Browsing by Author "Iqbal, S"

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    Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Community Pharmacists in Managing Chronic Diseases in Lahore, Pakistan
    (Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-09) Javed, E; Malik, A; Iqbal, S; Mustafa, E; Amjad, A; Amir, S; Fatima, N; Safder, M; Iqbal, MZ.
    Background: The rising number of chronic illnesses such as asthma, diabetes, osteoarthritis, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a major danger to the worldwide health community. The ability of individuals to successfully manage their medical problems with the help of healthcare professionals is essential to the effective control of chronic illnesses. Objective: The current study focuses to evaluate the knowledge of community pharmacist’s regarding chronic disease management, their attitude, and their practice to control chronic diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted using random sampling method in Lahore, Pakistan. The samples collected for this study was 110. However, the final sample size was 93, the remaining forms were discarded. Data was collected by visiting community pharmacies in Lahore. The filled questionnaires were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences program software (SPSS Inc., version 21.0, IBM corp., Armonk NY, USA). P-value of less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant values. Results: The results, with a p value of 0.001, indicate a significant difference in adequacy of knowledge between the male and female groups. Majority of the participants have bachelor’s education and are unmarried. The p-value of 0.871 for level of education shows insignificant association between the higher education and better practice scores. The most important finding in this study is significant relationship between technology proficiency and adequacy of knowledge with p-value of 0.005. This shows that those who are more proficient in the technology are significantly more likely to have adequate knowledge. Conclusion: This study concludes that the majority of community pharmacists had adequate knowledge regarding chronic disease management. But showed neutral attitude and fair practice towards the control of chronic diseases. In order to optimize the management of chronic diseases, community pharmacists need to exhibit best practices and a positive attitude.
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    Evaluation of Morphological Changes in Corneal Endothelial Cells and Central Corneal Thickness in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome
    (Dr. Annil Mahajan, 2023-04) Iqbal, S; Mir, RA; Sharma, HR; Sharma, AK; Nazir, A.
    Background: Pseudoexfoliation causes characteristic corneal endothelial changes leading to corneal decompensation and loss of corneal transparency severely affecting vision. Objectives: To evaluate morphological changes in corneal endothelial cells and central corneal thickness in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) and to compare it with age matched patients without pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Material and Methods: A hospital based, cross sectional analytical study was conducted at Upgraded Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College/hospital, Jammu in which total of 46 patients planned for cataract surgery were included (23 patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and 23 patients without pseudoexfoliation syndrome). Corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), percentage of hexagonal cells, coefficient of variation (CV) in cell size, and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using specular microscopy. Results: The mean ECD was 2325.1 ± 383.1 in the PXS group and 2763 ± 351.3 in the control group respectively, and ECD in the PXS group was significantly lower than in that in the control group (p=0.0002). The percentage of hexagonal cells was 48.3 ± 5.7 in PXS group and 51.5 ± 4.6 in the control group respectively, and percentage of hexagonal cells was significantly lower than that in the control group (p=0.04). The cell size coefficient of variation was 33.9 ± 2.6 in the PXS group and 33.0 ± 3.1 in the control group respectively, and patients with PXS had no statistically significant difference in cell size coefficient of variation compared to control group (p=0.29). The CCT was 509.0 ± 27.3 in the PXS group and 529.0 ± 23.6 in the control group respectively, and CCT in the PXS group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p=0.01). Conclusion: In our study the ECD and CCT was significantly lower in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome regardless of the presence of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.
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    Sengers disease: a rare association of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congenital cataracts.
    (2004-05-28) Atiq, Mehnaz; Iqbal, S; Ibrahim, S
    Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an uncommon childhood cardiac disease and can be primary or secondary. Several systemic diseases are known to be associated with this entity. Senger's disease is a mitochondrial disorder causing congenital cataracts lactic acidosis and skeletal and cardiac myopathy. Diagnosis should be kept in mind when routine neonatal eye screening reveals absent red reflex. The authors report a case of Sengers disease and discuss the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms.
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    A Systematic Review of Confounders Effecting on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
    (Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-07) Noor, A; Kainat, A; Shah, AH; Safiyan, A; Shahzadi, H; Yousaf, I; Akbar, MJ; Faran, MH; Iqbal, S; Mustafa, E; Chaudhary, N- e-H; Abid, A; Iqbal, MZ.
    Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) remains the leading cause of infant mortality, affecting countries worldwide, including both wealthy and developing nations. Many confounders are responsible for SIDS, which still can be avoided, and the prevalence can stop to save infant deaths. The present systematic review has been conducted to distinguish those responsible factors. The objective of the current systematic review was to identify those confounders and corelate them with SIDS. For conducting the current systematic review, the basic online scientific data bases i.e., (Scopus, ProQuest, Science-Direct, Web of Science along with PubMed) were utilized for searching along with the manual research on Google Scholar. The present systematic review was in line with ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards and recommendations. A 20-point appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS tool) was used to critically evaluate the quality of the used studies. Additionally, applying the framework of PECO-S (Population -Exposure -Comparison -Outcome -Study design) numerous observational studies were enrolled for this review. Out of 1989 studies obtained, 24 studies fulfill the inclusion criteria and are thus included in the present review. The original research studies included in the present systematic review were all in “English” language published during the time duration of 2015-2023. Overall, 24 research papers covering 11 different countries’ sample population were included. More number of infants died due to SIDS in the age group of 2-4 months. Key confounders associated with SIDS include parental smoking (64.3%), low-income status (56.9%), bed-sharing (58.7%), and non-breastfeeding (over 90%). Additionally, maternal education, genetic factors, and inequalities in living conditions were identified as significant contributors to SIDS. The review underscores the importance of targeted interventions to address these confounders, such as promoting breastfeeding, reducing parental smoking, and improving maternal education and socioeconomic conditions. By addressing these factors, the incidence of SIDS can be significantly reduced, ultimately saving the lives of infants globally.