II of GreaterSciatic Notch, Ischiopubic Index, Sacral index, Longitudinal Curvature index & Corporobasal index were taken bystandardized methods, indices were calculated & results were statistically analyzed.Results: Amongst the various indices calculated in present study Coxal Index, Index I & Index II of Greater SciaticNotch, Ischiopubic Index & Sacral index were found to be significantly sexually dimorphic.Conclusions: Since skeletal characteristics vary among populations; therefore the present study provides adatabase for various significant pelvis related indices amongst North Indian population to optimize the accuracyof sex identification
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    Newer Dimensions In Sex Differences Of Ischial Parameters Of Human Hip Bone- A Morphometric Study In North Indian Population
    (IMED Research Publications, 2020-04) Kanika Sachdeva; Singla, Rajan K; Kalsey, Gurdeep
    Background: Hip bone is the most sexually dimorphic bone in adult human skeleton, which provides sufficientevidence for sex determination even if fragmentary remains are available, and thus it is of great use both formedico-legal and archaeological purposes. Recent improved researches on metric assessment of variousparameters of hip bone are an effort to decrease ambiguity in assessment methods. Present study aims todetermine the sexual dimorphism in the morphometric parameters of ischial component of dry hip bone.Material and Methods: Present study was conducted on 100 undamaged hip bones, of known sex and unknownage (M:F=80:20, R:L= 50:50) procured from the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar.The various dimensions measured were (1) Height of Ischium, (2) Length of Ischium upto the farthest point onacetabular rim, (3) Lower Spinal Height, (4) Front Spinal Height. The observations were statistically evaluated tofind out sex & side related differences.Results: All these parameters were significantly longer in males as compared to females. Also these were more onright side in both sexes but the difference was statistically insignificant.Conclusions: The results of the present study can be used for sex determination from the fragmentary remains ofhip bone. The study also advocates a need for more studies of similar parameters for other regional populationsto build up larger databases due to paucity of comparative data
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    Original research paper role of sacrum in sexual dimorphism-a morphometric study.
    (2011-07) Sachdeva, Kanika; Singla, Rajan Kumar; Kalsey, Gurdeep; Sharma, Gaurav
    The sacrum has always attracted the attention of the medico-legal experts for establishing the sex, because of its contribution to pelvic girdle and associated functional sex differences. The present study was performed to evaluate the reliability of the various parameters of sacrum in this regard. The material for the study comprised of 50 adult sacra (M: F= 40:10), obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar. Different parameters viz. Midventral straight length, Midventral curved length, Ventral straight breadth, Transverse diameter of base, Transverse diameter of body of S1, Antero-posterior diameter of body of S1, Breadth of alae were measured and indices viz. Sacral index, Longitudinal curvature index and Corporobasal index were calculated and statistically analyzed . Out of these Midventral straight length, Midventral curved length, Transverse diameter of base, Antero-posterior diameter of body of S1 and Breadth of alae were found to be significantly more in males while Sacral index was significantly more in females. Corporobasal index was found to be more in females though statistically insignificant.
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    Role of Ilium In Sexual Dimorphism of Hip Bone: A Morphometric Study In North Indian Population.
    (2014-07) Sachdeva, Kanika; Singla, Rajan Kumar; Kalsey, Gurdeep
    Introduction: Sex estimation of skeletal remains is an important issue in both forensics and bioarchaeology. Many mammalian species display sexual dimorphism in the pelvis, where females possess larger dimensions of the obstetric canal than males. This is contrary to the general pattern of body size dimorphism, where males are larger than females. Pelvic dimorphism is often attributed to selection relating to parturition, or as a developmental consequence of secondary sexual differentiation. Current opinion regards the hip bone as the most reliable sex indicator because it is the most dimorphic bone, particularly in adult individuals. Material & Methods: In the present study, an attempt has been made to find the base line data of thirteen parameters pertaining to ilia of 100 hip bones of known sex and side. Variables studied were: Total length of iliac crest, lengths of its ventral & dorsal segments; distance between Anterior Superior Iliac Spine & Iliac Tubercle; Iliac height; Ventral, Sacral, Direct, Lower & Upper iliac heights; Iliac breadth; Lower, Ventral & Sacral iliac breadths, Length of pelvic & sacral parts of Chilotic Line. Results: The results obtained were tabulated, statistically analysed & compared to the earlier literature. It was seen that almost all the parameters except Sacral Iliac Height, Lower Iliac Height & Pelvic parts of Chilotic line were longer in males. Conclusion: To conclude, the morphometry of ilium also constitutes an important mean of sexual dimorphism. However its parameters are longer in males as it does not form a part of birth canal so is independent of sex hormones & is akin to general rule that male bones are larger than female bones.
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    Role of Ischio-Pubic Index in Sex Identification from Innominate Bones in North Indian Population.
    (2014-07) Sachdeva, Kanika; Singla, Rajan Kumar; Kalsey, Gurdeep
    Background: The use of coxal elements for age & sex identification is primary and most widespread way of bringing us closer to the identity of dead individuals in archaeological & certain forensic scenarios. It is well known that there is metric & morphologic variation in expression of sexual dimorphism between racial phenotypes and populations. Therefore, the purpose of present research is to assess metric differences in the pubo-ischial region of hip bones amongst North Indian Population. Material & Methods: Material for the current investigation comprised of 100 hip bones [(M: F=80:20) & (R: L=50:50)] obtained from Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India. Pubic Length & ischial length were measured and Pubo-ischial index was calculated. All the data thus obtained was compiled, tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: All the three parameters showed statistically significant sex differences. Ischium was longer in males, pubis in females & pubo-ischial index was also more in females. Conclusion: These variables can be used to determine sex from human hip bone or its fragments.
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    Role Of Pubis In Sexual Dimorphism Of Hip Bone - A Morphometric Study In North Indian Population
    (IMED Research Publications, 2020-04) Sachdeva, Kanika; Singla, Rajan K; Kalsey, Gurdeep
    Background: Different bones of the human skeleton present age-, sex- and race-related dissimilarities, so thatusing visual criteria & metric techniques, age, sex, and race of an individual can be estimated from these bones.One such bone is the hip bone whose characteristic morphology makes it interesting from anatomical,anthropological, and forensic point of view. Its features are important not only for the anatomist but also for theanthropologist, for population studies & for forensic experts for specimen recognition and gender determinationof skeletal remains. The three constituent parts of hip bone i.e ilium, ischium and pubis depict different genderspecific features. The pubis showing pubertal changes first of all are being considered in this article. Its differentparameters will be definitely helpful to anatomists, anthropologists & forensic experts in their respective fields.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 adult undamaged human hip bones, (M:F=80:20,R:L= 50:50) obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar. The variousdimensions of the pubis measured were (1) Mid Pubic Width, (2) Length of Pubic Crest, (3) Length of Pubic Bone,(4) Length of Pubic bone upto acetabulum. The observations were statistically evaluated to find out sex & siderelated differences.Results: All the pubic parameters measured were significantly larger in female bones as compared to malebones, except the mid pubic width. However no significant side specific pattern could be determined in either sex.Conclusions: There is a relative paucity of region specific data for the various parameters of pubis in the accessibleliterature. Thus the present study advocates the significance of pubis in sexual dimorphism, for sex determination& provides reference values for the North India region.