Browsing by Author "Islam, S."

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    Association of coronary calcium arc on stent expansion in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction by intravascular ultrasound
    (Medip Academy, 2025-06) Barman, BC; Uddin, MJ; Karmakar, PK; Alam, N; Datta, GC; Saha, M; Islam, S.
    Background: Coronary calcification indicates atherosclerotic plaque burden and contributes to stent under-expansion, leading to complications like restenosis and thrombosis. The impact of coronary calcium severity on stent expansion in NSTEMI patients remains unexplored in our population. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the coronary calcium arc and stent expansion in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh from May 2019 to April 2020. A total of 109 NSTEMI patients undergoing IVUS-guided PCI for calcified lesions at NICVD were enrolled. Based on the calcium arc, 73 patients (0-180°) formed Group I, and 36 (181-270°) formed Group II. Stent expansion was measured. Ethical approval was obtained, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: In this study, despite higher balloon pressures in Group II, acute diameter gain (1.5±0.4 mm vs 1.4±0.3 mm, p<0.03), acute CSA gain (5.8±1.2 vs 5.3±1.0, p<0.04), stent expansion by MLD (95.6±2.9% vs 89.6±3.3%, p<0.001), and MLA (92.7±5.1% vs 81.3±6.4%, p<0.001) were lower than in Group I. Stent expansion correlated negatively with calcium arc (MLD: r=-0.66, p<0.001; MLA: r=-0.69, p<0.001) but not with calcium length (MLD: r=0.14, p=0.1; MLA: r=0.09, p=0.36). Conclusion: Implantation of stents in calcified lesions results in less optimal stent expansion, especially in lesions with thick, eccentric calcific plaque layers.
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    Association of plasma fibrinogen level with the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea patients in a tertiary care hospital
    (Medip Academy, 2024-06) Alam, M. S.; Tanimul Haque Rijvy, M.; Dip, A. H.; Quadry, S. A.; Dhar, U.; Mosharraf Hossain, A. K. M.; Islam, S.; Rahim, A.; Chakrabortty, R.; Paul, S. K.
    Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder of multi-risk factorial pathogenesis and is characterized by recurrent, partial or complete upper airway obstruction resulting in intermittent hypoxia during sleep. It has been implicated in both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Objective of the study was to determine the association of Plasma Fibrinogen levels with the severity of OSA patients in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study with group comparison was conducted among all the patients attending in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, BSMMU with suspicion of OSA within one year after the clearance of institutional review board (IRB) using STOP-BANG questionnaire and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and confirmed by polysomnography. Plasma fibrinogen was measured in all OSA and non-OSA patients. Data were analyzed with the help of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: Sociodemographic analysis found no significant differences in age, gender, area, occupation, or smoking between OSA and non-OSA groups (p>0.05). However, witnessed apnoea (p=0.002), breathlessness (p=0.005), higher ESS (p<0.001), and STOP-Bang scores (p<0.001) were associated with OSA. Plasma fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in OSA (319.2±63.7 mg/dl versus 242.5±20.33 mg/dl, p<0.001), positively correlating with AHI (r=+0.876, p=0.001). Positive correlations were also found between fibrinogen levels and daytime sleepiness (r= +0.393, p=0.002), waist circumference (r =+0.346, p=0.007), and BMI (r =+0.297, p=0.021) in OSA patients. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study establishes a notable connection between plasma fibrinogen levels and the severity of OSA. Elevated fibrinogen levels correlate with increased OSA severity, indicating a link between OSA, inflammation and coagulation.
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    Challenges, Approaches & Applications of Orotransmucosal Drug Delivery System
    (Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-12) Mahmud, H; Himi, AS; Rana, MS; Kamrunnahar; Rifat, MMH; Islam, S.
    Orotransmucosal drug delivery is an alternative method used for a systemic drug delivery system. It is used as a favored route for non-parenteral administration of emergency drugs and agents. It can be used both for lipid-soluble and water-soluble drugs. It increases drug solubility and reduces in permeability of the lipid bilayer membrane. Mucosal surfaces are often rich in blood supply, allowing for rapid drug transport into the systemic circulation and in most cases avoiding degradation by first-pass hepatic metabolism. These systems contact with absorbent surfaces improves absorption at the application site and increases dwell time. It involves several physiological features of the oral cavity. Technical difficulties and biological impediments can be used as broad categories to group oral administration issues. Orotransmucosal drug delivery system uses an absorption rate four times that of the skin. It is easily accessible and heals rapidly from trauma and injury. It has a smaller surface area than the skin and can only be exposed for brief periods of time. Thus, this delivery method is the best for medications with high therapeutic potency. Efficient orotransmucosal drug delivery can be achieved in the oral cavity's buccal, sublingual, palatal and gingival regions. Mastication or chewing food can improve or impair medication absorption in the oral cavity. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems can be lost or damaged when used to fill chewing gum with drugs that are released when the chewing gum is chewed. This report also provides input for future orotransmucosal drug developments to treat oral mucosa diseases.
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    Efficacy of intervention towards blood donation to increase voluntary blood donation: a systematic review
    (Medip Academy, 2024-07) Easmin, F.; Ashadul Islam, M.; Islam, S.; Rahman, A.; Sonia, F. A.
    Although blood is the essence of life, and is one of the most precious donations; blood transfusion services are facing shortage of blood all over the world. A significant percentage of people have false beliefs about blood donation. Increase in the level of knowledge and correction of false beliefs should be the top most priority. Therefore, studying factors contributing to their knowledge, attitude and practice of blood donation is essential. There are studies that investigated the effectiveness of interventions or procedure changes in blood donation settings on outcomes including donor deferral, disclosure of risk factors, and rates of errors and omissions. Researchers also identified several interventions to improve donor compliance that have been tested in blood donation settings and provided evidence for the effectiveness of computerized interviews in improving detection of risk factors. Interventions can utilize the processes of change (POC) measure to guide stage matched interventions to encourage use of relevant experiential and behavioral strategies to increase blood donation. Interventions to recruit and retain blood donors in the general population have been classified into five approaches: motivational, reminders/asking, measurement of cognitions, incentives, and preventing vasovagal reactions. Effective recruitment and retention are two different processes and may require different approaches. For example, retention may be influenced more by interventions that focus on actions during or after donation rather than interventions prior to the blood donation appointment.
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    Mental health status and its correlates among people living with HIV/AIDS in a tertiary care center of West Bengal
    (Medip Academy, 2023-04) Islam, S.; Das, S.; Naga, D.; Taraphdar, P.
    Background: People with mental disorders experience disproportionately higher rates of disability and mortality. Bidirectional link between mental illness and HIV/AIDS accelerates the disease progression, reduces willingness to access health care, promotes high risk behavior, leads to low medication adherence, and ultimately results in poor disease outcome. The present study was conducted with the objectives to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) attending anti-retroviral therapy (ART) clinic at Burdwan medical college and hospital and to find out the association if any, between sociodemographic characteristics and CMD among the study population. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 410 adult PLWHA, selected through systematic random sampling, registered at ART clinic of Burdwan medical college and hospital, West Bengal during October 2022 to February 2023. Interview of each study subject, with a pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured schedule was done to obtain socio-demographic characteristics and CMD was assessed using WHO’s self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ)-20. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to predict the factors associated with CMD. Data were analysed using SPSS v23. Results: Prevalence of CMD was 30.2% among PLWHA attending ART clinic. In univariate logistic regression, female gender, persons not living with partner (un-married, widow/widower, divorced/separated), current smoker, pre-ART cases and persons with WHO stage 3 disease were found to be significantly associated with presence of CMD. But in multivariable logistic regression, persons not living with partner [AOR 2.114 (95% CI: 1.228-3.641)] and pre-ART cases [AOR 8.909 (95% CI: 4.770-16.640)] were remained statistically significant. Conclusions: Screening and treating the PLWHA suffering from CMD, should be considered to be an integral part of HIV care, support and treatment at the primary level.
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    Tracing tribal development in independent India: analyzing health challenges through five-year plans
    (Medip Academy, 2025-04) Setua, M; Islam, S.
    This study examines the efforts made by the Indian government to improve the health and socio-economic conditions of tribal communities through five-year plans, focusing on the challenges and gaps that persist. The subject is India’s tribal population, historically marginalized and vulnerable, and the evolving strategies employed to enhance their welfare. The research employs a qualitative approach, analyzing secondary data from government reports, Five-year plan documents, and scholarly literature. Primary data, including expert interviews and field surveys in tribal areas, complement this analysis. A thematic framework evaluates the historical evolution of health interventions, policy impacts, and implementation challenges across various plans. Findings reveal that while substantial progress has been made, tribal communities continue to face significant barriers to health and well-being. Key achievements include disease eradication initiatives, improved health infrastructure, and nutrition programs under integrated tribal development strategies. However, issues such as geographical isolation, inadequate infrastructure, socio-cultural barriers, and limited health literacy persist. Constitutional safeguards and welfare schemes have often fallen short due to ineffective implementation and resource gaps. Seventy-eight years’ post-independence, the health disparities among tribal populations remain pronounced. Future development strategies must prioritize inclusive, culturally sensitive policies, strengthen health infrastructure, and actively involve tribal communities in program design. Bridging policy and implementation gaps is essential for achieving equitable development and sustainable health improvements for India’s tribal populations.
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    Usefulness of pleural fluid cholesterol in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion
    (Medip Academy, 2023-09) Paul, S. K.; Ahmed, S.; Chakrabortty, R.; Majumder, S.; Sarker, D. J.; Kumar Paul, S.; Islam, S.; Atiqur Rahman, M.
    Background: Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is the most common etiology of exudative pleural effusion in high tuberculosis burden countries like Bangladesh. The usefulness of pleural fluid cholesterol for the diagnosis of TPE is not evaluated yet. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of pleural fluid cholesterol for the diagnosis of TPE. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of respiratory medicine at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university. A total of thirty-five TPE was included in this study. Pleural fluid aspiration followed by cytological (total count, differential count), and biochemical (protein, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, adenosine deaminase, and cholesterol) investigations were done. At the same time, blood was sent for biochemical (protein, glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase) investigation. Pleural biopsy followed by a histopathological examination was done to confirm TPE. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional review board (IRB) prior to starting this study. Results: In our study, the mean age of the participants was 35.54±14.13 years, and male predominant (74.3%). The mean pleural fluid cholesterol was 99.87±23.82 mg/dl. With a cut of value 69.85, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 97.14%, 57.14%, and 77.14% respectively. Conclusions: Pleural fluid cholesterol has significant diagnostic usefulness for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion.