Browsing by Author "Iqbal, A"

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    Assessing the severity grading of acute cholecystitis according to Tokyo guidelines 2013 and outcome of conservative management
    (Medip Academy, 2025-04) Iqbal, A; Hussain, Shah, F; Gani, M; Naqash, SH; Shah, MA.
    Background: Acute cholecystitis is most often triggered by gall stones. Gall stones are one of the most common disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting about 10% of people in Western society. Methods: This prospective observational was conducted in the department of General Surgery, Sher e Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences and SKIMS Medical College from September 2018 to August 2020 comprising of 112 patients. The severity of cholecystitis according to TG13 was noted. All the patients were managed conservatively. Patients were closely monitored for any change in severity. Results: A total of 112 patients were studied with male: female ratio of 1:3.5. The maximum number of patients were in the age group of 45 to 59 years with a mean age of 50.3 years, 63.4% of patients were associated with comorbidities. LFT was deranged in only 21.4% of the patients All the patients were assessed for the severity of illness according to the Tokyo guidelines (TG 13). 64 (57.1%) patients had mild illness, 43 patients (38.4%) had moderate illness and 05 patients (4.5%) had severe illness. 84.8% (95) of the patients improved by conservative management. 03 patients belonging to severe grade needed open surgical intervention. 01-patient died in postoperative period. Most of the patients had a hospital stay of less than 01 week with mean duration of 3.8 days. Most patients with mild to moderate disease were below 60 years. All the grades of severity were more common in females. Conclusions: Most patients with acute cholecystitis can be managed conservatively.
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    Atrial Septal Defect (Secundum) : A Case Report of a Family.
    (2009) Fatema, N N; Razzaque, A K M; Iqbal, A
    Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Secundum type was detected in a female patient Miss S.A at 20 years of age. She was operated from Birla Heart Research Center, Kolkata India in 1995.She got married after two years. Her son Master Z.S was also diagnosed as ASD secundum and was operated from Narayana Hrudayalaya Institute of Cardiac Science, Bangalore, India in the year 2005 when he was 8 years old. Her daughter was born in the same year and was diagnosed as a case of large ASD secundum (almost common atrium). This girl is now waiting for device closure from Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka, but her weight is still low for such procedure. This family is a rare family where mother and both children have ASD secundum and possibility of genetic inheritance was strongly suspected which lead to the writing of this report.
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    Confounders Effecting Quality of Life of COPD Patients in European Union: A Systematic Review
    (Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-03) Shahid, S; Tariq, Z; Asghar, O; Majeed, A; Amjad, U; Ali, W; Sarfaraz, A; Saeed, MA; Sabri, MS; Abdullah, M; Zaheer, A; Aamir, M; Rehman, T; Iqbal, A; Iqbal, MZ.
    Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease characterized by restriction in expiratory airflow. It is among one of the major causes of illness and death globally. COPD causes severe negative effects on physical and mental health. It has a drastic effect upon the health-related quality of life of patients. Numerous factors contribute towards morbidity of COPD that include smoking, obesity, air pollutants and comorbid conditions (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, infections). Aims and Objectives: The current systematic review was conducted with the aim to determine the health-related quality of life of COPD patients as well as the confounders of quality of life. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted of 22 studies. The electronic databases used to search the articles were Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science. Total 1880 studies were found, out of which only 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. All the studies included are within 2017-2022. Patients met inclusion criteria have less than 70% FEV1/FVC ratio and diagnosis of patients was according to the GOLD staging system. Majority study design were observational, some were cross sectional, experimental and randomized clinical trials. Mean age of patients observed was 40-85 years. To assess the quality of life of COPD patient specific questionnaires has been used like SGRQ, CAT, CCQ, EQ-5D-5L. Results: Included studies shows that the quality of life of COPD is compromised physically as well as mentally. It is due to less physical activities, smoking habits, psychological issues, comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension. Conclusion: All the studies concluded that COPD patients diagnosed on basis of GOLD criteria and their quality of life is assessed via disease specific questionnaires that majorly includes SGRQ, CAT, CCQ, EQ-5D-5L. And it shows that quality of life of COPD decreases overall. However, the major confounders of reduced quality of life in COPD patients were: Smoking, raised BMI, high cholesterol, Depression/ anxiety, traffic related air pollutants, malnutrition and co-morbid conditions such as hypertension, asthma, anemia and diabetes mellitus.
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    Efficacy and safety of biosimilar romiplostim in Indian patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia: A multicentric retrospective study
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Iqbal, A; Sharma, C; Bora, RL; Phukan, A.
    Context and Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of biosimilar romiplostim in Indian patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Settings and Design: Multicentre, retrospective observational study. Methods and Material: Patients with chronic ITP who received biosimilar romiplostim from July 2019 to March 2020 across 3 major hospitals in Guwahati, India, were included. The study outcomes were the platelet response (platelet count > 50 × 109/L), time to first response, number of dose-limiting events, and the median effective dose. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive. Results: Of 32 patients included in this analysis, majority (59.4%) were females. The mean (SD) age was 40.37 (15.79) years, and mean age at ITP diagnosis was 38.53 years. The median number of romiplostim doses were 27.5 (range: 10-42) over a period of 10 months; median romiplostim dose used was 4.2 ?g/kg (range: 2.8-5 ?g/kg). Platelet response was achieved as early as after one week in 9 (28.12%) patients, which continued to increase to 24 (75%) patients after the second, 30 (93.75%) patients after the third and all 32 (100%) patients after four weeks of romiplostim administration. The median platelet count was 161 × 109/L. Dose reduction was done in a total of 21 patients. Thrombocytosis (46.88%), elevated liver enzymes (15.63%) and myalgia (15.63%) were the most common adverse events. Conclusions: Biosimilar romiplostim was effective in achieving and maintaining platelet response without any new safety concerns in Indian adult patients with chronic ITP. The median effective dose of romiplostim required in our patients was lower as compared with the standard prescribed dose.
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    Fabrication and Optimization of Novel Lornoxicam Matrix Tablets Using 3-Factor 3-Level Box-Behnken Statistical Design: Invitro and Invivo Evaluation.
    (2014-04) Iqbal, A; Sarfraz, R M; Mahmood, A; Ahsan, H; Zaman, M; Bashir, I; Akram, M A
    In the present study efforts have been made to prepare sustained release matrix tablets of Lornoxicam. Matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression method by using Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K15 (HPMC- K15), Ethyl cellulose (EC) and Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (Na-CMC) as polymers in different concentrations. A 3-factor 3- level Box-Behnken statistical design was used as an optimization tool having total of 17 experimental runs with 5 central points. All three polymers were selected as independent variables while %age drug release at various time intervals and hardness were used as dependant variables. In vivo studies were conducted on human plasma using Tenoxicam as internal standered. All the detections were made on SYKNM HPLC. Foriour Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetery (DSC) studies were conducted and no chemical interaction was found between drug and polymers. The drug release mechanism was mainly governed by non-fickian (anomalous) diffusion and zero-order (case II) transport diffusion. Regression analysis was performed on dissolution data obtained with the selected response variables and polynomial models were constructed. Polynomial models were further validated using one way ANOVA and results indicated that all the polymers used have significant effect on selected response (p>0.05). Contour plots and three dimensional response surface curves were drawn. In- vivo studies were conducted on two tablet formulation indicating slow and sustained release of the drug from matrix. From Behnken design it is possible to successfully formulate and optimize Lornoxicam sustained release matrix tablets with three polymers (HPMC- K15, EC and Na-CMC) in combination.
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    Giant multilobular axillary lipoma
    (Medip Academy, 2024-02) Gani, M; Iqbal, A; Rather, AA.
    Lipomas are common benign soft tissue tumours. Lipomas are usually small in size. Giant lipomas are uncommon. Large tumours can cause compression to the surrounding nerves and vessels. Axilla is an uncommon site of lipoma and giant axillary lipomas are rare. In this report we present a case of a 60-year male with giant multilobular axillary lipoma. The lipoma was unusual in its size, its appearance and site of occurrence. Histopathology revealed it to be a lipoma.
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    Patterns of Corticosteroid Prescriptions among Patients at Community Pharmacies in Lahore, Pakistan
    (Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-10) Bibi, G; Shahzadi, H; Nadeem, A; Naveed, M; Abid, L; Nazeer, J; Iqbal, A; Munir, T; Afzaal, T; Saqib, Z; Ali, AZ; Iqbal, MZ.
    Background: Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal gland and are used to treat many diseases, including autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases. Besides their role in many diseases, long-term use, misuse, and overuse cause side effects including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. Objective: The aim of current study is to evaluate the prescription pattern of corticosteroids in different community pharmacies, among patients, in Lahore. Methods: The cross-sectional stratified convenient study performed using a validated questionnaire to analyse the prescription pattern of corticosteroids in patients at different community pharmacies in Lahore. Total 92 patients are participating in this study. Results: A total of 92 patients take part in the study. In this research 67.4% females are participated. The average age of patients is above 30 years. Asthma is the most common reason for corticosteroids administration (19.6%) followed by rheumatoid arthritis (12.0%) whereas in inflammatory bowel disease they are least prescribed (1.1%). Prednisolone is the most prescribed drug (33.7%) and Oral route is the frequently given route. Conclusion: Our data shows that the prescription pattern of corticosteroid must be improved. Health care providers should pay attention to counseling of patients and guide them about dose tapering to avoid adverse effects.
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    Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections among drug addicts in Bangladesh.
    (2000-12-27) Shirin, T; Ahmed, T; Iqbal, A; Islam, M; Islam, M N
    This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among 266 drug users attending a drug-addiction treatment centre in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from November 1996 to April 1997. Of the 266 addicts, 129 were injectable drug users (IDUs), and 137 were non-injectable drug users (non-IDUs). The seroprevalences of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV antibodies among the IDUs were 8 (6.2%), 41 (31.8%), 15 (11.6%), and 32 (24.8%), and among the non-IDUs were 6 (4.4%), 33 (24.1%), 9 (6.6%), and 8 (5.8%) respectively. None of the drug users were positive for anti-HIV antibody. Although the prevalence of HBV infection did not significantly differ between the IDUs and the non-IDUs, the prevalence of HCV infection was significantly higher among the IDUs. Among the IDUs, the prevalence of both HBV and HCV infections was associated with sharing of needles and longer duration of injectable drugs used. The seroprevalence of HBV infection in both IDUs and non-IDUs was significantly higher among those who had a history of extramarital and premarital sex. The prevalence of HCV infection was not associated with sexual promiscuity. There was no association between the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections and age. Active preventive programmes focusing on educational campaigns among the youths against substance abuse should be undertaken.
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    Relationship between Baseline White Blood Cell count and C-reactive protein with Angiographic severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.
    (2012) Ahmed, M; Chowdhury, N A; Chakrovortty, S K; Gafur, S; Aziz, M; Uddin, M N; Khan, M R; Rahman, M; Iqbal, A; Nasir, M; Chowdhury, S A; Rahman, Z
    Inflammation has been shown to play a role in atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome. This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between baseline white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP) with angiographic severity of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome and to identify those subsets of patients with acute coronary syndrome who may need to undergo invasive or conservative strategies. Method: A total of 100 patients with acute coronary syndrome including unstable angina, non-ST elevated myocardial infarction & ST elevated myocardial infarction were evaluated in National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Dhaka with a view to correlate angiographic findings, C-reactive protein and WBC count. Results: This study observed that either raised WBC count or raised CRP independently and combination of both WBC count and CRP elevation were significantly associated with more severe coronary artery disease. Either raised WBC count or raised CRP or combination of raised WBC count and CRP were significant predictor of multivessel disease and high stenosis score. Conclusion: Elevation of WBC count and CRP in patients with acute coronary syndrome are associated with severe coronary disease. WBC count and CRP can be used as a new and even simpler tool for risk stratification in acute coronary syndrome.