Browsing by Author "Jain, Rajesh"

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    Clinical profile and outcome of stroke in relation to glycaemic status of patients.
    (2004-03-12) Kyadav, Kaushal; Chaudhary, H R; Gupta, R C; Jain, Rajesh; Yadav, Shekhar Raj; Sharma, Sanjeev; Meena, Ramesh
    The present study was undertaken in 50 patients of acute stroke to assess the role of glycaemic status on clinical profile and outcome of stroke. Subjects were divided into two groups: Group 1--Comprising of 25 patients of acute ischaemic stroke; Group 2--Comprising of 25 patients of acute haemorrhagic stroke. Each group was subdivided into euglycaemics, stress hyperglycaemics, newly diagnosed diabetics and known diabetics subgroups (stress hyperglycaemics, newly diagnosed diabetics and known diabetics together were called hyperglycaemics). Hyperglycaemics of both the groups had larger sized stroke. Neurological assessment done at day 1 and day 10 by Gillory's scoring system showed statistically significant improvement (P < 0.01) in all neurological functions in the euglycaemic subgroup in both the groups while in the hyperglycaemic subgroup improvement in higher mental function and motor function was insignificant (P > 0.05). There was statistically significant mortality (P < 0.05) (up to 10th day) with the hyperglycaemic subgroup in both the groups as compared to the euglycaemic subgroup.
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    Comparative study of calcipotriol (0.005%) ointment and tazarotene (0.05% and 0.1%) gel in the treatment of stable plaque psoriasis.
    (2008-09-05) Kaur, Inderjeet; Dogra, Sunil; Jain, Rajesh; Kumar, Bhushan
    BACKGROUND: Topical therapies are the first line of treatment for patients with stable plaque psoriasis affecting a limited body surface area. Though in use for more than a decade, we could not find any reports of studies directly comparing calcipotriol and tazarotene. AIM: To evaluate the comparative efficacy and tolerability of calcipotriol and tazarotene in the treatment of stable plaque psoriasis. METHODS: This was a prospective, right-left side intra-individual parallel 8-week study using calcipotriol 0.005% ointment applied twice daily (right side) versus tazarotene (left side) randomized to either 0.05% (group I) or 0.1% gel (group II) once daily in two groups, each of 10 patients. Efficacy was determined by the assessment of target psoriatic lesions under evaluation by using the severity scale (0-3) of erythema, scaling, and infiltration (ESI score). Evaluation was done at baseline (0 week), 4 weeks, and 8 weeks of treatment. At the end of 8 weeks, patients with more than 75% reduction in ESI score were considered to have marked improvement; 51% to 75%, moderate improvement; 26% to 50%, minimal improvement; and less than 25%, non-responders. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (9 in group I, 8 in group II) completed the study. In group I, reduction in ESI score was significantly more at both 4 and 8 weeks on sides treated with calcipotriol, producing moderate-to-marked improvement (P<0.05). In group II, improvement was comparable in lesions treated with either calcipotriol or tazarotene (0.1%) at the end of 4 and 8 weeks. Adverse effects noted were mild--in the form of burning, pruritus, and irritation--and were observed more often in the lesions treated with tazarotene as compared to those in the lesions treated with calcipotriol, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, none of the patients discontinued the therapy because of adverse events. CONCLUSION: Topical calcipotriol 0.005% ointment is more effective than tazarotene 0.05% gel; however, its efficacy is comparable to tazarotene 0.1% gel in the treatment of stable plaque psoriasis.
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    Conjunctivitis in the newborn- A comparative study.
    (2011-04) Wadhwani, Meenakshi; D’souza, Pamela; Jain, Rajesh; Dutta, Renu; Saili, Arvind; Singh, Abha
    Background: Conjunctivitis of the newborn is defined as hyperemia and eye discharge in the neonates and is a common infection occurring in the neonates in the first month of life. In the United States, the incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis ranges from 1-2%, in India, the prevalence is 0.5-33% and varies in the world from 0.9-21% depending on the socioeconomic status. Aim: To study the organisms causing conjunctivitis of the newborn and to correlate the etiology with the mode of delivery. Design: Single center, prospective, observational study. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 mothers and their newborns, born over a period of one year, were included in the study. Of these 200 newborns were delivered through vaginal route (Group A) and 100 (Group B) delivered by lower segment caesarean section (LSCS). At the time of labour, high vaginal swabs were taken from the mothers. Two conjunctival swabs each from both eyes of the newborn were collected at birth and transported to Microbiology department in a candle jar immediately. Results: Eight babies in Group A, developed conjunctivitis at birth. None of the babies in Group B developed conjunctivitis, this difference was statistically highly significant (P<0.000). The organisms found in the conjunctiva of the newborns in Group A were Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, α hemolytic Streptococcus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spps. However, the commonest organism leading to conjunctivitis in the newborn in this study was Coagulase negative Staphylococcus. It was observed that the mothers of 5 out of 8 babies (60%) developing conjunctivitis gave history of midwife interference and premature rupture of membranes so the presence of risk factors contribute to the occurrence of conjunctivitis in the newborn. Conclusions: It is inferred that the mode of delivery and the presence of risk factors is responsible for conjunctivitis in the newborn.
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    Efficacy of early versus late postpartum DIPSI test in gestational diabetes mellitus women for follow up
    (Medip Academy, 2024-04) A., Geethalakshmi; S., Saraswathi; K., Kalaivani; C., Anjalakshi; Jain, Rajesh; V., Seshiah
    Background: The present study aimed to evaluate if postpartum gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening can be performed during immediate post-delivery 72 hrs instead of six weeks postpartum for follow-up.Methods: Total 150 GDM patients were included. The sample size was calculated as 150 with Nimaster2.0 software. GDM patients are enrolled after meeting the exclusion criteria for the study. The GDM diagnosis was made by DIPSI test and treated as per guidelines. After delivery, the Dipsi test was done on PND-3 (PP1). Furthermore, all were kept on LSM irrespective of the glycaemic level DIPSI test was repeated in all Patients after 45 days (PP2).Results: All 150 patients had a DIPSI test on 3rd day post-partum (PP1) and repeat test at 45 days (PP2)., Of these, 60 patients (40%) showed negative DIPSI test on P1 and all remained in Group 1, with 63 patients having negative DIPSI test on PP2. 50 patients (33.3%) had blood glucose between 140-199 mg (Group 2) on PP1 and increased to 53 patients in PP2 in 45 days. 40 patients had diabetic (26.6%) value (Group 3) in PP1, and out of them 34 (22.6%) remained in group 3 in PP2 after 45 days post-partum.Conclusions: This pilot study shows that nearly 60% of the GDM patient have either IGT or diabetic value following delivery on 3rd day of PP1 and almost similar results in PP2. Hence, we can do the postpartum screening on the postpartum 3rd day and need not wait for 6 wks when more than 50% is lost for follow-up. This study shows among GDM 60% of them have underlying beta cell dysfunction.
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    Heavy metals accumulation in soils irrigated by municipal and industrial effluent.
    (2004-01-03) Sharma, O P; Bangar, K S; Jain, Rajesh; Sharma, P K
    Four soil profiles have been exposed in municipal, industrial effluents and municipal wastes mixed with industrial wastes (mixed effluent) and tube well irrigated areas of Indore district of Madhya Pradesh. Soil samples were collected horizon wise and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, CaCO3, clay content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and heavy metals content viz. Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Co and Pb. Results showed all the heavy metals content decreased with increase in depth of soil profile. Municipal wastes / untreated sewage affected soil of Bhangarh village depicted highest content of heavy metals. The order of percentage availability of different heavy metals irrespective of the sources of irrigation is Pb>Co>Cr>Cd. However, continuous application of sewage indicated higher accumulation of heavy metals although the rate of accumulation was faster in case of industrial effluent within 2 years of irrigation. Organic carbon content had significant positive correlation with heavy metals except Cu and Zn, and negative correlation with pH and CaCO3. ESP had a negative correlation with all the metals. Zn, Mn, Cd and Co indicated significant negative correlation with the CEC of the soil. Inter-metallic correlation indicates a significant positive correlation in between Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, and Pb and among themselves.
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    Hypoglycemic Brain Injury: A Case Report.
    (2014-04) Maheshwari, Monika; Jain, Rajesh
    Diverse neurologic manifestations of hypoglycemia have been reported. Hypoglycemia can cause various neurologic symptoms including profound memory loss, transient motor deficits, a persistent vegetative state and death in 2-4% of cases. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful technique to evaluate hypoglycemic brain damage. We describe herein characteristic brain MR diffusion imaging features in a diabetic patient who had severe hypoglycemia.
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    Milk Lactoferrin: A Nutraceutical Supplement against Viruses
    (Sumathi Publications, 2025-01) Mohammadabadi, Taherah; Jain, Rajesh; Bouyahya, Abdelhakim
    Milk is containing immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, peptidoglycan recognition protein, vitamins C and oligosaccharides which are against microbial infections. Lactoferrin is one glycoprotein detected in milk of livestock such as cow, buffalo, and camel, as camel milk containing highest amount compared to the milk from other livestock species. Activation, proliferation, and regulation of the phagocytic action of immune cells are facilitated by the lactoferrin. The antiviral actions of lactoferrin are against both DNA and RNA viruses such as hepatitis, herpes simplex viruses, HIV, rotavirus, and respiratory viruses by binding viral particles, inhibit viral adhesion, and entry into target cells. Also, lactoferrin may directly interact with viral receptors such as heparan sulfate on the cell surfaces and prevent the virus attachment and infection. The boosting host immune system by nutritional supplements such as lactoferrin may be effective against viruses� entry and infection into the host cells. Milk lactoferrin as powder or tablets may be a novel promising candidate and preventative treatment for more severe cases of viral infections. However, it needs more studies on dosage to verify its efficacy on prevention and treatment.
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    Multifocal bullous fixed drug eruption mimicking Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
    (2002-05-28) Rai, Ranju; Jain, Rajesh; Kaur, Inderjeet; Kumar, Bhushan
    The overlapping clinical features of fixed drug eruption (FDE), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) make differentiation between them difficult, especially if FDE is multifocal and extensive. We present a case of multifocal bullous FDE mimicking SJS.
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    Study of desmoglein 1 and 3 antibody levels in relation to disease severity in Indian patients with pemphigus.
    (2006-05-13) Kumar, Bhushan; Arora, Sunil; Kumaran, Muthu Sendhil; Jain, Rajesh; Dogra, Sunil
    OBJECTIVES: To conduct a cross-sectional study to compare Dsg1 and Dsg3 antibody levels independently with severity of disease activity in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF). METHODS: Blood samples from 44 patients with pemphigus (PV-38, PF-6) were analyzed using ELISA. The severity of skin and mucosal disease was graded using a score from 0 to 3. RESULTS: A statistically significant correlation between increase in Dsg 3 antibody titres with severity of oral involvement and Dsg 1 titres with severity of skin involvement was found in both PV and PF patients (p < 0.01). However, we were unable to demonstrate a relationship between increased titres of Dsg1 and Dsg 3 antibodies with oral and skin involvement respectively. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the severity of skin and oral disease in pemphigus is determined by the quantities of Dsg1 and Dsg3 antibodies respectively.