Browsing by Author "Jindal, Ghanshyam D."
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Item Noninvasive screening of osteoporosis using bio-impedance and quantitative ultrasound(Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2022-04) Jethe, Jyoti Vivek; Patkar, Deepak; Jindal, Ghanshyam D.Bone mineral loss is a serious health issue all over the globe resulting in osteoporosis, without showing any pre-indication of its occurrence. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry test is a widely accepted method for its diagnosis which gives areal information about the bone mineral. Other methods like Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) and Peripheral QCT give volumetric information. Application of these methods for mass screening is not recommended due to the use of ionizing radiations. Few non-ionizing methods, namely Bioelectric Impedance Analysis and Quantitative Ultrasound, have evolved in the past few decades. Bioelectric Impedance Analysis, a non-invasive and low-cost tool, has been immensely recognized for its promising use in estimating body composition and body fluids. Similarly, Quantitative Ultrasound is another non-invasive technique for determining bone density at fixed locations, making noninvasive assessment much faster, easier to use, and portable. A multi-parametric approach combining these two modalities has yielded higher efficiency for the detection of bone mineral loss. These developments are briefly reviewed in this paper.Item Pulse arrival time: Measurement and clinical applications(Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2022-01) Deshmukh, Chaitali A.; Jindal, Ghanshyam D.; Bagal, Uttam R.; Nagare, Gajanan D.Pulse arrival time is the time elapsed between the R-wave of electrocardiogram and systolic peak in peripheral pulse obtained by any of the plethysmographic methods. Similarly, differential pulse arrival time, also known as pulse transit time, is the time elapsed between systolic peaks of proximal and distal peripheral pulse recordings in an extremity. Distance between the proximal and distal site in the extremity (in meters) divided by differential pulse arrival time (in seconds) gives arterial pulse wave velocity in the limb segment. Differential pulse arrival time has been used to discriminate between an aortic or arterial block from generalized atherosclerosis in aortic and arterial occlusive diseases for nearly four decades. All along there have been efforts to monitor beat-to-beat blood pressure with the help of these time intervals and other pulse parameters. Encouraging correlation has been observed with that obtained by Finapres. Recently pulse arrival time has been explored for the prompt detection of sudden hypertensive episodes during laryngeal microsurgery, for detection of mental stress, monitoring of baroreflex sensitivity, and real-time monitoring of blood pressure. This paper briefly describes the measurement technique of pulse arrival time and an overview of its clinical applications.