Browsing by Author "Islam, N."

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    Expression of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 in glioblastoma, Bangladesh perspective
    (Medip Academy, 2024-01) Mir, R.; Islam, M. A.; Islam, N.; Islam, M. N.; Das, R.; Kabir, E.
    Background: Glioblastoma is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in adults. Various studies have identified IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) mutation as a hallmark genetic alteration in glial tumors. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified glioblastoma based on IDH mutation status, including IDH-mutant glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype glioblastoma along with its variants and glioblastoma, NOS (not otherwise specified) (where IDH mutation status cannot be evaluated). Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study, conducted on 35 histologically diagnosed cases of glioblastoma, within the period of March, 2018 to December 2019. Results: Among the 35 glioblastoma cases, 6 (17.14%) were found to be IDH-mutant (positive for IDH1 immunostain), while the remaining 29 cases were negative for IDH1 immunostain (therefore designated as IDH-wildtype glioblastoma). In the IDH-mutant group, 3 out of 6 patients were in the younger age group (?40 years). On the other hand, IDH-wildtype glioblastoma was more common in elderly and most frequent was in the age group of 51-60 years (11 out of 29 cases). Conclusions: In this study, IDH1 expression was observed in 17.14% of all glioblastoma cases (designated as IDH-mutant glioblastoma). Whereas, most (~82.86%) of the glioblastoma cases did not express IDH1 (designated as IDH-wildtype).
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    Prescribing patterns of antidiabetic drugs and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes patients visiting tertiary care hospital based in Karachi, Pakistan
    (Medip Academy, 2023-11) Jamali, A.; Ram, N.; Karim, S.; Sattar, S.; Rashid, M. S.; Islam, N.
    Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health concern with elevated blood glucose levels and insulin dysfunction. Our study analyzed antidiabetic drug prescriptions and their effectiveness in managing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with or without comorbidities. We aimed to gain insights into prescribing practices and efficacy in diverse patient populations. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at The Aga Khan University in Karachi, Pakistan, over a three-month period. It analysed prescriptions of anti-diabetic drugs for male and female patients aged 18 years and above with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patient data, including prescribed drugs, diabetes duration, co-morbid conditions, and HbA1c levels, were reviewed using the hospital's Health Information Management System (HIMS). Results: Data from 552 diabetic patients were analysed. The mean age of participants with type-2 DM was 58 years, with 53.3% males and 46.7% females. 25.2% had diabetes for 5-10 years. Good glycaemic control was achieved by 48.7% of patients. Metformin (83.9%), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4) inhibitors (61.1%), and sodium-glucose transport 2 inhibitors (SGLT2) inhibitors (54.0%) were the most prescribed medications. Three-drug combinations were predominant (41.5%). Conclusions: Metformin was the most prescribed monotherapy for T2DM, followed by DPP4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors. Common combinations included DPP4 inhibitors with metformin, three-drug combinations with metformin, DPP4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors, and four-drug combinations with metformin, DPP4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and sulfonylurea. DPP4 inhibitors were commonly used after metformin due to availability and cost-effectiveness. Glucagon-like peptide-1 inhibitors (GLP-1) analogs were less commonly prescribed due to cost, patient preference, and concerns about side effects.